Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common kidney disorder that affects public health and the incidence of AKI. Sepsis, acute ischemia or hypoxia is the main reason for the occurrence of AKI. Recently, ...noncoding RNA that include microRNA and long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) were reported to play important roles in AKI as well as have the potential to serve as a biomarker or therapeutic target for the development of the diagnostic and prognostic strategies of AKI. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the expression and biological function of lncRNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) in ischemia‐induced AKI in patients' sample and in vitro. The expressions of NEAT1 and miR‐27a‐3p in ischemia/reperfusion‐induced AKI patients were examined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cell injury was induced by treatment of human kidney tubular cells (HK‐2) with CoCl2. After treatment, the influences of NEAT1 and miR‐27a‐3p on the cell apoptosis in the CoCl2‐stimulated HK‐2 were tested by flow cytometry. The flow analysis results showed that the expression of NEAT1 was markedly higher in the ischemia‐induced AKI patients compared with normal control. Moreover, repression the expression of NEAT1 decreased CoCl2‐induced injury in HK‐2. The expression of miR‐27a‐3p was negatively regulated by NEAT1. Inhibition the expression of NEAT1 attenuated overexpression of miR‐27a‐3p enhanced CoCl2‐induced injury. In summary, an ischemia‐induced injury may be enhanced by a high level of NEAT1 through targeting miR‐27a‐3p. Thus, NEAT1 has the potential to be explored as a biomarker for diagnosis and target for therapeutic strategies in ischemia‐induced AKI.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common kidney disorder that affects public health and the incidence of AKI. Sepsis, acute ischemia or hypoxia are the main reason for the occurrence of AKI. Recently, noncoding RNA that include microRNA and long noncoding RNA was reported to play important roles in AKI which have the potential to serve as a biomarker or therapeutic target for the diagnosis and prognosis of AKI. This study aimed to explore the expression and biological role of long noncoding RNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) in ischemia‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients' sample and in vitro. Upregulation of NEAT1 may aggravate the ischemia‐induced injury by targeting miR‐27a‐3p. NEAT1 may serve as an important diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in ischemia‐induced AKI.
In abrasive belt rail grinding, understanding the abrasive belt wear mechanisms is important for improving grinding accuracy and abrasive belt service life. Taking a single ceramic grit in a stable ...grinding state as an example, this study investigated the critical transition conditions and recognition methods between the different wear modes. Based on the crack growth equation, the critical transition condition from abrasion to fracture was modeled by calculating the stress around the cracks hiding in the grit tip. The transition condition between fracture and pull-off was determined by comparing the external stress around the grit root and the bonding strength of the resin binder. These critical conditions were verified by single grit scratching experiments and the improved Sc wear map method.
•Two recognition models to distinguish abrasive belt wear modes were established.•Critical condition from abrasion to fracture was given by crack growth equation.•Critical condition from fracture to pull off was related to grits' root stress.•An improved wear map was given to visualize and project the belt wear transition.
PVC-g-PPEGMA/PTFEMA graft copolymer membrane with fouling-resistant (PPEGMA) and fouling-release (PTFEMA) properties exhibited efficient and long-time stable antifouling performance.
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...•The amphiphilic PVC-g-PPEGMA/PTFEMA graft copolymer membranes were preprared.•The surface and filtration properties were optimized via the forced self-assembly.•The optimized graft copolymer membranes exhibited excellent antifouling property.•The optimized graft copolymer membranes showed the long-time hydrophilic stability.
Inspired of the synergistic effect of the antifouling performance of hydrophilic substance and the self-cleaning function of low surface energy material, we designed and synthesized a kind of macromolecule amphiphilic graft copolymer by the free radical polymerization, which used polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the main chains, poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) as the hydrophilic segment and trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) as the low surface energy segment. Then, the amphiphilic PVC-g-PPEGMA/PTFEMA graft copolymer membrane was successfully prepared via surface segregation through the phase inversion process and was further optimized via the forced self-assembly through annealing treatments. The results showed that the PPEGMA chain segments migrated on the membrane surface which driven the PTFEMA chain segments to enrich on the membrane surface during the annealing process, meanwhile, annealing treatment promoted the local microphase separation and improved the mean pore size and the porosity. Based on the synergistic effect of hydrophilic and low surface energy segments, the PVC-g-PPEGMA/PTFEMA graft copolymer membrane obtained the maximum pure water flux of 510.69 ± 16.28 L∙m−2∙h−1, flux recovery rate of 91.49% and rejection rate of 99.31% in the BSA filtration process, which also revealed significantly antifouling properties. More importantly, the PVC-g-PPEGMA/PTFEMA copolymer membrane exhibited long-time hydrophilic stability, which could extend its potential service life.
