Manipulating nanowire assembly could help the design of hierarchical structures with unique functionalities. Herein, we first report a facile solution‐based process under ambient conditions for ...co‐assembling two kinds of nanowires which have suitable composition and functionalities, such as Ag and Te nanowires, for the fabrication of flexible transparent electrodes. Then Te nanowires can be etched away easily, leaving Ag nanowire networks with controllable pitch. By manipulating the assembly of Ag and Te nanowires, we can precisely tailor and balance the optical transmittance and the conductivity of the resulting flexible transparent electrodes. The network of Ag nanowires which have tunable pitch forms a flexible transparent conducting electrode with an averaged transmission of up to 97.3 % and sheet resistances as low as 2.7 Ω/sq under optimized conditions. The work provides a new way for tailoring the properties of nanowire‐based devices.
Nano networking: Silver nanowires and Te nanowires are co‐assembled by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. Etching away the Te nanowires leaves Ag nanowire networks in which the spacing between the Ag wires is controlled by the Te nanowires. By manipulating the spacing between nanowires the optical transparency and electrical conductivity of flexible Ag nanowire electrodes can be precisely tailored.
The endothelium is a single layer of epithelium covering the surface of the vascular system, and it represents a physical barrier between the blood and vessel wall that plays an important role in ...maintaining intravascular homeostasis. However, endothelial dysfunction or endothelial cell death can cause vascular barrier disruption, vasoconstriction and diastolic dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, inflammatory responses, and thrombosis, which are closely associated with the progression of several diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, ischemic stroke, acute lung injury, acute kidney injury, diabetic retinopathy, and Alzheimer’s disease. Oxidative stress caused by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important mechanism underlying endothelial cell death. Growing evidence suggests that ROS can trigger endothelial cell death in various ways, including pyroptosis, parthanatos, and ferroptosis. Therefore, this review will systematically illustrate the source of ROS in endothelial cells (ECs); reveal the molecular mechanism by which ROS trigger pyroptosis, parthanatos, and ferroptosis in ECs; and provide new ideas for the research and treatment of endothelial dysfunction-related diseases.
Metastatic breast cancer may be resistant to chemo‐immunotherapy due to the existence of cancer stem cells (CSC). Also, the control of particle size and drug release of a drug carrier for multidrug ...combination is a key issue influencing the therapy effect. Here, a cocktail strategy is reported, in which chemotherapy against both bulk tumor cells and CSC and immune checkpoint blockade therapy are intergraded into one drug delivery system. The chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel (PTX), the anti‐CSC agent thioridazine (THZ), and the PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor HY19991 (HY) are all incorporated into an enzyme/pH dual‐sensitive nanoparticle with a micelle–liposome double‐layer structure. The particle size shrinks when the nanoparticle transfers from circulation to tumor tissues, favoring both pharmacokinetics and cellular uptake, meanwhile achieving sequential drug release where needed. This nano device, named PM@THL, increases the intratumoral drug concentrations in mice and exhibits significant anticancer efficacy, with tumor inhibiting rate of 93.45% and lung metastasis suppression rate of 97.64%. It also reduces the proportion of CSC and enhances the T cells infiltration in tumor tissues, and thus prolongs the survival of mice. The cocktail therapy based on the spatio‐temporally controlled nano device will be a promising strategy for treating breast cancer.
An enzyme/pH dual‐sensitive nanoparticle with a micelle–liposome double‐layer structure, named PM@THL, shows spatio‐temporally controlled particle size and drug release when applied for breast cancer therapy. PM@THL intergrades immune checkpoint blockade therapy and chemotherapy against both bulk tumor cells and cancer stem cells, and exhibits significant anticancer and lung metastasis suppression efficacy.
