Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) can effectively protect the alloy substrate of hot components in aeroengines or land-based gas turbines by the thermal insulation and corrosion/erosion resistance of ...the ceramic top coat. However, the continuous pursuit of a higher operating temperature leads to degradation, delamination, and premature failure of the top coat. Both new ceramic materials and new coating structures must be developed to meet the demand for future advanced TBC systems. In this paper, the latest progress of some new ceramic materials is first reviewed. Then, a comprehensive spalling mechanism of the ceramic top coat is summarized to understand the dependence of lifetime on various factors such as oxidation scale growth, ceramic sintering, erosion, and calcium-magnesium-aluminium-silicate (CMAS) molten salt corrosion. Finally, new structural design methods for high-performance TBCs are discussed from the perspectives of lamellar, columnar, and nanostructure inclusions. The latest developments of ceramic top coat will be presented in terms of material selection, structural design, and failure mechanism, and the comprehensive guidance will be provided for the development of next-generation advanced TBCs with higher temperature resistance, better thermal insulation, and longer lifetime.
SUMMARY
The mitochondrial alternative pathway (AP) represents an important photoprotective mechanism for the chloroplast, but the temperature sensitivity of its photoprotective role is unknown. In ...this study, using the aox1a Arabidopsis mutant, the photoprotective role of the AP was verified under various temperatures, and the mechanism underlying the temperature sensitivity of the AP’s photoprotective role was clarified. It was observed that the photoprotective role of the AP increased with rising temperature but was absent at low temperature. The photoprotective role of the AP was severely reduced under non‐photorespiratory conditions. Disturbance of the AP inhibited the conversion of glycine to serine in mitochondria, which may restrain upstream photorespiratory metabolism and aggravate photoinhibition. With rising temperatures, photorespiration accelerated and the restraint of photorespiration caused by disturbance of the AP also increased, determining the temperature sensitivity of the AP’s photoprotective role. We also verified that not only the AP but also the cytochrome pathway in mitochondria contributes to photoprotection by maintaining photorespiration.
Significance Statement
Photoprotection by the mitochondrial alternative pathway (AP) is enhanced at heat but disabled at chilling, which is due to (i) the AP’s contribution to photoprotection through maintaining photorespiration and (ii) acceleration of photorespiration with rising temperatures.
Although many methods and new therapeutic drugs have been developed, the overall survival rate and long‐term survival rate of patients with gastric cancer (GC) are still not satisfactory. In this ...study, we investigated the effects of microRNA miR‐133a‐3p and transcription factor FOXP3 on proliferation and autophagy of GC cells and their interactions. Our results showed that knockdown of FOXP3 increased the proliferation and autophagy of GC cells. The relationship between FOXP3 and autophagy has not been reported previously. In addition, FOXP3 could directly bind the promoter region of TP53 and inhibit its expression. miR‐133a‐3p increased the proliferation and autophagy via decreasing the protein level of FOXP3 by targeting its 3′‐UTR. Our research provides new insights into the development of GC and provides new ideas and theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of GC and the development of new drug targets.
miR‐133a‐3p increased the proliferation and autophagy via decreasing the protein level of FOXP3 by targeting its 3′‐untranslated region. Our research provides new insights into the development of gastric cancer and provides new ideas and theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of gastric cancer and the development of new drug targets.
Background
High power shorter duration (HPSD) ablation seen to increase efficacy and safety treating of atrial fibrillation (AF); however, comparative data between HPSD and low power longer duration ...(LPLD) ablation are limited.
Hypothesis
We thought that HPSD might bring more clinical benefits. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the clinical benefits of HPSD in patients with AF.
Methods
The Medline, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies comparing HPSD and LPLD ablation.
Results
Ten trials with 2467 patients were included in the analysis. Pooled analyses demonstrated that HPSD showed a benefit of first‐pass pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) (risk ratio RR: 1.20; 95% confidence interval CI: 1.10‐1.31, P < .001) and recurrence of atrial arrhythmias (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.58‐0.91, P = .005). Additionally, HPSD could reduce procedural time (weighted mean difference WMD: −42.93; 95% CI, −58.10 to −27.75, P < .001), ablation time (WMD: −21.01; 95% CI: −24.55 to −17.47, P < .001), and fluoroscopy time (WMD: −4.11; 95% CI: −6.78 to −1.45, P < .001). Moreover, major complications and esophageal thermal injury (ETI) were similar between two groups (RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.44‐1.30, P = .31) and (RR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.21‐1.51, P = .26).
