•Carbon emissions from the power sector among provinces in China are analyzed.•Geographically and temporally weighted regression model was used.•Effects of driving factors show spatio-temporal ...heterogeneity.•Targeted measures for carbon emission reduction in power sector are proposed.
Carbon emissions from the power sector (CEPS11CEPS: Carbon emissions from the power sector.) contribute more than 40% of carbon emissions to both the world and China, which is the key link of carbon emission reduction. In the context of China’s “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goals, clarifying the regional differences and driving factors of CEPS is helpful to formulate carbon emission reduction policies. Based on the CEPS data of 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2019, this study uses data statistics and spatial autocorrelation analysis to test the temporal and spatial differences of CEPS among provinces. Ten indicators are selected to construct a geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model for the regression analysis of driving factors of CEPS in the provinces. During 2004–2019, the CEPS in China’s 30 provinces show obvious differences. The CEPS in Shandong, Inner Mongolia and Shanxi maintain a high rise, while that in Sichuan and Yunnan shows a downward trend. The global Moran’s I of provincial CEPS in China shows significant positive spatial autocorrelation, high-high clustering area is concentrated in North and East China, and low-low clustering area is distributed in Southwest China. The effects of various driving factors on provincial CEPS show obvious temporal and spatial heterogeneity. The power structure (PS), the thermal power energy consumption rate (TE) and the per capita electricity consumption (PC) have positive effects on CEPS in most provinces, while the contribution of the power industry (IC) has a negative effect. The effects of other indicators on different provinces fluctuate in different periods. In order to realize the low-carbon sustainable development of power sector, relevant measures such as improving the efficiency of thermal power production, optimizing power structure by region, and support the major power producing provinces are proposed.
Electricity is an essential factor of production. The trade of goods and services between different industrial sectors in different regions may lead to the transfer of embodied carbon emissions in ...the power sector, which makes the problem of “carbon leakage” widespread. As the world’s largest CO
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emitter, China’s systematic identification of the patterns and structural characteristics of embodied carbon transfer in its power sector is essential for reasonably defining emission reduction responsibilities and scientifically formulating emission reduction policies. Few studies have focused on interprovincial transfer characteristics of embodied carbon emissions in the power sector. Based on the multi-regional input-output tables of China in 2010, 2012, 2015, and 2017, this paper combined the complex network theory to construct the interprovincial power embodied carbon transfer networks (PECTNs
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) of China, analyzed the topological nature, community structure and identified the key provinces in the networks with the help of complex network indicators. The results indicate that both direct and embodied carbon emissions from China’s power sector present an increasing trend during the study period. The scale and scope of power carbon emission transfer between provinces have been expanding, showing an transfer trend from west to east and north to south. China’s PECTNs have small-world characteristics. From 2010 to 2017, the sub-regional phenomenon in China’s PECTNs gradually decreased. In the network community, the provinces with stable relationships are close to each other and have closer carbon correlation. Coal resource-based and large economic provinces with high power demand tend to be the core of the networks. The position of Xinjiang in the networks is gradually prominent. According to the results of the study, differentiated carbon emission reduction schemes are formulated based on the roles played by different provinces to provide ideas for embodied carbon reduction among provinces in China’s power sector.
Platinum is widely considered as a critical mineral. According to the most optimistic scenario, the demand for platinum could increase 240-fold globally by 2050 due to the enormous demand potential ...for green hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles. By integrating network analysis and evaluation indicators, this study develops a framework to visualize the global platinum upstream supply chain, pinpoint supply-related risk areas, and assess the position of various nations in the supply chain. We conclude that there is a significant risk of disruption to the global platinum upstream supply chain. Following is a summary of the main conclusions: First, the global platinum supply network and primary platinum product trade network are both relatively sparse, with poor network connectivity, and the overall network’s risk-resistance is weak. Second, at the non-geographical production country level, the global platinum mining countries, the countries of the producing companies, and the countries of the shareholders of the producing companies are all highly concentrated. Third, the global platinum supply and demand markets are significantly divided, and South Africa holds a significantly stronger national position in the platinum supply network than any other nation, except for the national level of producing companies’ shareholders. However, the national role of South Africa in the trade network is not as strong as that of consuming countries and transit countries. The study proposes that global platinum consuming countries can reduce supply risks by increasing domestic platinum mine production, building international large-scale integrated mining corporations, and raising global supply share by investing in overseas mines.
