Teacher professional development (PD) is seen as a promising intervention to improve teacher knowledge, instructional practice, and ultimately student learning. While research finds instances of ...significant program effects on teacher knowledge, little is known about how long these effects last. If teachers forget what is learned, the contribution of the intervention will be diminished. Using a large-scale data set, this study examines the sustainability of gains in teachers’ content knowledge for teaching mathematics (CKT-M). Results show that there is a negative rate of change in CKT after teachers complete the training, suggesting that the average score gain from the program is lost in just 37 days. There is, however, variation in how quickly knowledge is lost, with teachers participating in summer programs losing more rapidly than those who attend programs that occur during school years. The implications of these findings on designing and evaluating PD programs are discussed.
In order to evaluate the performance management level of the enterprise, it is necessary to use the Balanced Scorecard to establish the performance evaluation system of the enterprise. On the basis ...of pointing out the specific problems and deficiencies existing in the enterprise, suggestions for improving the performance level of the enterprise are put forward. Then, a detailed analysis of the performance evaluation of Company A is carried out. Through the analysis of various aspects of Company A’s performance, the problems and deficiencies in its performance evaluation are found. According to the specific problems of Company A, a performance evaluation system is designed based on the balanced scorecard. The Balanced Scorecard is a management tool for measuring performance in multiple dimensions. Starting from multiple aspects, scientifically combining strategic objectives with multiple dimensions, this management method not only is suitable for the current market environment, but also improves the company’s internal management system. Through the investigation of the company’s performance management, it is found that there is a problem in the company’s performance management. In view of the existing problems, the Balanced Scorecard of management accounting is used as a management tool to design a feasible performance appraisal plan for the company from the four dimensions of finance, customer, internal process, and learning and growth. Recommendations for full participation can be made for its implementation. The results show that the comprehensive score of Company A’s performance in 2022 is 70 points. It can be seen from the evaluation results that the financial performance evaluation level of the company is average. The company’s customer performance levels are average as well. The internal operation level of the enterprise is at a high level. The level of learning and growth performance of the business is very good. At the same time, according to the reliability test standard, the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire is 0.866, indicating that the reliability is acceptable.
A single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) possesses excellent hole conductivity. This work communicates an investigation of perovskite solar cells using a mesoscopic TiO2/Al2O3 structure as a framework ...in combination with a certain amount of SWCNT-doped graphite/carbon black counter electrode material. The CH3NH3PbI3-based device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 14.7% under AM 1.5G illumination. Detailed investigations show an increased charge collection in this device compared to that without the SWCNT additive.
Scutellaria (Lamiaceae), which includes approximately 360–469 accepted species, is widespread in Europe, North America, East Asia, and South America. Several species have a long history being used as ...traditional medicines to treat respiratory, peptic, neurological, and hepatic and gall diseases. The phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Scutellaria have been developed dramatically in the past ten years, and the traditional uses and clinical studies of the genus have not been systematically summarized. Therefore, it is especially valuable to review the current state of knowledge to provide a basis for further exploration of its medicinal potential.
The review aims to provide updated information on the ethnopharmacology, the ten-year research progress of phytochemistry and pharmacology, and clinical studies of Scutellaria and to explore the potential medicinal values and further studies of Scutellaria.
This review is based on published studies and books from the library and electronic sources, including SciFinder, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, the online ethnobotanical database, and ethnobotanical monographs. This literature is related to ethnopharmacology, the ten-year research progress on the phytochemistry and pharmacology, and clinical studies of Scutellaria.
A total of 50 species, 5 subspecies and 17 varieties of the genus Scutellaria are used as traditional medicine with various biological activities. In the past ten years, 208 chemical constituents have been identified from 16 species and 1 variety of the genus Scutellaria, such as neo-clerodane diterpenoids, sesterterpenoids, terpenoids, flavonoids. Pharmacological research has demonstrated that the extracts and compounds identified from this genus exhibit extensive biological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial activities, effects on cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases as well as hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects. The species S. baicalensis, S. barbata, and S. lateriflora and the main compounds baicalein, baicalin and wogonin are involved in clinical trials, which point the way for us to conduct further studies, such as study on the anticancer, antihypertensive, anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and other effects of Scutellaria.
The species included in the genus Scutellaria can be used to treat cancer, infection, hepatic disorders, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and other diseases. Some indications in traditional medicines have been confirmed by modern pharmacological studies, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-infective activity, and hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects. The available literature indicated that most of the bioactivities could be attributed to flavonoids and neo-clerodane diterpenoids. Although there are some uses of Scutellaria in clinical practice, the existing research on this genus is still limited. In order to expand the development of medicinal resources of Scutellaria, the already studied species in this genus are recommended for more comprehensive investigation on their active substances, pharmacological mechanisms, quality control, clinical use and new drug research. Additionally, it is necessary to study species that their chemical composition or pharmacological activity have not yet been investigated, especially those used in folk medicine.