•China's offshore raft and cage aquaculture areas were extracted in 2018, with an accuracy of 87 %.•Offshore aquaculture areas were mostly distributed in estuaries, harbors, and islands.•Raft ...aquaculture is mostly distributed in the northern and central coasts of China.•Cage aquaculture is mostly distributed in the southern coasts of China.•The difference is mainly caused by satellite image phases and statistical errors.
Based on Landsat 8 remote sensing images, a combination of an unsupervised classification algorithm and artificial review was used to extract areas for Chinese offshore raft and cage aquaculture in 2018. The results of the extraction showed that China’s 2018 coastal zone raft aquaculture area comprised 194,110 ha, of which the province having the largest raft aquaculture area was Jiangsu (28.77 %), followed by Fujian (20.42 %) and Shandong (13.11 %). The cage aquaculture area covered 57,847,799 square meters, of which the provinces with the largest cage aquaculture area were Fujian (64.81 %), Guangdong (17.45 %), and Liaoning (5.63 %). In addition, by combining high-resolution remote sensing image visual interpretation and field investigation, the classification of 1200 sample points in four regions was determined, and the accuracy of the aquaculture area extraction was found to be 87.35 %. The extraction results can be used not only to evaluate China’s aquaculture production but also offer significant reference value for scientific planning related to sea use, ecological environmental protection, and marine disaster prevention and mitigation.
The role of acid strength in the control of reaction pathways was investigated. Strong acid sites were in favor of the pathway II, while weak acid sites preferred the pathway III.
•Reaction pathways ...of catalytic cracking of 1-butene were efficiently controlled by acid strength.•Pathway II underwent through primary cation, while pathway III proceeded through secondary or tertiary carbenium ion.•Weak acid sites preferred the pathway III, while pathway II needed strong acid sites to overcome energy barrier.•Selectivity of propene could be significantly improved through reducing the amount of strong acid sites on HZSM-5.
The influence of the acid strength of P-modified and of HNO3-dealuminated HZSM-5 on the selectivity for the formation of propene was examined in the conversion of 1-butene. Under the appropriate amount of total acid sites, the reaction pathways of dimerization cracking of 1-butene, which involve the mole ratio of propene to ethene (P/E ratio) and conversion of butenes, could be controlled by acid strength distribution. The results showed that the P/E ratio increased with the decreased amount of strong acid sites. For the ZSM-5 with relatively large amount of strong acid sites, the butene conversion was improved via increasing reaction temperature. In contrast, the butene conversion decreased with the increased reaction temperature over ZSM-5 bearing small amount of strong acid sites. It was because the activation energies of different reaction pathways were influenced by acid strength to a different extent. Strong acid sites could promote the pathways I (2C4→C8I→2C4) and II (2C4→C8II→C2+C6) favorably, while weak acid sites preferred the pathway III (2C4→C8III→C3+C5) since pathway III underwent some energetically favorable forms (tertiary-secondary, secondary-secondary) of cracking (C8I,C8II,C8III, represent octyl carbenium ions). According to designing acid strength distribution on ZSM-5, P/E ratio and selectivity of propene could be significantly improved.
The application of bionic research results to practical engineering can have some unexpected consequences. In this research, a cluster magnetorheological effect finishing method based on phyllotactic ...pattern that combines the arrangement of sunflower seeds on a plate, and the magnetic arrangement of magnetorheological finishing is proposed. By studying the combination of phyllotactic angle, magnetic pole direction and process parameters, such as the speed ratio and the eccentricity, several types of magnet arrangements that can obtain higher polishing efficiency and better wafer flatness are proposed. A method for the evaluation of the influence of the arrangement on the polishing effect is also proposed. Furthermore, a method for solving the interaction problem of the magnetic field generated from multiple magnets is discussed.
This paper presents an experimental investigation into the effects of various contact pressures on the abrasive belt grinding performance of rail material. The contact relations between the contact ...wheel covered with elastic rubber and the head surface of the rail are first analytically discussed as they relate to the pressure distribution. The contact pressure, which is proposed as the control variable in grinding experiments instead of the loaded force, apparently indicates a highly accurate contact state. Accordingly, contact pressure was chosen as a variable parameter for abrasive belt grinding experiments on an Mn-steel rail workpiece. The results of the experiment, including material removal rate, grinding ratio, surface roughness, hardness, chip size, and chip elements, are discussed in detail. Elevated contact pressure exerted a positive influence on material removal rate in the experiments, and the surface hardness of the ground rail surface increased as contact pressure increased. Conversely, grinding ratio decreased with increasing contact pressure. The size of chips also increased as contact pressure increased, as did the oxygen content in the chips—this may indicate that Fe
3
O
4
and Fe
2
O
3
content in the chips also increased as contact pressure increased.
