The aim of this research was to produce a georeferenced map of habitats of the Protected Landscape of Donji Kamenjak (Istria, Croatia). There were found 20 habitat types according to the National ...Classification of Habitats with the corresponding codes. The presence of habitat types and vegetation was determined on the basis of characteristic and dominant species. On a relatively small area, a large number of plant communities were found. The vegetation is represented mainly by coastal evergreen forests and maquis with Juniperus oxycedrus L, Pinus halepensis Mill., Quercus ilex L, Erica arborea L and the eastern Adriatic shrubby habitats of Cisto-Ericetalia Horvatic 1958. A total of 76.49 ha was identified as belonging to Natura 2000 ecological network habitats, representing 18.78% of the total area of Donji Kamenjak. These are mainly rocky pastures of the Chrysopogoni-Euphorbietum nicaeensis Horvatic (1956) 1958 plant community, dominated by heliophilous plants which significantly enrich plant and landscape diversity. However, these are endangered habitats due to the abandonment of traditional system of sheep farming causing the occurrence of different succession stages and the development of the maquis and forests, pointing out the remarkable importance of traditional systems in biodiversity conservation.
A new species,
Centaurea lovricii
, is described and illustrated from the island of Vis (Dalmatia, Croatia). It occurs on northwest-facing calcareous cliffs near the sea, where it grows with several ...other rare endemic species.
Centaurea lovricii
is morphologically similar to
C. glaberrima
and
C. divergens
of C. sect. Centaurea, from which it differs in having more succulent leaves with larger and less incised leaflets, bigger capitula, larger phyllaries with more developed appendages and denser and undulate fimbriae, larger florets, bigger achenes, and longer pappus. Its morphological features, distribution, ecology, conservation status and taxonomic affinities are examined. In addition, a new iconography and lectotypification for
C. glaberrima
and
C. divergens
is provided.
Bivša vojarna Čerkezovac nalazi se na području Trgovske gore na Banovini. S ciljem očuvanja bioraznolikosti, obavljena je inventarizacija samonikle vaskularne flore tijekom vegetacijskog perioda ...2021. godine. Istraživano je područje od 30 km2 koje se odlikuje kontinentalnom klimom u neposrednoj blizini sliva rijeke Une. Ustanovljeno je 276 biljnih svojti unutar 167 rodova i 60 porodica. Najzastupljenije porodice su Poaceae (7,25 %) te Fabaceae i Lamiaceae (6,16 %). U spektru životnih oblika dominiraju hemikriptofiti (51,80 %) i fanerofiti (15,58 %). Prema IUCN-ovom kategorijama ustanovljeno je osam ugroženih vrsta te šest strogo zaštićenih vrsta od čega je samo jedna endemična vrsta (
Helleborus atrorubens
Waldst. et Kit.). Također je utvrđeno šest alohtonih invazivnih vrsta. Rezultati ovog istraživanja prilog su poznavanju ukupne flore Hrvatske, ali su također važni za praćenje stanja biološke raznolikosti područja Trgovske gore koje dosad nije bilo temeljito istraživano.
The former Čerkezovac military barracks are located in the area of Trgovska gora in Banovina Region. In order to preserve biodiversity, inventarisation of native vascular flora was conducted during the 2021 growing season. An area of 30 km2 with a continental climate in the immediate vicinity of the Una river basin was studied. A total of 276 plant taxa within 167 genera and 60 families were identified. The most represented families are Poaceae (7.25%), Fabaceae and Lamiaceae (6.16% each). The spectrum of life forms is dominated by hemicryptophytes (51.8%) and phanerophytes (15.58%). According to the IUCN categories, eight endangered and six strictly protected species were identified, including the only one endemic species (
Helleborus atrorubens
Waldst. et Kit.). Six alochtonous invasive species were also recorded. The research results are a contribution to the knowledge of the flora of Croatia, and are also important for the biodiversity monitoring of the area of Trgovska gora that has not been detailed investigated till now.
In Croatia, there are three Satureja species groups (tSsg) within the Satureja L. genus that are most widely used as medicinal and melliferous plants: the Satureja montana complex, S. subspicata ...complex and S. cuneifolia. Due to the high melliferous and medicinal potential of these taxa, our objective was to comparatively assess the habitat suitability of the tSsg to estimate their cultivation potential in the eastern Adriatic region. In addition, we assessed their overlaps in geographic and environmental space and investigated the occurrence of the putative hybrid taxon S. × karstiana in the areas of overlap between the two parental taxa (S. montana and S. subspicata). Finally, the differences in the environmental preferences of these three related species groups were investigated. The species distribution models were built using the maximum entropy method (MaxEnt) based on the occurrences of the tSsg, obtained from our field research in 2018–2021 and partly from the Flora Croatica Database. Six environmental variables (three bioclimatic and three topographic) were selected as predictors. The potential habitat suitability of the tSsg under current conditions showed high predictive model performance, with AUC values ranging from 0.890 to 0.910 ± 0.025. The environmental predictors with the highest mean percent contributions to the models were annual temperature range (Bio 7) for S. montana (74.3%) and S. subspicata (65.9%) and downwards surface solar radiation (Srad) for S. cuneifolia (40%). Majority (>90%) of the known S. × karstiana hybrid occurrences were found within the areas of habitat suitability overlap between the two parental taxa, confirming the model accuracy and efficiency in the discovery of putative hybrids. Finally, the niche overlap in environmental space between the investigated taxa pairs was the highest between S. montana and S. subspicata, enabling their hybridization, and lowest between S. cuneifolia and S. subspicata. Due to the widest potential distribution and broadest environmental niche, our results suggest that S. montana has the highest potential for cultivation for medicinal and melliferous purposes in the eastern Adriatic, particularly in light of ongoing climate change.
