Fifteen transcription factors in the CAMTA (calmodulin binding transcription activator) family of soybean were reported to differentially regulate in multiple stresses; however, their functional ...analyses had not yet been attempted. To characterize their role in stresses, we first comprehensively analyzed the
family in silico and thereafter determined their expression pattern under drought. The bioinformatics analysis revealed multiple stress-related
-regulatory elements including
,
,
and
, 10 unique miRNA (microRNA) targets in
transcripts and 48 proteins in GmCAMTAs' interaction network. We then cloned the 2769 bp CDS (coding sequence) of
in an expression vector and overexpressed in soybean and Arabidopsis through
-mediated transformation. The T3 (Transgenic generation 3) stably transformed homozygous lines of Arabidopsis exhibited enhanced tolerance to drought in soil as well as on MS (Murashige and Skoog) media containing mannitol. In their drought assay, the average survival rate of transgenic Arabidopsis lines OE5 and OE12 (Overexpression Line 5 and Line 12) was 83.66% and 87.87%, respectively, which was ~30% higher than that of wild type. In addition, the germination and root length assays as well as physiological indexes such as proline and malondialdehyde contents, catalase activity and leakage of electrolytes affirmed the better performance of OE lines. Similarly,
overexpression in soybean promoted drought-efficient hairy roots in OE chimeric plants as compare to that of VC (Vector control). In parallel, the improved growth performance of OE in Hoagland-PEG (polyethylene glycol) and on MS-mannitol was revealed by their phenotypic, physiological and molecular measures. Furthermore, with the overexpression of
, the downstream genes including
,
,
and
were upregulated in Arabidopsis. Likewise, in soybean hairy roots,
,
and
were significantly upregulated as a result of
overexpression and majority of these upregulated genes in both plants possess CAMTA binding
motif in their promoters. Taken together, we report that
plays substantial role in tolerance of soybean against drought stress and could prove to be a novel candidate for engineering soybean and other plants against drought stress. Some research gaps were also identified for future studies to extend our comprehension of
-mediated stress regulatory mechanisms.
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is widely distributed in the nervous system, is involved in regulating a variety of biological processes, including food intake, energy metabolism, and emotional ...expression. However, emerging evidence points to NPY also as a critical transmitter between the nervous system and immune system, as well as a mediator produced and released by immune cells.
and
studies based on gene-editing techniques and specific NPY receptor agonists and antagonists have demonstrated that NPY is responsible for multifarious direct modulations on immune cells by acting on NPY receptors. Moreover, via the central or peripheral nervous system, NPY is closely connected to body temperature regulation, obesity development, glucose metabolism, and emotional expression, which are all immunomodulatory factors for the immune system. In this review, we focus on the direct role of NPY in immune cells and particularly discuss its indirect impact on the immune response.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe traumatic disease of the central nervous system, with a global prevalence of 236-4187 per million people. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety and ...efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating patients with SCI as well as the optimal source and transplantation method of MSCs. PubMed, OVID, Cochrane, Web of Science, and China Biomedical Database were searched up until April 01, 2021. The study was conducted for five endpoints: American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor and sensory score, ASIA grade improvement, Barthel Index (BI), and adverse reactions. Standard meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were performed using Stata 14.0. Eighteen studies with a total of 949 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. Standard meta-analysis showed that MSCs significantly improved ASIA motor score (P < 0.001), sensory score (P < 0.001), ASIA grade (P < 0.001), and BI (P < 0.001) compared to rehabilitation. In addition, in the network meta-analysis, autologous MSCs significantly improved the ASIA motor MD = 8.01, 95% CI (4.27, 11.76), sensory score MD = 17.98, 95% CI (10.04, 25.91), and BI MD = 7.69, 95% CI (2.10, 13.29) compared to rehabilitation. Similarly, compared to rehabilitation, intrathecal injection (IT) of MSCs significantly improved the ASIA motor MD = 7.97, 95% CI (4.40, 11.53) and sensory score MD = 19.60, 95% CI (9.74, 29.46). Compared to rehabilitation, however, only the IL of MSCs was associated with more adverse reactions OR = 17.82, 95% CI (2.48, 128.22). According to the results of SUCRA, both autologous MSCs and IT transplantation approaches most improved the neurological function in SCI patients. Cell transplantation using MSCs is effective in patients with SCI and IT of autologous MSCs may be more beneficial.
Objectives
Evidences demonstrate that sorafenib alleviates liver fibrosis via inhibiting HSC activation and ECM accumulation. The underlying mechanism remains unclear. Ferroptosis, a novel programmed ...cell death, regulates diverse physiological/pathological processes. In this study, we aim to investigate the functional role of HSC ferroptosis in the anti‐fibrotic effect of sorafenib.
