Two dimensional nanoarchitectures are of great interest in lithium storage for energy‐storage devices, in particular lithium‐ion batteries, due to its shortened paths for fast lithium ion diffusion ...and large exposed surface offering more lithium‐insertion channels. Their competitive lithium‐storage features provide huge potentials to develop next‐generation high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries. This review is devoted to the recent progress in the fabrication of innovative 2D structures with various synthetic strategies and their applications for lithium storage in lithium‐ion batteries. These 2D architectures are categorized into six styles, i.e., nanoporous nanosheets, ultrathin nanosheets, flower‐like structures assembled by nanosheets, sandwich‐like nanosheets, corrugated nanosheets, and nanosheets with specific facets. Based on the lithium‐storage manner, we further summerized their electrochemical performance for lithium storage with four classified themes including surface Li storage, zero or low‐strain Li storage, volume‐variation Li storage and synergic‐effect Li storage. Finally, the outlook and perspective on 2D lithium‐storage materials is concisely provided.
Inspired by nature, this review is devoted to the recent progress in the fabrication of novel 2D structures and their lithium‐storage performance. We herein present a comprehensive overview of six kinds of novel 2D nanostructures in view of their structures obtained with various synthetic strategies. Moreover, the lithium‐storage capabilities of 2D architectures are categorized by four themes based on the Li‐insertion method.
In instructional-learning contexts, the relationship between teacher verbal and non-verbal immediacy and student motivation has gained increasing attention. However, no systematic research has been ...done to review the empirical studies conducted on the impact of teacher immediacy on students' motivation. Hence, the aim of the present study was to systematically review the available literature on different types of teacher immediacy and student motivation. Some common databases were searched and 30 eligible manuscripts were identified. With regard to the key features of the included studies, the review's findings were categorized into different sections, namely “the measures of teacher immediacy employed,” “the measures of student motivation employed,” “designs,” and “educational contexts”. The main findings of the studies were also discussed. The reviewed studies pointed to positive associations between teacher immediacy and student motivation. Finally, limitations of the included studies are discussed and some practical directions for further research are offered, accordingly.
Since early December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused pneumonia epidemic in Wuhan, Hubei province of China. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the ...progression of pneumonia in COVID-19 patients. Associated results will be used to evaluate the prognosis and to find the optimal treatment regimens for COVID-19 pneumonia.
Patients tested positive for the COVID-19 based on nucleic acid detection were included in this study. Patients were admitted to 3 tertiary hospitals in Wuhan between December 30, 2019, and January 15, 2020. Individual data, laboratory indices, imaging characteristics, and clinical data were collected, and statistical analysis was performed. Based on clinical typing results, the patients were divided into a progression group or an improvement/stabilization group. Continuous variables were analyzed using independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were analyzed using Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors for disease progression.
Seventy-eight patients with COVID-19-induced pneumonia met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Efficacy evaluation at 2 weeks after hospitalization indicated that 11 patients (14.1%) had deteriorated, and 67 patients (85.9%) had improved/stabilized. The patients in the progression group were significantly older than those in the disease improvement/stabilization group (66 51, 70 vs. 37 32, 41 years, U = 4.932, P = 0.001). The progression group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with a history of smoking than the improvement/stabilization group (27.3% vs. 3.0%, χ = 9.291, P = 0.018). For all the 78 patients, fever was the most common initial symptom, and the maximum body temperature at admission was significantly higher in the progression group than in the improvement/stabilization group (38.2 37.8, 38.6 vs. 37.5 37.0, 38.4°C, U = 2.057, P = 0.027). Moreover, the proportion of patients with respiratory failure (54.5% vs. 20.9%, χ = 5.611, P = 0.028) and respiratory rate (34 18, 48 vs. 24 16, 60 breaths/min, U = 4.030, P = 0.004) were significantly higher in the progression group than in the improvement/stabilization group. C-reactive protein was significantly elevated in the progression group compared to the improvement/stabilization group (38.9 14.3, 64.8 vs. 10.6 1.9, 33.1 mg/L, U = 1.315, P = 0.024). Albumin was significantly lower in the progression group than in the improvement/stabilization group (36.62 ± 6.60 vs. 41.27 ± 4.55 g/L, U = 2.843, P = 0.006). Patients in the progression group were more likely to receive high-level respiratory support than in the improvement/stabilization group (χ = 16.01, P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that age (odds ratio OR, 8.546; 95% confidence interval CI: 1.628-44.864; P = 0.011), history of smoking (OR, 14.285; 95% CI: 1.577-25.000; P = 0.018), maximum body temperature at admission (OR, 8.999; 95% CI: 1.036-78.147, P = 0.046), respiratory failure (OR, 8.772, 95% CI: 1.942-40.000; P = 0.016), albumin (OR, 7.353, 95% CI: 1.098-50.000; P = 0.003), and C-reactive protein (OR, 10.530; 95% CI: 1.224-34.701, P = 0.028) were risk factors for disease progression.
Several factors that led to the progression of COVID-19 pneumonia were identified, including age, history of smoking, maximum body temperature at admission, respiratory failure, albumin, and C-reactive protein. These results can be used to further enhance the ability of management of COVID-19 pneumonia.
In this paper, the state estimation problem for discrete-time linear systems influenced by multiplicative and time-correlated additive measurement noises is considered where the multiplicative noises ...are zero-mean white noise sequences, and the time-correlated additive noise is described by a linear system model with white noise. An optimal linear estimator for the system under consideration is proposed, which does not require computing the inverse of state transition matrix. The proposed estimator has a recursive structure, and has time-independent computation and storage load. Computer simulations are carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed estimator. The simulation results show the superiority of the proposed estimator.
