The present work is the first study of Mediterranean scallop (Pecten jacobaeus) biochemical properties, antioxidant defenses, and free radical scavengers during the yearly seasons in the Northern ...Adriatic, off Istria. Scallop nutrient reserves (glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol) in four tissues under examination were positively correlated and were predominant in digestive gland and gonad. The muscle energy maxima were in correlation with the maximum fall gonosomatic index (GSI), when diatoms and coccolithophorids thrive. The decrease of GSI in summer might be related to the spawning or resorption of gametes. Summer also revealed elevated levels of glucose in gonad and digestive gland, while muscle glucose and cholesterol significantly varied in spring vs. winter samples. In relation to the diatom seasonal abundance, carotenoids, namely astaxanthin peaks were found in digestive gland, which, being stimulators of calcium transport over cell membranes, could have contributed to the high digestive gland levels of calcium in winter. In winter, total antioxidative status (TAS) of scallop tissues was 3-fold higher than in other seasons, particularly in digestive gland, having a significant correlation with magnesium, a regulatory tool in oxidative processes. The winter maxima of TAS and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TBARS in relation to summer maxima of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in digestive glands indicate to a decrease in antioxidant defense during cold months, and are related to the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products (such as malondialdehyde) in digestive gland of scallops. Although the increased susceptibility to oxidative stress could be attributed to winter temperature, other factors such as the gonad maturation, availability of food supply, and salinity might counteract that effect. The seawater alterations of salinity, temperature and water quality are in relation to the river Po influx, which is very likely to influence the physiological and biochemical responses of scallops in the Northern Adriatic.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Obesity is a common nutrition-related disorder leading to reduced life expectancy in both humans and dogs. With the aim of identifying new prevention and control options, the study objectives were ...(1) to investigate dog-owner perceptions about obesity in terms of themselves and their dogs, and (2) to identify factors associated with obesity and possible social, environmental and economic drivers for its development in dog owners and their pets. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was performed across multiple countries. The questionnaire focused on human and canine obesity, associated factors and potential drivers, and was distributed online and in the form of hard copies among dog owners in 11 European countries. In total, 3,185 responses from ten countries were included in multivariable analyses. Between 19.1% and 48.8% of the dog owners reported to be overweight/obese. Owner-reported overweight/obesity in dogs ranged from 6.0% to 31.3% based on body condition score charts, and 31.8% to 69.4% based on body fat index charts. Common factors associated with obesity in owners and their dogs were age, gender and owners' attitudes to diet and physical activity. Dog owners who did not consider obesity to be a disease were more likely to have obese dogs.
Canine myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is similar to Barlow's form of MMVD in humans. These valvulopathies are complex, with varying speeds of progression. We hypothesized that the relative ...abundances of serum proteins would help identify the consecutive MMVD stages and discover new disease pathways on a systemic level. To identify distinction-contributing protein panels for disease onset and progression, we compared the proteomic profiles of serum from healthy dogs and dogs with different stages of naturally occurring MMVD. Dogs were divided into experimental groups on the basis of the left-atrium-to-aorta ratio and normalized left ventricular internal dimension in diastole values. Serum was collected from healthy (N = 12) dogs, dogs diagnosed with MMVD in stages B1 (N = 13) and B2 (N = 12) (asymptomatic), and dogs diagnosed with MMVD in chronic stage C (N = 13) (symptomatic). Serum biochemistry and selected ELISAs (galectin-3, suppression of tumorigenicity, and asymmetric dimethylarginine) were performed. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics, and statistical and bioinformatics analysis were employed. Most of the 21 serum proteins with significantly different abundances between experimental groups (
< 0.05, FDR ˂ 0.05) were classified as matrix metalloproteinases, protease inhibitors, scaffold/adaptor proteins, complement components, anticoagulants, cytokine, and chaperone. LC-MS TMT proteomics results obtained for haptoglobin, clusterin, and peptidase D were further validated analytically. Canine MMVD stages, including, for the first time, asymptomatic B1 and B2 stages, were successfully distinguished in dogs with the disease and healthy dogs on the basis of the relative abundances of a panel of specific serum proteins. Most proteins with significantly different abundances were involved in immune and inflammatory pathways. Their role in structural remodeling and progression of canine MMVD must be further investigated. Further research is needed to confirm the resemblance/difference with human MMVD. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with the unique dataset identifier PXD038475.
Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease with a worldwide distribution, caused by the haemoprotozoan parasites of the genus
. One of the most prevalent complication is acute kidney injury, and an ...early diagnosis of altered kidney function remains a challenge for veterinary practice. The aim of this study was to assess the urine metabolic profile from dogs with babesiosis and different degree of kidney function using untargeted and targeted MS-based metabolomics approaches. In this study, 22 dogs naturally infected with
and 12 healthy dogs were included. Untargeted metabolomics approach identified 601 features with a differential abundance between the healthy group and groups of dogs with babesiosis and different level of kidney function, with 27 of them identified as a match to known standards; while targeted approach identified 17 metabolites with significantly different concentrations between the groups. A pattern of significantly altered metabolites referring to the inflammatory host response, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism modulation in babesiosis was presented. Our findings have demonstrated that kidney dysfunction accompanying canine babesiosis was associated with changes in amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and biochemical pathways such as urea cycle and ammonia detoxication. These findings will enable the inclusion of urinary markers for the detection and monitoring of renal damage in babesiosis, as well as in other similar diseases.
Herniation of the intervertebral disc (IVDH) is the most common cause of neurological and intervertebral disc degeneration-related diseases. Since the disc starts to degenerate before it can be ...observed by currently available diagnostic methods, there is an urgent need for novel diagnostic approaches. To identify molecular networks and pathways which may play important roles in intervertebral disc herniation, as well as to reveal the potential features which could be useful for monitoring disease progression and prognosis, multi-omics profiling, including high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics and tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics was performed. Cerebrospinal fluid of nine dogs with IVDH and six healthy controls were used for the analyses, and an additional five IVDH samples were used for proteomic data validation. Furthermore, multi-omics data were integrated to decipher a complex interaction between individual omics layers, leading to an improved prediction model. Together with metabolic pathways related to amino acids and lipid metabolism and coagulation cascades, our integromics prediction model identified the key features in IVDH, namely the proteins follistatin Like 1 (FSTL1), secretogranin V (SCG5), nucleobindin 1 (NUCB1), calcitonin re-ceptor-stimulating peptide 2 precursor (CRSP2) and the metabolites N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and adenine, involved in neuropathic pain, myelination, and neurotransmission and inflammatory response, respectively. Their clinical application is to be further investigated. The utilization of a novel integrative interdisciplinary approach may provide new opportunities to apply innovative diagnostic and monitoring methods as well as improve treatment strategies and personalized care for patients with degenerative spinal disorders.
Hot climate is one of the major factors affecting the dairy industry. Heat stress could be responsible for decreased feed intake and consequently leads to alterations in energy metabolism, ...particularly during late pregnancy and early lactation. This study aimed to assess the effects of summer heat on adipose tissue activities during the periparturient period in Simmental cows. Two groups of cows were involved: heat-stressed cows (n = 12) that calved from June to August and thermoneutral cows (n = 12) that calved from October to December. Blood samples were taken from each cow during the periparturient period: 21 and 7 days before calving and 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 days after calving. Glucose, beta-hydroxy butyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), leptin (LP), and adiponectin (ADP) were measured in serum samples by commercial kits. Thermoneutral cows expressed higher degrees of lipomobilization syndrome than heat-stressed cows, indicated by significantly higher serum NEFA and BHB concentrations in the early lactation. Leptin levels were significantly decreased, while adiponectin was increased in heat-stressed cows compared to thermoneutral ones. The results indicated that heat-stressed cows during the periparturient period mobilized less fat from adipose tissue to reduce the heat generation by fatty acid oxidation.
Retained placenta (RP), a quite common disorder in dairy cows, shows a high negative impact on their health status and milk production.
To investigate the difference in the serum proteome between the ...cows with RP and the physiologic puerperium (PP).
Analysis of serum samples from nine cows with RP and six with PP using high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach. The proteins differing in the relative abundance between the PP and RP groups were classified using the Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationship tool. For the pathway enrichment analysis, the REACTOME tool, with the human genome as the background, was employed. The criterion for significance was the false discovery rate corrected P-value less than 0.05.
In total 651 proteins were identified with altered relative abundance of ten proteins. Among them, seven had higher, and three showed lower relative abundance in RP than in the PP group. The differently abundant proteins participated in 15 pathways: six related to hemostasis, three involved in lipoprotein metabolism, and the remaining ones associated with for instance redox homeostasis, post-translational modification, and scavenging. Finally, the validation of the proteomic results showed that haptoglobin and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein levels reliably differentiated between the RP and PP groups.