Materials and Methods
The effects of sorafenib on HSC ferroptosis and ECM expression were assessed in mouse model of liver fibrosis induced by CCl4. In vitro, Fer‐1 and DFO were used to block ferroptosis and then explored the anti‐fibrotic effect of sorafenib by detecting α‐SMA, COL1α1 and fibronectin proteins. Finally, HIF‐1α siRNA, plasmid and stabilizers were applied to assess related signalling pathway.
Results
Sorafenib attenuated liver injury and ECM accumulation in CCl4‐induced fibrotic livers, accompanied by reduction of SLC7A11 and GPX4 proteins. In sorafenib‐treated HSC‐T6 cells, ferroptotic events (depletion of SLC7A11, GPX4 and GSH; accumulation iron, ROS and MDA) were discovered. Intriguingly, these ferroptotic events were not appeared in hepatocytes or macrophages. Sorafenib‐elicited HSC ferroptosis and ECM reduction were abrogated by Fer‐1 and DFO. Additionally, both HIF‐1α and SLC7A11 proteins were reduced in sorafenib‐treated HSC‐T6 cells. SLC7A11 was positively regulated by HIF‐1α, inactivation of HIF‐1α/SLC7A11 pathway was required for sorafenib‐induced HSC ferroptosis, and elevation of HIF‐1α could inhibit ferroptosis, ultimately limited the anti‐fibrotic effect.
Conclusions
Sorafenib triggers HSC ferroptosis via HIF‐1α/SLC7A11 signalling, which in turn attenuates liver injury and fibrosis.
Sorafenib triggers hepatic stellate cell ferroptosis by inhibiting the HIF‐1α/SLC7A11 pathway to attenuate liver fibrosis. Treatment with sorafenib induces a decrease of HIF‐1α, which in turn reduces SLC7A11 expression in HSCs. Then leads to GPX4, GSH depletion and ROS excess, and ultimately induces HSC ferroptosis and ECM reduction.
Soybean is one of the most widely grown oilseed crops worldwide. Several unfavorable factors, including salt and salt-alkali stress caused by soil salinization, affect soybean yield and quality. ...Therefore, exploring the molecular basis of salt tolerance in plants and developing genetic resources for genetic breeding is important. Sucrose non-fermentable protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) belongs to a class of Ser/Thr protein kinases that are evolutionarily highly conserved direct homologs of yeast SNF1 and animal AMPKs and are involved in various abiotic stresses in plants. The
gene was experimentally shown to be involved with salinity tolerance. First, using the yeast two-hybrid technique and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) technique, the GmSNF1 protein was shown to interact with the GmPKS4 protein. Second, the
gene responded positively to salt and salt-alkali stress according to qRT-PCR analysis, and the GmSNF1 protein was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm using subcellular localization assay. The
gene was then heterologously expressed in yeast, and the
gene was tentatively identified as having salt and salt-alkali tolerance function. Finally, the salt-alkali tolerance function of the
gene was demonstrated by transgenic
, soybean hairy root complex plants overexpressing
and
gene-silenced soybean using VIGS. These results indicated that
might be useful in genetic engineering to improve plant salt and salt-alkali tolerance.
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) is an enzyme that plays a pivotal role in abiotic and biotic stress responses in plants by transforming the diacylglycerol into phosphatidic acid. However, there is no ...report on the characterization of soybean
genes in spite of the availability of the soybean genome sequence. In this study, we performed genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of the
gene family in the soybean genome. We identified 12
genes (namely
) which all contained conserved catalytic domains with protein lengths and molecular weights ranging from 436 to 727 amino acids (aa) and 48.62 to 80.93 kDa, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses grouped
genes into three clusters-cluster I, cluster II, and cluster III-which had three, four, and five genes, respectively. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed significant
gene expression levels in both leaves and roots coping with polyethylene glycol (PEG), salt, alkali, and salt/alkali treatments. This work provides the first characterization of the
gene family in soybean and suggests their importance in soybean response to abiotic stress. These results can serve as a guide for future studies on the understanding and functional characterization of this gene family.
