Cyclic ether, such as 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL), are promising solvent for low‐temperature electrolytes because of the low freezing point. Their use in electrolytes, however, is severely limited since it ...easily polymerizes in the presence of lithium inorganic salts. The trace water plays a key role via providing the source (proton) for chain initiation, which has, unfortunately, been neglected in most cases. In this work, we present an electrophile, trimethylsilyl isocyanate (Si−NCO), as the water scavenger, which eliminates moisture by a nucleophilic addition reaction. Si−NCO allows DOL to maintain liquid over a wide temperature range even in high‐concentration electrolyte. Electrolyte with Si−NCO additive shows promising low‐temperature performance. Our finding expands the use of cyclic ether solvents in the presence of inorganic salts and highlights a large space for unexplored design of water scavenger with electrophilic feature for low‐temperature electrolytes.
The ring‐opening polymerization of 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL) initiated by protons is inhibited by eliminating the trace water in the electrolyte through a water scavenger, which ensures promising low‐temperature performances for LiCoO2 cathode. These findings demonstrate the high feasibility of water scavenger for unexplored design of cyclic ether based low‐temperature electrolytes.
Summary
Heterotrophic nitrifiers are able to oxidize and remove ammonia from nitrogen‐rich wastewaters but the genetic elements of heterotrophic ammonia oxidation are poorly understood. Here, we ...isolated and identified a novel heterotrophic nitrifier, Alcaligenes ammonioxydans sp. nov. strain HO‐1, oxidizing ammonia to hydroxylamine and ending in the production of N2 gas. Genome analysis revealed that strain HO‐1 encoded a complete denitrification pathway but lacks any genes coding for homologous to known ammonia monooxygenases or hydroxylamine oxidoreductases. Our results demonstrated strain HO‐1 denitrified nitrite (not nitrate) to N2 and N2O at anaerobic and aerobic conditions respectively. Further experiments demonstrated that inhibition of aerobic denitrification did not stop ammonia oxidation and N2 production. A gene cluster (dnfT1RT2ABCD) was cloned from strain HO‐1 and enabled E. coli accumulated hydroxylamine. Sub‐cloning showed that genetic cluster dnfAB or dnfABC already enabled E. coli cells to produce hydroxylamine and further to 15N2 from (15NH4)2SO4. Transcriptome analysis revealed these three genes dnfA, dnfB and dnfC were significantly upregulated in response to ammonia stimulation. Taken together, we concluded that strain HO‐1 has a novel dnf genetic cluster for ammonia oxidation and this dnf genetic cluster encoded a previously unknown pathway of direct ammonia oxidation (Dirammox) to N2.
Development of new materials with high hydrogen storage capacity and reversible hydrogen sorption performances under mild conditions has very high value in both fundamental and application aspects. ...In the past years, some new systems with metastable structures, such as ultra-fine nanocrystalline alloys, amorphous alloys, nanoglass alloys, immiscible alloys, high-entropy alloys, have been abundantly studied as hydrogen storage materials. Many new hydrogen storage properties either from the kinetics or thermodynamics aspects have been reported. In this review, recent advances of studies on metastable alloys for hydrogen storage applications have been comprehensively reviewed. The materials preparation methods to synthesize metastable hydrogen storage alloys are firstly reviewed. Afterwards, hydrogen storage properties of the metastable alloys are summarized and discussed, focusing on the unique kinetics and thermodynamics properties by forming of such unique metastable structures. For examples, superior hydrogenation kinetics and higher hydrogen storage capacity have been achieved in Mg-based amorphous and nanoglass alloys. Destabilized thermodynamics properties can be obtained in the immiscible Mg–Mn and Mg–Zr alloys. In addition to highlighting the recent achievements of metastable alloys in the field of hydrogen storage, the remaining challenges and trends of the emerging research are also discussed.
Graphical abstract
•The creative Fuzzy System is used to obtain the feature of WRFs’ outputs.•This system can reduce the NWP uncertainties and improve the forecasting accuracy.•The evolutionary algorithm, CS, can ...correct WRF’s forecasting values.•This novelty model outperforms other approaches in different wind farms.•The method is used for operational wind forecast within acceptable computations.
Accurate wind speed forecasting, which strongly influences the safe usage of wind resources, is still a critical issue and a huge challenge. At present, the single-valued deterministic NWP forecast is primarily adopted by wind farms; however, recent techniques cannot meet the actual needs of grid dispatch in many cases. This paper contributes to a new multi-step forecasting method for operational wind forecast, 96-steps of the next day, termed the CS-FS-WRF-E model, which is based on a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) ensemble forecast, a novel Fuzzy System, and a Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm. First, the WRF ensemble, which considers three horizontal resolutions and four initial fields, using a 0.5° horizontal grid-spacing Global Forecast System (GFS) model output, is constructed as the basic forecasting results. Then, a novel fuzzy system, which can extract the features of these ensembles, is built under the concept of membership degrees. With the help of CS optimization, the final model is constructed using this evolutionary algorithm to adjust and correct the results obtained based on physical laws, yielding the best forecasting performance and outperforming individual ensemble members and all of the other models for comparison.