The pattern of serum proteome alterations in the cows with RP mirrored several interplaying mechanisms underlying the systematic response to the presence of RP, therefore representing a source to mine for predictive or prognostic biomarkers.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of in-feed clinoptilolite (CPL) on serum metabolic and antioxidative biomarkers, acute phase proteins and reproductive performance in cows ...during pregnancy and lactation. A total of 78 Holstein-Friesian cows were randomly assigned into two groups: the treatment group, cows fed CPL (n = 38) which received 50 g of powdered CPL twice a day from day 180 before parturition to day 60 postpartum; and the control group (n = 40). Blood samples were taken on days 180, 90, 60, 30 and 10 before parturition, on day of calving and on days 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40 and 60 postpartum, and were analysed for metabolic biomarkers: glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), antioxidative biomarkers and acute phase proteins: paraoxonase-1 (PON1), apolipoprotein A-I, haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA). CPL supplementation increased concentration of glucose and significantly decreased (P < .05) level of BHB during puerperium. The SAA concentration in CPL-fed cows was significantly decreased (P < .05) on days 33, 40 and 60 postpartum as well as Hp concentration on days 0 and 12 postpartum. The results of this study suggest that the CPL-fed cows may have improved metabolic status due to the tendency of greater glucose levels and decreased BHB values during early lactation. In addition, acute phase response was lower (P < .05) in CPL-fed cows. Such an outcome might be attributed to the effect of dietary CPL on intensity and severity of the negative energy balance and inflammatory response in dairy cows.
•Dietary clinoptilolite improves metabolic status in dairy cows.•Acute phase response was lower in clinoptilolite-in feed supplemented cows.•Clinoptilolite supplementation could affect severity of the NEB in dairy cows.•Dietary clinoptilolite improved reproductive performance in dairy cows.•Clinoptilolite supplement had a positive influence on milk yield in dairy cows.
The measurement of haematological and biochemical parameters is essential for monitoring the health status of wild fish. More specifically, blood parameters provide crucial information on the ...physiological changes that occur in fish in response to various fluctuations in their environment. This study presents reference ranges and seasonal variations for 15 blood parameters of the black scorpionfish, Scorpaena porcus, as a species of high value for ecosystem monitoring in the Mediterranean. The mean haematocrit (HCT) values differed significantly between seasons, with the highest value recorded in winter. In addition, six plasma parameters varied significantly during the year. Cholesterol (CHOL), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations were notably higher during the spring/summer period and at their lowest levels in autumn/winter. On the contrary, levels of glucose (GLU) were highest during autumn and lowest during the spring season. The post hoc Tukey test revealed that there were significant differences in HCT values for winter vs. spring, in CHOL for spring vs. all other seasons, in NEFA for summer vs. autumn and summer vs. spring, in GLU for spring vs. summer, in AST for autumn vs. spring, in ALP for winter vs. all other seasons and in SOD for summer vs. all other seasons (p < 0.05 in all cases). A total of nine blood parameters showed a significant relationship with fish size throughout different seasons. Our results suggest that monitoring blood parameters may serve as a useful biomarker, and we provide a reliable basis for the future monitoring of the health status of the investigated S. porcus. Considering significant seasonal variations, the use of season-specific reference ranges is recommended for this scorpaenid species.
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (iDCM) is a primary myocardial disorder with an unknown aetiology, characterized by reduced contractility and ventricular dilation of the left or both ventricles. ...Naturally occurring canine iDCM was used herein to identify serum proteomic signature of the disease compared to the healthy state, providing an insight into underlying mechanisms and revealing proteins with biomarker potential. To achieve this, we used high-throughput label-based quantitative LC-MS/MS proteomics approach and bioinformatics analysis of the in silico inferred interactome protein network created from the initial list of differential proteins. To complement the proteomic analysis, serum biochemical parameters and levels of know biomarkers of cardiac function were measured. Several proteins with biomarker potential were identified, such as inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4, microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 and apolipoprotein A-IV, which were validated using an independent method (Western blotting) and showed high specificity and sensitivity according to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed involvement of different pathways in iDCM, such as complement cascade activation, lipoprotein particles dynamics, elastic fibre formation, GPCR signalling and respiratory electron transport chain.
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is a severe primary myocardial disease of unknown cause, affecting both humans and dogs. This study is a contribution to the canine heart disease research by means of proteomic and bioinformatic state of the art analyses, following similar approach in human iDCM research. Importantly, we used serum as non-invasive and easily accessible biological source of information and contributed to the scarce data on biofluid proteome research on this topic. Bioinformatics analysis revealed biological pathways modulated in canine iDCM with potential of further targeted research. Also, several proteins with biomarker potential have been identified and successfully validated.
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•Serum ITIH4 and MFAP4 are potential heart tissue remodelling markers in canine iDCM.•Immunological processes are involved in canine iDCM pathophysiology.•Electron transport chain activity and GPCR signalling are modulated in canine iDCM.
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