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•SERS signal optimized highly roughened silver nanoparticle (AgNP) was synthesized.•25 °C calculated highest enhancement factor value of 1.39 × 106.•Solid phase extraction was ...implemented to remove pigment from the extract.•AgNP SERS sensor for sensing methomyl, acetamiprid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in tea.
Trace detection of toxic chemicals in foodstuffs is of great concern in recent years. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has drawn significant attention in the monitoring of food safety due to its high sensitivity. This study synthesized signal optimized flower-like silver nanoparticle-(AgNP) with EF at 25 °C of 1.39 × 106 to extend the SERS application for pesticide sensing in foodstuffs. The synthesized AgNP was deployed as SERS based sensing platform to detect methomyl, acetamiprid-(AC) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-(2,4-D) residue levels in green tea via solid-phase extraction. A linear correlation was twigged between the SERS signal and the concentration for methomyl, AC and 2,4-D with regression coefficient of 0.9974, 0.9956 and 0.9982 and limit of detection of 5.58 × 10−4, 1.88 × 10−4 and 4.72 × 10−3 µg/mL, respectively; the RSD value < 5% was recorded for accuracy and precision analysis suggesting that proposed method could be deployed for the monitoring of methomyl, AC and 2,4-D residue levels in green tea.
Habitat quality is an important indicator for assessing biodiversity and is critical to ecosystem processes. With urban development and construction in developing countries, habitat quality is ...increasingly influenced by landscape pattern changes. This has made habitat conservation to be an increasingly urgent issue. Despite the growing interest in this issue, studies that reveal the role of land use change in habitat degradation at multiple scales are still lacking. Therefore, we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of habitat quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir area by the InVEST habitat quality model and demonstrated the responses of habitat quality to various landscape dynamics by correspondence analysis. The result showed that the habitat quality score of this area increased from 0.685 in 2000 to 0.739 in 2015 and presented a significant spatial heterogeneity. Habitat quality was significantly higher in the northeastern and southwestern parts of the reservoir area than in other regions. Meanwhile, habitat quality improved with altitude and slope, and increased for all altitude and slope zones. The habitat quality of >1000 m and >25° zone exceeds 0.8, while the habitat quality of <500 m and <15° zone is less than 0.6. Habitat quality significantly varied among landscape dynamics and was extremely sensitive to vegetation recovery and urban expansion. The vegetation restoration model of returning farmland to forest is difficult to sustain, so we suggest changing the vegetation recovery model to constructing complex vegetation community. This study helps us to better understand the effects of landscape pattern changes on habitat quality and can provide a scientific basis for formulating regional ecological conservation policies and sustainable use of land resources.
Sugar metabolism plays an essential role in plant male reproduction. Defects in sugar metabolism during anther and pollen development often result in genic male sterility (GMS). In this review, we ...summarize the recent progresses of the sugar metabolism-related GMS genes and their roles during plant anther and pollen development, including callose wall and primexine formation, intine development, pollen maturation and starch accumulation, anther dehiscence, and pollen germination and tube growth. We predict 112 putative sugar metabolic GMS genes in maize based on bioinformatics and RNA-seq analyses, and most of them have peak expression patterns during middle or late anther developmental stages. Finally, we outline the potential applications of sugar metabolic GMS genes in crop hybrid breeding and seed production. This review will deepen our understanding on sugar metabolic pathways in controlling pollen development and male fertility in plants.
Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been attractive to scientific community due to its eco-friendliness, ease of fabrication, and vivid colorful property
. Among various kinds of sensitizers, such ...as metal-free organic molecules, metal-complex, natural dyes
., porphyrin is one of the most promising sensitizers for DSSC. The first application of porphyrin for sensitization of nanocrystaline TiO
can be traced back to 1993 by using tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrinato zinc(II) with an overall conversion efficiency of 2.6%. After 10 years efforts, Officer and Grätzel improved this value to 7.1%. Later in 2009, by constructing porphyrin sensitizer with an arylamine as donor and a benzoic acid as acceptor, Diau and Yeh demonstrated that this donor-acceptor framwork porphyrins could attain remarkable photovoltaic performance. Now the highest efficiencies of DSSC are dominated by donor-acceptor porphyrins, reaching remarkable values around 13.0% with cobalt-based electrolytes. This achievement is largely contributed by the structural development of donor and acceptor groups within push-pull framwork. In this review, we summarized and discussed the developement of donor-acceptor porphyrin sensitizers and their applications in DSSC. A dicussion of the correlation between molecular structure and the spectral and photovoltaic properties is the major target of this review. Deeply dicussion of the substitution group, especially on porphyrin's
-position were presented. Furthermore, the limitations of DSSC for commercialization, such as the long-term stability, sophisticated synthesis procedures for high efficiency dye etc., have also been discussed.
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