•Mung bean protein hydrolysate (MPH) was treated by ultrasound.•MPH contained mainly four bands of 25.6, 12.8, 10.6 and 4.9 kDa.•Ultrasonicated-MPH had more contents of aromatic and hydrophobic amino ...acids.•The α-helix of MPH was significantly destroyed by ultrasonic treatment.•MPH with 546 W ultrasonic power exhibited superior antioxidant activities.
This study aimed to investigate influence of ultrasonic treatment on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of mung bean protein hydrolysate (MPH). Physicochemical properties of MPH were evaluated by Tricine-SDS-PAGE, particle size distribution, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and fluorescence spectroscopy, among others. Radicals scavenging activities of ABTS, hydroxyl, superoxide anion, Fe2+ chelating ability and reducing power characterized antioxidant activities of MPH. MPH contained four bands of 25.6, 12.8, 10.6 and 4.9 kDa, in which 4.9 kDa was the most abundant. Ultrasonic treatment increased the contents of aromatic and hydrophobic amino acids in MPH. Ultrasonic treatment decreased the content of α-helix of MPH and increased β-sheet and β-turn compared to MPH. MPH-546 W (ultrasonic treatment 546 W, 20 min) had the lowest average particle size (290.13 nm), zeta potential (-36.37 mV) and surface hydrophobicity (367.95 A.U.). Antioxidant activities of ultrasonicated-MPH increased with the ultrasonic power, achieving the lowest IC50 (mg/mL) of 0.1087 (ABTS), 1.796 (hydroxyl), 1.003 (superoxide anion) and 0.185 (Fe2+ chelating ability) in 546 W power. These results indicated ultrasonic treatment would be a promising method to improve the antioxidant properties of MPH, which would broaden the application scope of MPH as bioactive components in the food industry.
The design of irregular subarrayed planar phased arrays composed of modular tiles is a research area of increasing interest. In this article, a heuristic iterative convex relaxation programming ...(H-ICRP) framework is proposed. By formulating the tiling of irregular subarray as a binary programming problem, this framework is suitable for arbitrary array aperture and subarray structure. To achieve exact aperture cover, the nonconvex binary constraint is relaxed to a convex approximation and solved through multiple iterations. Furthermore, for better performance of the scanning radiation pattern, the multitask Bayesian compressive sensing (MT-BCS) solver is adopted to find a heuristic initial iteration point instead of randomizing, such that the robustness and effectiveness can be improved remarkably. Good performance and potentialities of the proposed method are verified by comparing with existing approaches in various numerical examples.
•Mung bean protein (MBP) was hydrolyzed by five proteases.•Alcalase had a stronger hydrolytic ability to MBP than other proteases.•Five proteases hydrolysis significantly destroyed the α-helix and ...β-sheet of MBP.•Protamex, papain hydrolysates had stronger functional properties than others.•Alcalase hydrolysate exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than other hydrolysates.
This study aimed to investigate physicochemical, functional and antioxidant properties of mung bean protein (MBP) enzymatic hydrolysates (MBPEHs) by alcalase, neutrase, protamex, flavourzyme and papain. Physicochemical properties were evaluated by SDS-PAGE, particle size distribution, FTIR, ultraviolet visible and fluorescence spectrophotometries. ABTS, hydroxyl scavenging, Fe2+ chelating activity were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. Enzymolysis with five proteases decreased average particle size, α-helix, β-sheet, surface hydrophobicity of hydrolysates. Alcalase hydrolysate had the highest degree of hydrolysis (23.55%), absolute zeta potential (33.73 mV) and the lowest molecular weight (<10 kDa). Protamex and papain hydrolysates had higher foaming capacities, emulsification activity indexes, emulsion stability indexes (235.00%, 123.07 m2/g, 132.54 min; 200.10%, 105.39 m2/g, 190.67 min) than MBP (135.03%, 20.03 m2/g, 30.88 min). Alcalase hydrolysate demonstrated the lowest IC50 (mg/mL) in ABTS (0.12), hydroxyl (2.98), Fe2+ chelating (0.22). These results provide support for application of MBPEHs as foaming agent, emulsifier and antioxidant in food industry.
Caves are typified by their permanent darkness and a shortage of nutrients. Consequently, bacteria play an important role in sustaining such subsurface ecosystems by dominating primary production and ...fueling biogeochemical cycles. China has one of the world's largest areas of karst topography in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, yet the bacteriomes in these karst caves remain unexplored. In this study, bacteriomes of eight karst caves in southwest China were examined, and co-occurrence networks of cave bacterial communities were constructed. Results revealed abundant and diversified bacterial communities in karst caves, with
,
, and
being the most abundant phyla. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in bacteriomes among the eight caves. However, a PCoA plot did show that the bacterial communities of 128 cave samples clustered into groups corresponding to sampling types (air, water, rock, and sediment). These results suggest that the distribution of bacterial communities is driven more by sample types than the separate caves from which samples were collected. Further community-level composition analysis indicated that
were most dominant in water and air samples, while
dominated the sediment and rock samples. Co-occurrence analysis revealed highly modularized assembly patterns of the cave bacterial community, with
wb1-P19, an uncultured group in
, and an uncultured group in
, being the top-three keystone members. These results not only expand our understanding of cave bacteriomes but also inspires functional exploration of bacterial strains in karst caves.
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