This paper investigated the 3D printing feasibility of rice (waxy rice, japonica rice, indica rice) paste and the effect of sodium alginate (SA) added at concentrations (0, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, ...1.00%, w/w, dry rice flour basis) on the physicochemical and structural characteristics of rice paste. Results showed that rice paste incorporated with SA exhibited shear-thinning behavior so that it can be used as ideal material for 3D printing. The viscosity, degree of bound water and mechanical strength of rice paste increased with increasing addition of SA. When SA concentration was 0.50%, the 3D printed japonica rice product (3DJP3) provided the best printability and highest precision, followed by waxy rice product (3DWP3) and indica rice product (3DIP3). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that more convolutions were induced in the 3D printed rice products upon the addition of SA, which increased the products stability. It was a further proof that 3DJP3 and 3DIP3 still maintained good structure and precision after steaming. However, 3DWP3 has swollen after steaming due to the highest amylopectin content of waxy rice and showed the worst shape fidelity. Overall, SA could be functioned as proper additives for 3D rice products, and the food matrix of proper types of rice and SA could be promising materials for 3D printing.
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•Sodium alginate (SA) functioned as structural modifier in 3D printing of rice foods.•Waxy, japonica and indica rice paste all achieved best printability at 0.50% SA.•3D waxy rice products after steaming have swollen due to high amylopectin content.
•UMAAEE is an effective method in the extraction of cherry seed oil.•UMAAEE is optimized by Plackett-Burman design and Box-Behnken design.•Oil by UMAAEE shows similar fatty acid compositions as ...compared with oil by SE.•Oil by UMAAEE exhibits superior quality as compared with oil by SE.•SEM shows that UMAAEE prompts the release of oil by destroying the cell structure.
In order to increase the utilization of cherry seeds, ultrasonic-microwave assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction (UMAAEE) was used to extract cherry seed oil. Parameters of UMAAEE were optimized by Plackett-Burman design followed by Box-Behnken design. The oil recovery of 83.85 ± 0.78% was obtained under optimum extraction conditions of a 2.7% concentration of enzyme cocktail comprising cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase (1/1/1, w/w/w), ultrasonic power of 560 W, microwave power of 323 W, extraction time of 38 min, extraction temperature of 40 °C, enzymolysis temperature of 40 °C, pH of 3.5, liquid to solid ratio of 12 mL/g, enzymolysis time of 240 min and particle size less than 0.425 mm. There were no significant differences in the fatty acid compositions of cheery seed oil by UMAAEE and Soxhlet extraction, and oil by UMAAEE possessed superior physicochemical properties and higher content of bioactive constituents. Scanning electron microscopy illustrated that enzyme hydrolysis and ultrasonic-microwave treatment causing the structural degradation of cherry seed was the main driving force for extraction. In this study, all results suggest that UMAAEE is an effective method to extract cherry seed oil.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of metabolic disorders that are characterized by hyperglycemia. Oral subcutaneously administered antidiabetic drugs such as insulin, glipalamide, and ...metformin can temporarily balance blood sugar levels, however, long‐term administration of these therapies is associated with undesirable side effects on the kidney and liver. In addition, due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species and hyperglycemia‐induced macrovascular system damage, diabetics have an increased risk of complications. Fortunately, recent advances in nanomaterials have provided new opportunities for diabetes therapy and diagnosis. This review provides a panoramic overview of the current nanomaterials for the detection of diabetic biomarkers and diabetes treatment. Apart from diabetic sensing mechanisms and antidiabetic activities, the applications of these bioengineered nanoparticles for preventing several diabetic complications are elucidated. This review provides an overall perspective in this field, including current challenges and future trends, which may be helpful in informing the development of novel nanomaterials with new functions and properties for diabetes diagnosis and therapy.
Nanomaterials have been widely used in various areas of medicine due to their mutable structures and extraordinary properties. This review paper comprehensively discusses the recent studies about the mechanisms and applications of functional nanomaterials in diabetes‐related diagnosis, prevention and therapy.