Wogonoside (WG) is a flavonoid chemical component extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, which exerts therapeutic effects on liver diseases. Ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, ...regulates diverse physiological/pathological processes. In this study, we attempted to investigate a novel mechanism by which WG mitigates liver fibrosis by inducing ferroptosis in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). A CCl4‐induced mouse liver fibrosis model and a rat HSC line were employed for in vivo and in vitro experiments, both treated with WG. Firstly, the levels of the fibrotic markers α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and α1(I)collagen (COL1α1) were effectively decreased by WG in CCl4‐induced mice and HSC‐T6 cells. Additionally, mitochondrial condensation and mitochondrial ridge breakage were observed in WG‐treated HSC‐T6 cells. Furthermore, ferroptotic events including depletion of SLC7A11, GPX4 and GSH, and accumulation of iron, ROS and MDA were discovered in WG‐treated HSC‐T6 cells. Intriguingly, these ferroptotic events did not appear in hepatocytes or macrophages. WG‐elicited HSC ferroptosis and ECM reduction were dramatically abrogated by ferrostatin‐1 (Fer‐1), a ferroptosis inhibitor. Importantly, our results confirm that SOCS1/P53/SLC7A11 is a signaling pathway which promotes WG attenuation of liver fibrosis. On the contrary, WG mitigated liver fibrosis and inducted HSC‐T6 cell ferroptosis were hindered by SOCS1 siRNA and pifithrin‐α (PFT‐α). These findings demonstrate that SOCS1/P53/SLC7A11‐mediated HSC ferroptosis is associated with WG alleviating liver fibrosis, which provides a new clue for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Sneezing is a common and protective reflex because of nasal irritation, while it is not a common symptom in neurological practice. Bilateral vertebral artery dissection (VAD) related to paroxysmal ...sneezing rarely reported. The association of dorsolateral medulla syndrome (LMS) with sneezing has not been confirmed in humans. There have been reports that paroxysmal sneezing can b e an initial symptom of LMS. In this report, we describe a case to confirm the concept that the paroxysmal sneezing should be interpreted as the cause rather than the initial symptom of LMS, and to indicate that the VAD caused by sneezing is the cause of LMS.
•The paroxysmal sneezing should be interpreted as the cause rather than the initial symptom of LMS.•Bilateral vertebral artery dissection (VAD) related to paroxysmal sneezing rarely reported.•Sudden paroxysmal sneezing with acute neurological deficits should indicate the possibility of carotid artery dissection.•Physicians should be alert to paroxysmal sneezing with neurological deficits in order to recognize ischemic stroke early.
The western borderland between Yunnan Province, China, and Myanmar is characterized by a climate that facilitates year-round production of mosquitoes. Numerous mosquito-transmitted viruses, including ...Japanese encephalitis virus circulate in this area. This project was to describe seasonal patterns in mosquito species abundance and arbovirus activity in the mosquito populations.
Mosquitoes were collected in Mangshi and Ruili cities of Dehong Prefecture near the border of China and Burma in Yunnan Province, the Peoples Republic of China in 2010. We monitored mosquito species abundance for a 12-month period using ultraviolet light, carbon dioxide baited CDC light and gravid traps; and tested the captured mosquitoes for the presence of virus to evaluate mosquito-virus associations in rural/agricultural settings in the area.
A total of 43 species of mosquitoes from seven genera were collected, including 15 Culex species, 15 Anopheles spp., four Aedes spp., three Armigeres spp., one Mimomyia spp., two Uranotaenia spp. and three Mansonia spp.. Species richness and diversity varied between Mangshi and Ruili. Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles peditaeniatus were the most abundant species in both sampling sites. Ultraviolet light traps collected more specimens than CDC light traps baited with dry ice, though both collected the same variety of mosquito species. The CDC gravid trap was the most effective trap for capture of Culex quinquefasciatus, a species underrepresented in light trap collections. A total of 26 virus strains were isolated, which included 13 strains of Japanese encephalitis virus, four strains of Getah virus, one strain of Oya virus, one strain from the orbivirus genus, and seven strains of Culex pipien pallens densovirus.
The present study illustrates the value of monitoring mosquito populations and mosquito-transmitted viruses year-round in areas where the climate supports year-round adult mosquito activity.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
The latest clinical trials have reported conflicting outcomes regarding the effectiveness of xenon anesthesia in preventing postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction; thus, this study ...assessed the existing evidence. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from inception to April 9, 2023, for randomized controlled trials of xenon anesthesia in postoperative patients. We included English-language randomized controlled studies of adult patients undergoing surgery with xenon anesthesia that compared its effects to those of other anesthetics. Duplicate studies, pediatric studies, and ongoing clinical trials were excluded. Nine studies with 754 participants were identified. A forest plot revealed that the incidence of postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction did not differ between the xenon anesthesia and control groups (
P
= 0.43). Additionally, xenon anesthesia significantly shortened the emergence time for time to opening eyes (
P
< 0.001), time to extubation (
P
< 0.001), time to react on demand (
P
= 0.01), and time to time and spatial orientation (
P
= 0.04). However, the Aldrete score significantly increased with xenon anesthesia (
P
= 0.005). Postoperative complications did not differ between the anesthesia groups. Egger’s test for bias showed no small-study effect, and a trim-and-fill analysis showed no apparent publication bias. In conclusion, xenon anesthesia probably did not affect the occurrence of postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction. However, xenon anesthesia may effectively shorten the emergence time of certain parameters without adverse effects.
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