Conclusions
HPSD was safe and efficient for treating AF. Compared with LPLD, HPSD was associated with advantages of procedural features, higher first‐pass PVI and reducing recurrence of atrial arrhythmias. Moreover, major complications and ETI were similar between two groups.
To estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with tuberculosis (TB) among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in China. ...A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. After the literature was screened based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, STATA.sup.R version 17.0 software was used for the meta-analysis. The heterogeneity among study data was assessed using I.sup.2 statistics. Subgroup analysis and meta-regressions were performed to further explore the source of heterogeneity. A total of 5241 studies were retrieved. Of these, 44 studies were found to be eligible. The pooled prevalence of HIV/TB co-infection was 6.0%. The risk factors for HIV/TB co-infection included a low CD4.sup.+ T cell count, smoking, intravenous drug use and several other sociodemographic and clinical factors. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination history was a protective factor. A high prevalence of TB was observed among people living with HIV/AIDS in China. Low CD4.sup.+ T cell count, smoking, and intravenous drug use were the primary risk factors for HIV/TB co-infection, whereas BCG vaccination history was a protective factor. Checking for TB should be prioritized in HIV screening and healthcare access. Registered on PROSPERO, Identifier: CRD42022297754.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Pursuits of high-performance blue light-emitting perovskites have attracted intensive attention due to an insufficient photo-luminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of <5% for CsPbCl
3
, which far lags ...behind the near-unit PLQYs (>90%) in the green and red emission spectral regions of CsPbX
3
(X = Br and I), respectively. Hence, it is very significant to improve the blue light emitting PLQYs to balance the development of three-primary-colour in high-definition displays. In this study, we have proposed a new structural design strategy of reducing the lattice dimension to enhance quantum confinement effect and further improve the blue-light emission efficiency. Herein, by rationally choosing a long chain-like organic cation to slice the PbCl
3
−
skeleton, we have successfully constructed the first 0D perovskite of BAPrEDAPbCl
6
·(H
2
O)
2
, in which the isolated PbCl
6
4−
units are confined by a closely assembled organic matrix. As expected, the bulk crystals of the 0D perovskite display broadband blue-violet light emission (392 nm) of radiative transition arising from triplet exciton states. Remarkably, the synergistic effects of enhanced quantum confinement and highly localized excitons from the 0D perovskite significantly boost the PLQY of blue light emission to 21.3%, which far exceeds than that of the typical 3D CsPbCl
3
. To the best of our knowledge, this study first realizes the lowest-dimensional structural transformation from 3D perovskite to 0D molecule but holding the intrinsic blue light emission, and it also represents a new record of highest-energy blue-violet light emission in single-crystalline 0D metal halides.
By using a structural slicing strategy toward 3D CsPbCl
3
, we successfully constructed the first 0D perovskite displaying the highest-energy blue-violet light emission (392 nm) with improved photoluminescence quantum yield ranging from <5% to 21.3%.
The mechanism by which the mitochondrial alternative oxidase （AOX） pathway contributes to photosystem II （PSII） photoprotection is in dispute. It was generally thought that the AOX pathway protects ...photosystems by dissipating excess reducing equivalents exported from chloroplasts through the malate/oxaloacetate （Mal/OAA） shuttle and thus preventing the over-reduction of chloroplasts. In this study, using the aoxla Arabidopsis mutant and nine other C3 and C4 plant species, we revealed an additional action model of the AOX pathway in PSII photoprotection. Although the AOX pathway contributes to PSII photoprotection in C3 leaves treated with high light, this contribution was observed to disappear when photorespiration was suppressed. Disruption or inhibition of the AOX pathway significantly decreased the photorespiration in C3 leaves. Moreover, the AOX pathway did not respond to high light and contributed little to PSII photoprotection in C4 leaves possessing a highly active Mal/OAA shuttle but with little photorespiration. These results demonstrate that the AOX pathway contributes to PSII photoprotection in C3 plants by maintaining photo- respiration to detoxify glycolate and via the indirect export of excess reducing equivalents from chloro-plasts by the MaI/OAA shuttle. This new action model explains why the AOX pathway does not contribute to PSII photoprotection in C4 plants.