The thermal storage temperature and water-rock interaction process of the Lushan convective geothermal system (Qinling stratigraphic zonation fracture zone in China) are clarified by using surface ...cold water and geothermal fluid as the research objects. In this study, a conceptual model of the temperature profile of the geothermal system in the study area was developed using surface temperature inversion, the cation temperature scale, the SiO2 temperature scale method, the mineral equilibrium phase method, the silicon-enthalpy model, the FixAl method, and the Cl-enthalpy model. The inversion temperature at the surface is in the range of 33-39°C, and the temperature difference indicates the direction of the Checun-Lushan fracture. The study area is recharged from atmospheric precipitation, and the temperature of the recharge area is approximately 5.8–7.7°C (the temperature of the alkali field is approximately 10°C), and the recharge elevation is approximately 1200 m. The thermal storage pattern in the study area is near-surface hydrothermal thermal storage transferred to shallow thermal storage and then to deep thermal storage. The near-surface hydrothermal thermal storage temperature is at a constant temperature of 60°C, and the shallow thermal storage temperature is calculated by K-Mg and Li-Mg geothermometers to be between 99 and 112°C. The thermal storage temperature is simulated using the FixAl method, with deviation values ranging from 2.9% to 15.0%. The silicon-enthalpy model calculates the deep thermal storage temperature to be between 181 and 230°C. The mixing ratio of geothermal water in the study area is extremely high, with a cold water mixing ratio of 85.4–94.8%. The home ground fluid temperature was estimated to be approximately 282°C using the Cl-enthalpy model. The main thermally controlled conductivity channel in the study area is the Checun-Lushan fracture zone. The water vapor formed by convection at depth moves upward to approximately 5 km to form a deep thermal reservoir, and this convection and upward movement cause it to mix with cold water from the fracture zone to form a shallow thermal reservoir, which moves to the near-surface, forming a hydrothermal-type reservoir, which is later discharged in the form of a spring. The conceptual model of geothermal system temperature established in this study provides a basis for further development and utilization of Lushan hot springs and provides guidance for future thermal storage temperature calculations of convection-type geothermal systems in uplifted mountains.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The promotion or inhibition of gastrointestinal digestion of tea polyphenol (TP) towards the two typical proteins from egg white (ovalbumin (OVA) and lysozyme (LYZ)) was examined. The results showed ...that TP made OVA/LYZ easier for digestion in the pepsin solution at pH1.2 and inhibited OVA/LYZ digestion in pancreatin solution at pH7.5. Non-covalent interactions between OVA/LYZ and TP and the secondary structure of OVA/LYZ were studied by using Fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. Results suggested that stronger conformational change occurred at pH1.2 compared with that of pH7.5 affected by TP in both proteins. Non-covalent interactions between OVA/LYZ and TP at pH1.2 increased random and β-sheet structures in both proteins at the expense of α-helix, which resulted in the proteins with looser structures. At pH7.5, an opposite second structural change of both proteins caused by the non-covalent interactions between OVA/LYZ and TP. The conformational and second structural change of proteins (substrate) might be a reason for promoting and inhibiting digestion of OVA/LYZ affected by TP.
Tea polyphenol facilitated the pepsin digestion of ovalbumin (OVA)/lysozyme (LYZ) at pH1.2 and inhibited the pancreatin digestion of OVA/LYZ at pH7.5. The impact mechanism was also studied. Display omitted
•TP facilitates pepsin digestion and inhibits pancreatin digestion of OVA/LYZ.•The effect of TP on proteins is in a dose-dependent manner.•TP affects the conformational and second structural change of substrate.•TP influences structural change of substrate thus affects the digestion of proteins.
This study investigated the complexes formed between ovalbumin (OVA) and gum arabic (GA) and their ability to stabilize oil-water emulsions. The stability of the emulsions stabilized by the OVA/GA ...complexes was evaluated by measuring storage time (1–7 days), salt concentration (0–100 mM NaCl), and heat (40–90 °C, 30 min) stability at pH 3.8–7.0. The results showed that the stability of the OVA-stabilized emulsion was greatly improved by an OVA/GA ratio of 1:2 and acidic pH. Above or below 1:2, the emulsion was unstable due to depletion or bridging flocculation. Emulsions saturated with OVA/GA complexes were stable with changing pH, storage time, and heat treatment (up to 90 °C). However, the OVA/GA complexes did not improve the stability of the emulsions when salt concentrations were varied. The experimental results demonstrated that OVA/GA complexes could be used to prepare stable emulsion structures, which may be useful in the beverage industry.
In the presence of GA, acid-unstable protein OVA was used to improve the stability of emulsions stabilized by OVA/GA complexes. Display omitted
•A novel hierarchical emulsion structure was produced by OVA/GA complexes.•Emulsions at OVA/GA 1:2 exhibited good stability to pH, storage time and heat.•Emulsions stability was mainly dominated by the steric and electrostatic repulsion.•NaCl did not cause GA molecules to fully desorb from OVA-coated surfaces.•Emulsions showed better stability at lower (4.0) than at higher (7.0) pH.
•Molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of SPC-2 are determined.•SPC-2 shows high antidiabetic property in diabetic mice.•SPC-2 shows protective effect on related tissues by pathological ...histology.