The chemical accident in Fujian Province in April 2015 and frequent winter smog that often covers a large number of eastern Chinese cities have resulted in policy debates similar to the one held 10 ...years ago. The topic of these debates is, "Does China need to change its industrialization path?" By reconsidering the 20042005 Debate, the paper will focus on the policy content behind the controversy of economic theories and beyond, namely, the relationship between the theories and formation of policies in which stages of diversification and the M-form of Chinese governance are highlights. We conclude that China has experienced environment-forcing and state-oriented economic development paradigm shift.
This is the 162nd book in the Routledge Studies in the History of Economics series, and the first to concentrate on the history of Chinese economic thought. It therefore provides a unique look at ...this topic—in fact, it is not only the subject matter that is unique, but also the framework of the book. In contrast to three earlier books on similar subject areas (Hu, 1984 and 1988; Ma and Trautwein, 2013), this book is described in the introduction as “a collection of papers on the history of Ch...
Nickel is a strategic mineral resource, with 65% of nickel being used in stainless steel. The situation in Ukraine starting in February 2022 has led to significant fluctuations in nickel prices, with ...prices of nickel products along the same chain affecting and passing through each other. Using systematic risk entropy and granger causality networks, we measure the volatility risk of trade prices of nickel products using the nickel industry chain trade data from 2000–2019 and explore the transmission patterns of different volatility risk prices from the industry chain perspective. The findings show that: (1) Nickel ore has the highest risk of import trade price volatility and a strong influence, but low risk transmission. Stainless steel has the highest trade price impact but is also subject to the strongest passive influence. (2) The Americas have a higher risk of trade price volatility but a weaker influence. The influence and sensitivity of trade prices is stronger in Asia and Europe. (3) Indonesia’s stainless steel export prices have a high rate of transmission and strong influence. Germany’s ferronickel export prices are highly susceptible to external influences and can continue to spread loudly. Russian nickel ore export prices are able to quickly spread their impact to other regions.
The joint surface is widely distributed in the rock, thus leading to the nonlinear characteristics of rock mass strength and limiting the effectiveness of the linear model in reflecting ...characteristics. The JRC/JCS model is the nonlinear failure criterion and generally believed to describe the characteristics of joints better than other models. In order to develop the numerical program for JRC/JCS model, this paper established the relationship between the parameters of the JRC/JCS and Mohr-Coulomb models. Thereafter, the numerical implement method and implementation process of the JRC/JCS model were discussed and the reliability of the numerical method was verified by the shear tests of jointed rock mass. Finally, the effect of the JRC/JCS model parameters on the shear strength of the joint was analyzed.
Taking a historical and comparative view, we explore the long debated cause of the spectacular economic successes of East Asia using land reforms in China and Japan during the 1940-50s. Examining the ...approach to land reform embodied by technocrats such as Liu Shaoqi in China and Wada Hiroo in Japan in addition to the implementation mechanisms of the policies they adopted, we show that the land reforms developed characteristics of dynamic factor endowment according to the Engerman-Sokoloff hypothesis. Fairly equal land redistribution led to political power equality and improved agricultural productivity and income equality, which is conducive to long-term economic development and the prevention of the Kuznets effect ex ante. Nevertheless, factors such as initial exogenous shocks, insufficient scale of family farming, persistent government support and consequential interest groups obstruct sustainable development of the agricultural sector as well as the generalization of East Asian experiences. Equality or inequality is essentially a policy choice in addition to being a long-term ex post evaluation of the reforms.
This paper examines the distinctive role of catalogues in the historiography of Chinese economic thought through an analysis of the bibliographies compiled by Tang Qingzeng. Combining traditional ...bibliography methods with influences from British and American economic circles, Tang offered reinterpretations of pre-Qin classics within the framework of the history of economic thought. He achieved this by producing annotated bibliographies, which served as pioneering works in the field during the early 20th century in China.
Traditional methods can only determine whether the surrounding rock mass goes into the plastic state but can not reflect the failure degree of the surrounding rock mass. However, in the practical ...engineering, some areas of the rock mass may be in critical failure state, or on the verge of failure, but does not fall in the state of plastic, then it is important to know the failure degree of the whole rock mass. This paper uses yield approaching index (YAI) to reflect the failure degree of the rock mass described by the nonlinear failure criterion JRC-JCS model. By derivation, YAI calculating formula is obtained in JRC-JCS model and YAI calculation program is built using Fish program in FLAC3D. Through numerical calculation of YAI in JRC-JCS model, an element in tunneFs rock mass is recorded, the effects of JRC and JCS on the YAI are obtained. The comparisons of YAI results and FLAC3D result verify the correctness of self-compiled yield approach index program and get a conclusion that the results of yield approach index program are superior to and more in line with actual engineering needs than the results of FLAC3D calculation.
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