The recently discovered plastic/ductile inorganic thermoelectric (TE) materials open a new avenue for the fabrication of high‐efficiently flexible TE devices, which can utilize the small temperature ...difference between human body and environment to generate electricity. However, the maximum power factor (PF) of current plastic/ductile TE materials is usually around or less than 10 µW cm−1 K−2, much lower than the classic brittle TE materials. In this work, a record‐high PF of 18.0 µW cm−1 K−2 at 375 K in plastic/ductile bulk SnSe2‐based crystals is reported, superior to all the plastic inorganic TE materials and flexible organic TE materials reported before. The origin of such high PF is from the modulation of material's stacking forms and polymorph crystal structures via simultaneously doping Cl/Br at Se‐site and intercalating Cu inside the van der Waals gap, leading to the significantly enhanced carrier concentrations and mobilities. An in‐plane fully flexible TE device made of the plastic/ductile SnSe2‐based crystals is successfully developed to show a record‐high normalized maximum power density to 0.18 W m−1 under a temperature difference of 30 K. This work indicates that the plastic/ductile material can realize high TE power factor to achieve large output electric power density in flexible TE technology.
In this work, a power factor of 18.0 µW cm−1 K−2 in plastic/ductile bulk SnSe2‐based crystals is reported. The origin of such high power factor is from the modulation of material's stacking forms and polymorph crystal structures via simultaneously doping Cl/Br at Se‐site and intercalating Cu inside the van der Waals gap, which significantly enhances the carrier concentration and mobility.
A S-N co-doped CoFe
2
O
4
@rGO@TiO
2
(CFGT-S/N) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized
via
a facile vapor-thermal method. XRD, XPS, FT-IR and FETEM results confirmed that N and S were co-doped ...into the lattice of TiO
2
. Photocatalytic tests indicated that CFGT-S/N exhibited excellent UV-Vis photocatalytic activity for decompositions of different organic dyes, including methyl orange (MO), rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB). Particularly, the photocatalytic degradation rate of MO was about 33% higher than that when using P25 under visible light irradiation. The higher UV-Vis light photocatalytic activity of CFGT-S/N can be attributed to the synergetic effects of the strong absorption of visible light, the narrow band gap, improved separation of photo-generated electron/hole pairs, and the enhancement of the enrichment of pollutant dye molecules by S, N co-doping, CoFe
2
O
4
and rGO. Moreover, this photocatalyst was superparamagnetic, which enables it to be easily recovered by an external magnetic field, and maintained stable photocatalytic efficiency over five cycles. Hence, CFGT-S/N with its highly efficient, recoverable and stable photocatalytic properties shows great potential for environmental treatment.
A magnetic recoverable S-N co-doped CoFe
2
O
4
@rGO@TiO
2
(CFGT-S/N) nanocomposite was synthesized
via
a facile vapor-thermal method. CFGT-S/N is an excellent UV-Vis photocatalyst because of the synergetic effects of S, N co-doping, the introduction of CoFe
2
O
4
and rGO.
We conducted an investigation of Borrelia miyamotoi infections in humans and ticks in northeastern China. Of 984 patients reporting recent tick bites, 14 (1.4%) were found to be infected with B. ...miyamotoi by PCR and genomic sequencing. The 14 patients had nonspecific febrile manifestations, including fever, headache, anorexia, asthenia, and arthralgia. Rash, eschar, and regional lymphadenopathy were each observed in 1 patient. Four (28.6%) patients were hospitalized because of severe disease. B. miyamotoi was detected in 3.0% (19/627) of Ixodes persulcatus, 1 (2.8%) of 36 Haemaphysalis concinna, and none of 29 Dermacentor silvarum ticks. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of a nearly entire 16s rRNA gene, a partial flagellin gene, and the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase gene revealed that B. miyamotoi identified in patients and ticks were clustered in the group of the Siberian type. These findings indicate that B. miyamotoi is endemic in northeastern China and its public health significance deserves further investigation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol nucleation contributes to approximately half of the worldwide cloud condensation nuclei. Despite the importance of climate, detailed nucleation mechanisms are still ...poorly understood. Understanding aerosol nucleation dynamics is hindered by the nonreactivity of force fields (FFs) and high computational costs due to the rare event nature of aerosol nucleation. Developing reactive FFs for nucleation systems is even more challenging than developing covalently bonded materials because of the wide size range and high dimensional characteristics of noncovalent hydrogen bonding bridging clusters. Here, we propose a general workflow that is also applicable to other systems to train an accurate reactive FF based on a deep neural network (DNN) and further bridge DNN-FF-based molecular dynamics (MD) with a cluster kinetics model based on Poisson distributions of reactive events to overcome the high computational costs of direct MD. We found that previously reported acid-base formation rates tend to be significantly underestimated, especially in polluted environments, emphasizing that acid-base nucleation observed in multiple environments should be revisited.