Se-polysaccharide from Catathelasma ventricosum (SPC-2) was purified by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The average size of SPC-2 was 1.6×105 Da, and it was mainly composed of glucose (87.4%) with the conformation of β-pyran ring. The branched structure of SPC-2 was proved intuitively by atomic force microscope (AFM). The antidiabetic potential of SPC-2 was tested in STZ-induced diabetic mice. After STZ-induced diabetic mice being administered of SPC-2 for 30days, SPC-2 treatment significantly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) that were increased by the STZ treatment. Further, the SPC-2 treatment led to increased activity of antioxidant enzymes in liver and kidney and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) that were decreased by the STZ. The results of histopathology also showed SPC-2 protected tissues (pancreas, liver and kidney) against peroxidation damage and maintained tissue integrity.
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection and hospitalization, especially in children. Highly mutagenic nature and antigenic diversity ...enable the RSV to successfully survive in human population. We conducted a molecular epidemiological study during 2017-2021 to investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of RSV.
A total of 6499 nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs were collected from hospitalized children at Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. All NP swab specimens were preliminary screened for common respiratory viruses and then tested for RSV using specific PCR assays. Partial G genes of RSV were amplified for phylogenetic analysis and genetic characterization.
The overall detection rate for common respiratory viruses was 16.12% (1048/6499). Among those, 405 specimens (6.20%, 405/6499) were found positive for RSV. The monthly distribution of RSV and other respiratory viruses was variable, and the highest incidence was recorded in Autumn and Winter. Based on the sequencing of hypervariable region of G gene, 93 RSV sequences were sub-grouped into RSV-A (56, 60.2%) and RSV-B (37, 39.8%). There was no coinfection of RSV-A and RSV-B in the tested samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that RSV-A and RSV-B strains belonged to ON1 and BA9 genotypes respectively, indicating predominance of these genotypes in Guangzhou. Several substitutions were observed which may likely change the antigenicity and pathogenicity of RSV. Multiple glycosylation sites were noticed, demonstrating high selection pressure on these genotypes.
This study illustrated useful information about epidemiology, genetic characteristics, and circulating genotypes of RSV in Guangzhou China. Regular monitoring of the circulating strains of RSV in different parts of China could assist in the development of more effective vaccines and preventive measures.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study aimed to clarify the efficacy and safety of Xinbao pill (XBP) as an adjunctive treatment for chronic heart failure (CHF).
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and safety of ...XBP in the treatment of CHF were searched from the six databases. The risk of bias assessment tool recommended by Cochrane Handbook 5.1 were used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. The subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. The grading recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) technique were used to assess the evidence's certainty.
Nine RCTs with a total of 882 patients were identified in this study. The meta-analysis demonstrated that XBP as adjunctive therapy was superior to conventional medicine alone for the treatment of CHF in improving the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; MD = 5.34; 95% CI 4.68 to 5.99;
< 0.001), the total effective rate (RR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.29;
< 0.001), the cardiac output (MD = 0.56; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.70;
< 0.001), the stroke volume (MD = 3.42; 95% CI 2.03 to 4.81;
< 0.001) and the 6-min walking distance (6-MWD; MD = 31.95; 95% CI 21.83 to 42.06;
< 0.001), meanwhile reducing the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD; MD = -3.22; 95% CI -4.03 to -2.42;
< 0.001) and left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD; MD = -2.93; 95% CI -3.80 to -2.06;
< 0.001). Regarding safety, a total of 2.4% (11/456) adverse reactions occurred in the XBP groups while 3.9% (18/456) in the control group. The outcomes' evidentiary quality ranged from "very low" to "moderate".
This study indicated that XBP as adjunctive therapy combined with conventional medicine seemed to be safe and more effective than conventional medicine alone in treating CHF. However, due to the poor methodological quality of the included RCTs, further well-designed RCTs are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of XBP.
IntroductionThere is still a lack of therapeutic options for long COVID. Several studies have shown the benefit of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on long COVID. However, the efficacy and safety of ...HBOT for long COVID remain unclear. Therefore, we will conduct this systematic review to assess the feasibility of HBOT as a primary or complemental therapy for long COVID.Methods and analysisDatabases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ClinicalTrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, SINOMED, VIP Database and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry will be searched systematically from the establishment to 9 December 2023. All articles will be reviewed by two independent reviewers. Cochrane risk of bias tool will be used to assess the risk of bias in the study. We will evaluate heterogeneity using a visual inspection of the funnel plot. If an available number of studies are identified, we will perform a meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required since this study is based on published articles. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated through conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023482523.
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