Understanding the normal variation of the sugarcane rhizosphere fungal community throughout its life cycle is essential for the development of agricultural practices for fungal and ecological health ...associated with the microbiota. Therefore, we performed high-throughput sequencing of 18S rDNA of soil samples using the Illumina sequencing platform for correlation analysis of rhizosphere fungal community time series, covering information from 84 samples in four growth periods. The results revealed that the sugarcane rhizosphere fungi possessed the maximum fungal richness in Tillering. Rhizosphere fungi were closely associated with sugarcane growth, including Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Chytridiomycota, which showed high abundance in a stage-specific manner. Through the Manhattan plots, 10 fungal genera showed a decreasing trend throughout the sugarcane growth, and two fungal genera were significantly enriched at three stages of sugarcane growth (
< 0.05) including
(Microascales, Microascaceae) and
(Hypocreales, Nectriaceae). In addition, soil pH, soil temperature, total nitrogen, and total potassium were critical drivers of fungal community structure at different stages of sugarcane growth. We also found that sugarcane disease status showed a significant and strong negative effect on selected soil properties by using structural equation modeling (SEM), suggesting that poor soil increases the likelihood of sugarcane disease. In addition, the assembly of sugarcane rhizosphere fungal community structure was mainly influenced by stochastic factors, but after the sugarcane root system became stable (Maturity), the stochastic contribution rate decreased to the lowest value. Our work provides a more extensive and solid basis for the biological control of sugarcane potential fungal diseases.
•Spatial and dense temporal features for extracting global land-side aquaculture.•Global aquaculture pond distribution information was obtained for the first time.•Asia accounted for 89.12% of global ...land-side aquaculture.•A 30-km buffer of coastline inland side accounted for 75.57%•The result is highly consistent with FAO aquaculture statistics.
Spatial distribution information offers a valuable resource for the growing research on evaluating and managing aquaculture and the mechanism of its interaction with the environment, especially concerning landside clustering aquaculture ponds (LCAP). However, studies aimed at obtaining data on global LCAP distribution remains limited. This study combined edge detection and the morphology implemented on Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to produce the first global spatial distribution data of LCAP using 4,015,054 tiles of the 10-m Sentinel-2 time-series images collected throughout 2020. The study findings showed a total area of global LCAP of 55,337.03 km2. Asia, led by China, had the highest distribution area of LCAP, accounting for 89.12 % of global LCAP. The main LCAP distribution area was the landside 30-km buffer region of coastline, accounting for 75.57 % of global LCAP. Meanwhile, the greatest proportion of LCAP (69.63 %) was located in China. Accuracy verification revealed that the precision and recall error of the results were 83.91 % and 92.49 % respectively, and F1 score was 0.88. A comparison of China, Vietnam, and India, based on data drawn from most of the existing local studies that used remote sensing methods, showed that these countries’ aquaculture area differs by less than 10 %. Despite some variation from FAO statistics or official national statistics, the results of our remote sensing-based method show promise in such aspects as global coverage and temporal coherency when compared with the classical statistical method.
The biofabrication of three-dimensional (3D) tissues that recapitulate organ-specific architecture and function would benefit from temporal and spatial control of cell-cell interactions. Bioprinting, ...while potentially capable of achieving such control, is poorly suited to organoids with conserved cytoarchitectures that are susceptible to plastic deformation. Here, we develop a platform, termed Spatially Patterned Organoid Transfer (SPOT), consisting of an iron-oxide nanoparticle laden hydrogel and magnetized 3D printer to enable the controlled lifting, transport, and deposition of organoids. We identify cellulose nanofibers as both an ideal biomaterial for encasing organoids with magnetic nanoparticles and a shear-thinning, self-healing support hydrogel for maintaining the spatial positioning of organoids to facilitate the generation of assembloids. We leverage SPOT to create precisely arranged assembloids composed of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural organoids and patient-derived glioma organoids. In doing so, we demonstrate the potential for the SPOT platform to construct assembloids which recapitulate key developmental processes and disease etiologies.
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