Colonization of Trichoderma spp. is essential for exerting their beneficial functions on the plant. However, the interactions between Trichoderma spp. and plant roots are still not completely ...understood. The aim of this study was to investigate how TgSWO affect Trichoderma guizhouense to establish themselves in the plant rhizosphere and promote plant growth. In this study, we deeply analyzed the molecular mechanism by which the functional characterization of the TgSWO by expressing different functional region deletion proteins (FRDP) of TgSWO.
Root scanning analysis results showed that TgSWO could dramatically increase root density and promote growth. In addition, we also found that TgSWO could expand root cell walls, subsequently increase root colonization. Moreover, knockout of TgSWO mutants (KO) or overexpression of TgSWO mutants (OE) produced greatly reduced or increased the number of cucumber root, respectively. To clarify the molecular mechanism of TgSWO in plant-growth-promotion, we analyzed the ability of different FRDP to expand the root cell wall. The root cell wall architecture were considerably altered when treated by ΔCBD protein (the TgSWO gene of lacking in the CBD domain was cloned and heterologously expressed), in correlation with the present YoaJ domain of TgSWO. In contrast, neither the expansion of cell walls nor the increase of roots was detectable in ΔYoaJ protein.
Our results emphasize the YoaJ domain is the most critical functional area of TgSWO during the alteration of cell wall architecture. Simultaneously, the results obtained in this study also indicate that TgSWO might play a plant-growth-promotion role in the Trichoderma-plant interactions by targeting the root cell wall.
Au@RhPd ultrathin nanowires are designed as a highly reactive and selective catalyst for the hydrogenation of phenol under ambient conditions. Au NWs modulate the electronic state of Rh atoms to ...enhance the adsorption of phenol and desorption of cyclohexanone. Pd works as a cocatalyst to activate H
2
to H* and spillover to Rh sites. This new catalyst shows a turnover frequency of up to 560 h
−1
for a wide spectrum of phenols with >80% selectivity toward cyclohexanones.
Bimetallic Au@Rh catalysts with modulated electronic states by the underlying Au core showed satisfactory performance in the selective hydrogenation of phenols toward cyclohexanones compared with monometallic Rh nanoparticle catalysts.
The kinetics of electrode reactions including mass transfer and surface reaction is essential in electrocatalysis, as it strongly determines the apparent reaction rates, especially on nanostructured ...electrocatalysts. However, important challenges still remain in optimizing the kinetics of given catalysts with suitable constituents, morphology, and crystalline design to maximize the electrocatalytic performances. We propose a comprehensive kinetic model coupling mass transfer and surface reaction on the nanocatalyst-modified electrode surface to explore and shed light on the kinetic optimization in electrocatalysis. Moreover, a theory-guided microchemical engineering (MCE) strategy has been demonstrated to rationally redesign the catalysts with optimized kinetics. Experimental measurements for methanol oxidation reaction in a 3D ordered channel with tunable channel sizes confirm the calculation prediction. Under the optimized channel size, mass transfer and surface reaction in the channeled microreactor are both well regulated. This MCE strategy will bring about a significant leap forward in structured catalyst design and kinetic modulation.
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