Thermal barrier coating (TBC) system is an essential technology in many fields associated to high temperatures. The main function of these TBCs is to protect the metallic parts against high ...temperatures over 1000 °C. However, degradation occurs both in thermal and mechanical performances during service. Thus, understanding the underlying degradation and failure mechanisms of TBCs is significant to assess and further enhance the durability and reliability of TBCs. Regarding the durability of TBCs, this paper reviews different failures mechanisms of TBCs caused by residual stresses, phase transformations, sintering, hot corrosion attack and oxidation. Subsequently, some methods are summarized to alleviate the undesirable effects of the causes, so as to extend the lifetime of TBCs. Regarding the thermal barrier performance of TBCs, the neoteric advances to resist degradation in thermal conductivity of TBCs are reviewed. In addition, some new ceramic materials with superior intrinsic properties are introduced for ultra-high temperature applications. In brief, this review correlates the microstructure and properties of TBCs for finer interpretation and degradation-resistant design on their thermal and mechanical properties, which would benefit the advanced TBCs in future engineering applications.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe respiratory condition characterized by a high mortality rate, the management of which relies on supportive care and a profound understanding of ...its pathophysiology. Heparin, with its anticoagulant and potential anti-inflammatory properties, offers a new therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of ARDS.
In this retrospective cohort study, we examined the MIMIC-IV database for ARDS patients who received prophylactic heparin within the first 72 h of ICU admission. Employing propensity score matching and inverse probability weighting (IPW) analysis, we evaluated the impact of early heparin use on patient outcomes, focusing on mortality rates.
Patients who received prophylactic heparin had a significantly lower in-hospital mortality rate compared to those who did not (13.55% vs 17.93%, HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.54-0.93, P = 0.012). This result remained significant after propensity score matching (12.75% vs 17.93%, HR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.47-0.90, P = 0.010). Analysis using five different statistical models indicated that early use of heparin significantly reduced the in-hospital mortality rate, with HR = 0.669 (95% CI 0.487-0.919, P = 0.013) in the doubly robust model without balanced covariates; HR = 0.705 (95% CI 0.515-0.965, P = 0.029) with all covariates considered; HR = 0.660 (95% CI 0.491-0.888, P = 0.006) in the propensity score (IPW) model; HR = 0.650 (95% CI 0.470-0.900, P = 0.010) in the propensity score matching model; and HR = 0.706 (95% CI 0.536-0.930, P = 0.013) in the multivariate Cox regression model. Secondary outcomes indicated that heparin use was also associated with reduced mortality rates at 60 days, and 90 days.
This research highlights that early prophylactic administration of heparin may substantially lower mortality in ARDS patients. These findings underscore the potential of heparin as a key component in the management of ARDS, offering a new perspective and novel strategies for clinical treatment.
Background
The ThermoCool Smarttouch Surroundflow catheter (STSFc) is an advanced catheter, which integrating contact force sensing and surroundflow technology. However, comparative data between ...STSFc and contact force sensing catheter (Thermocool SmartTouch catheter STc) are limited.
Hypothesis
We thought that STSFc might bring more clinical benefits. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to compare the safety and efficiency between the STSFc and the STc for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF).
Methods
The Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies comparing STSFc and STc.
Results
Four trials involving 727 patients were included in the study. Pool‐analyses demonstrated that, as compared STc ablation, STSFc ablation was more beneficial in terms of procedural times (standard mean difference SMD: −0.22; 95% confidence interval CI, −0.37 to −0.07, P = .005) and irrigation fluid volume (SMD: −1.94; 95% CI, −2.65 to −1.22, P < .0001). There was no significant difference between STSFc and STc (risk ratio RR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.21, P = .79) for free from AF. Evidence of complications were low and similar for both groups (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.19‐3.55, P = .80). Additionally, patients administered STSFc ablation tended to have shorter fluoroscopic times (SMD: −0.20; 95% CI, −0.63‐0.23, P = .21).
Conclusions
STSFc ablation was associated with reducing procedural times and irrigation fluid volume. Further, STSFc ablation tended to shorten fluoroscopic times. Therefore, STSFc ablation would be a better choice for AF patients especially in patients with heart failure.
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