•Niche model of three Satureja sp. was built based on six environmental variables.•Most locations of S. montana and S. subspicata hybrid were found in niche overlap areas.•Based on results, S. montana has the highest potential for cultivation in Croatia.
Abstract
Species with wide ranges often exhibit morphological variability that is mostly shaped by ecological and evolutionary processes, and the resulting diversity is frequently reflected in ...intraspecific taxonomy. Dianthus sylvestris in the Balkan Peninsula encompasses six subspecies (D. sylvestris subspp. alboroseus, bertisceus, kozjakensis, nodosus, sylvestris and tergestinus), the identification of which is problematic due to a great morphological variability and complex patterns of environmental variation. To explore morphological variation of described subspecies and to investigate how their morphology varies in relation to environmental variations across their geographical distribution, we evaluated 97 populations of D. sylvestris for variability in 25 morphological characters and 20 environmental variables. Number and shape of epicalyx scales, calyx length and petal denticulation captured the greatest extent of morphological variability between populations. Morphometric analyses revealed a continuous variability in quantitative morphological characters and an absence of clear morphological differentiation between the investigated subspecies. However, two main morphologically distinct entities, the north-western Balkan populations and the south-eastern Balkan populations, were identified and they were split approximately along the Neretva River valley. In addition, our results indicate that environment, rather than geography, plays a potentially more important role in shaping the morphological variability of this taxon. Overall, our results do not support the recognition of the described subspecies or the currently accepted taxonomic concept, instead pointing to a continuous morphological variability of D. sylvestris in the Balkan Peninsula.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Bitan temelj prirodnih bogatstava Parka prirode Telašćica na Dugom otoku je prisutna vegetacija koja uvjetuje raznolikost prisutnih biocenoza tj. ukupnu biološku raznolikost. Takva biološka ...raznolikost može biti narušena s obzirom da je u posljednjih pedesetak godina primijećeno rapidno širenje invazivne strane vrste žljezdasti pajasen (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle) unutar područja ekološke mreže na području Parku prirode Telašćica. Stoga su obavljena istraživanja učestalosti pajasena tijekom 2023. godine s ciljem određivanja broja ženskih stabala na temelju prisutnosti cvjetova/plodova. Također su napravljene izmjere: broj stabala s prsnim opsegom manjim i većim od 20 cm, visina i promjer stabla i ekstrapolirani broj ženskih stabala za cijelo područje. Prikupljene GPS koordinate distribucije vrste prebačene su u geografski informacijski sustav QGIS u kojemu su napravljene analize. Prosječna gustoća pojavljivanja jedinki je 0,66/m2, dok je gustoća pojavljivanja ženskih jedinki 0,023/m2. S obzirom da su ovo prva istraživanja, ovi rezultati mogu poslužiti kao nulto stanje za budući monitoring širenja invazivne vrste pajasen na području Dugog otoka.
An essential basis of the natural resources of the Telašćica Nature Park on Dugi otok is the existing vegetation, which with its diversity determines the diversity of the existing biocenoses, i.e. the overall biological diversity. This biodiversity can be damaged, considering that in the last fifty years, a rapid spread of the invasive alien species of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle has been observed in the area of the ecological network in the Telašćica Nature Park. Therefore, field research was carried out in 2023 to determine the number of female trees based on the presence of flowers/fruits. The number of trees with a girth less than and more than 20 cm, the height and diameter of the tree and the extrapolated number of female trees for the entire area were also made. The collected GPS coordinates of the species distribution were transferred to the QGIS geographic information system, where the analyzes were carried out. The average density of occurrence of individuals is 0.66/m2, while the density of occurrence of female individuals is 0.023/m2. Given that these are the first studies, these results can serve as a baseline for future monitoring of the spread of the invasive alien species A. altissima in the area of Dugi otok.