In this note, the filtering problem for discrete-time linear systems with time-correlated multiplicative measurement noises is considered where the vector consisting of all the multiplicative ...measurement noises can be described by a linear system model with white noise. By introducing several new recursive terms, a novel algorithm for optimal filtering of the system under consideration is proposed in the sense of linear minimum mean-square error. The proposed algorithm is recursive and has time-independent complexity. Computer simulations are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
The study investigated the treatment and prognosis of advanced-stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL). With a median follow-up of 75.03 months, the median overall survival (mOS) for ...the 195 newly diagnosed stage III/IV ENKTL patients was 19.43 months, and estimated 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year OS were 59.5%, 46.3%, 41.8% and 35.1%, respectively. Chemotherapy (CT) + radiotherapy (RT) compared to CT alone (P = .007), and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) compared to non-HSCT (P < .001), both improved OS. For patients ≤60 years and ineligible for HSCT, other therapies with complete remission led to comparable OS (P = .141). Nine patients ever treated with chidamide achieved a median progression-free survival (mPFS) and mOS of 53.63 (range, 3.47-92.33) and 54.80 (range, 5.50-95.70) months, and four with chidamide maintenance therapy (MT) achieved a mPFS and mOS of 55.83 (range, 53.27-92.33) and 60.65 (range, 53.70-95.70) months, possibly providing an alternative option for non-HSCT patients. Non-anthracycline (ANT)- compared to ANT-, asparaginase (Aspa)- compared to non-Aspa- and gemcitabine (Gem)- compared to non-Gem-based regimens, prolonged PFS (P = .031; P = .005; P = .009) and OS (P = .010; P = .086; P = .003), respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that Gem-based regimens improved PFS (HR = 0.691, P = .061) and OS (HR = 0.624, P = .037). Gem + Aspa combinations slightly improved PFS and OS compared to regimens containing Gem or Aspa alone (P > 0.05). First-line "intensive therapy," including CT (particularly Gem + Aspa regimens), RT, HSCT and alternative chidamide MT, was proposed and could improve long-term survival for advanced-stage ENKTLs. Ongoing prospective clinical studies may shed further light on the value of chidamide MT.
Molecules containing a sulfonyl functionality, such as sulfones, sulfonyl chlorides or sulfonamides play an important role in organic chemistry and have found widespread application, especially in ...the construction of biologically active compounds. Recently, methods for the synthesis of the sulfonyl moiety utilizing sulfur dioxide as a key building block have received considerable attention. In this context, radical‐based transformations with sulfur dioxide have emerged as a new and attractive approach for the construction of the sulfonyl functional group. This short review highlights recent advances in the use of sulfur dioxide in radical reactions and covers the historical background, which forms the basis for these current progresses. Limitations of the existing methods and potential further developments will be discussed.
Mother Nature′s SO2: Radical‐based transformations with sulfur dioxide have emerged as attractive new tool for the synthesis of sulfones, sulfonamides or sulfonyl chlroides. This minireview covers the historical background and recent progress in this area.
This paper aims to solve the last-mile distribution of rural e-commerce logistics (RECL) for the survival of third-party logistics enterprise. Considering the features of the RECL (long transport ...chain and low consumption density), A route optimization model is constructed for RECL's last-mile distribution to maximize the profit of the logistics enterprise, which is subsidized by the government. To solve the model, the ant colony optimization (ACO) was improved to suit the RECL's last-mile distribution by modifying the heuristic information, the update rule of pheromone, and the solution construction. Next, the optimal combinations of the default parameters in the improved ACO were determined through Matlab tests on five test datasets in different sizes. The other parameters were configured according to the scale of the RECL. On this basis, the improved ACO was proved effective through example analysis on the said test datasets. The analysis results also reflect how the number of vehicles affects the maximum profit of the logistics enterprise and the coverage of the RECL logistics network.
For many regenerative electrochemical energy‐conversion systems, hybrid electrocatalysts comprising transition metal (TM) oxides and heteroatom‐doped (e.g., nitrogen‐doped) carbonaceous materials are ...promising bifunctional oxygen reduction reaction/oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts, whose enhanced electrocatalytic activities are attributed to the synergistic effect originated from the TM–N–C active sites. However, it is still ambiguous which configuration of nitrogen dopants, either pyridinic or pyrrolic N, when bonded to the TM in oxides, predominately contributes to the synergistic effect. Herein, an innovative strategy based on laser irradiation is described to controllably tune the relative concentrations of pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen dopants in the hybrid catalyst, i.e., NiCo2O4 NPs/N‐doped mesoporous graphene. Comparative studies reveal the dominant role of pyridinic‐NCo bonding, instead of pyrrolic‐N bonding, in synergistically promoting reversible oxygen electrocatalysis. Moreover, density functional theory calculations provide deep insights into the corresponding synergistic mechanism. The optimized hybrid, NiCo/NLG‐270, manifests outstanding reversible oxygen electrocatalytic activities, leading to an overpotential different ΔE among the lowest value for highly efficient bifunctional catalysts. In a practical reversible Zn–air battery, NiCo/NLG‐270 exhibits superior charge/discharge performance and long‐term durability compared to the noble metal electrocatalysts.
An innovative strategy based on laser irradiation is developed to selectively regulate relative contents of pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen in NiCo2O4/N‐graphene hybrids. Strong chemical bonding forms between nitrogen and cobalt, and pyridinic‐NCo bonds, instead of pyrrolic‐NCo bonds, are identified to predominantly contribute to synergistic catalysis, leading to substantially enhanced oxygen electrocatalytic activities, outperforming a combination of benchmark noble metal catalysts.
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