Tijekom istraživanja samonikle vaskularne flore kamenjarskih pašnjaka sjevernojadranskih otoka Krka, Cresa i Paga utvrđeno je 59 ljekovitih i aromatičnih biljaka. Od ustanovljenih 59 vrsta, prema ...načinu korištenja, najviše vrsta − njih 43 − može se koristiti u ljekovite svrhe, aromatičnih biljaka ima 4 vrste, dok 12 vrsta istovremeno pripada u ljekovite i aromatične biljke. Analizom ekoloških indikatorskih vrijednosti utvrđeno je da su istraživane ljekovite i aromatične biljke većinom prilagođene uvjetima umjereno toplih i suhih staništa izloženih suncu. S obzirom na indikatorske vrijednosti za reakciju tla (pH), proučavane vrste imaju vrlo različite vrijednosti, odnosno podjednako su zastupljene vrste koje mogu rasti na kiselim, kao i one koje mogu rasti na alkaličnim tlima. Među istraživanim ljekovitim i aromatičnim biljkama, najzastupljenije su vrste koje su prilagođene tlima siromašnim hranjivima.
U masliniku starom 17 godina, tijekom svibnja i lipnja 2023. godine, na području šibenskog zaleđa, u mjestu Grabovci praćena je fenofaza cvatnje. Fenofaza cvatnje praćena je na 13 sorti maslina ...(‘Buža’, ‘Ascolana Tenera’, ‘Drobnica’, ‘Oblica’, ‘Picholine Marocaine’, ‘Gemlik’, ‘Istarska bjelica’, ‘Krvavica’, ‘Coratina’, ‘Rosulja’ ‘Leccino’, ‘Pendolino’ i ‘Frantoio’) prema Biologische Bundesanstalt Bundessortenamt Chemische Industrie (BBCH) skali. Utvrđeno je da na istoj mikrolokaciji različite sorte u jednakim ekološkim uvjetima imaju različiti početak i različito trajanje cvatnje što se može objasniti sortnom karakteristikom. Klimatski uvjeti za vrijeme trajanja cvatnje u 2023. godini na području bili su povoljni za cvatnju promatranih sorata.
In the 17-year-old olive grove located in the town of Grabovci in the Šibenik hinterland, the flowering phenophases were observed in May and June 2023. Flowering phenoases monitored on 13 olive varieties (‘Buža’, ‘Ascolana Tenera’, ‘Drobnica’, ‘Oblica’, ‘Picholine Marocaine’, ‘Gemlik’, ‘Istarska bjelica’, ‘Krvavica’, ‘Coratina’, ‘Rosulja’ ‘Leccino’, ‘Pendolino’ and ‘Frantoio’) according to the BBCH scale. It was found that the different varieties in the same area under the same environmental conditions had different flowering onset and duration, which can be explained by the varietal characteristics. The climatic conditions for the duration of flowering in 2023 in the area were optimal for the flowering of the observed varieties.
Kranjski ljiljan (Lilium carniolicum Bernh. ex Koch) je trajna zeljasta biljka iz porodice ljiljana (Liliaceae). Raste na livadama i rubovima šuma i planinskih područja istočnih alpa: od Italije do ...Bosne. Zbog ljepote cvjetova (perigon) u Sloveniji je zakonom zaštićena već od 1947 godine. U Crvenoj knjizi vaskularne flore Republike Hrvatske vodi se u kategoriji osjetljivih (VU) biljaka te je zaštićena vrsta. Zbog velikog potencijala kranjskog ljiljana cilj je bio napraviti model potencijalnog rasprostranjenja s obzirom na ekološke čimbenike na području Hrvatske. Područje istraživanja su gorska i planinska područja Hrvatske, a model je napravljen metodom maksimalne entropije koja se pokazala pouzdanom u usporedbi s drugim metodama ekološkog modeliranja. Podaci o rasprostranjenosti kranjskog ljiljana preuzeti su iz baze podataka Flora Croatica (FCD), dok su klimatske podloge u obliku rasterskih slojeva preuzete iz WorldClim baze podataka koje su usklađene na istu rezoluciju, veličinu i WGS86 (World Geodetic System) koordinatni referentni sustav (CRS). Model je napravljen na temelju 12 klimatskih varijabli koje su prikazane u rasterskom obliku s vrijednostima piksela u rezoluciji 1x1 km. Svakoj točki prisutnosti vrste pridružena je vrijednost piksela svake klimatske varijable. Rezultati pokazuju da varijabla Bio18 (oborine najtoplijeg kvartala) ima statistički značajno najveći utjecaj na pogodnost staništa kranjskog ljiljana s 32,2%.
Carniolan lily (Lilium carniolicum Bernh. ex Koch) is a perennial herbaceous plant from the Liliaceae family, growing on the meadows and edges of forests and mountainous areas of the eastern alps: from Italy to Bosnia. Because of its beauty habitus and flowers it is often threatened and has been protected in Slovenia since 1947. In the Flora Croatica Red Book it is managed in the category of vunerable (VU) plants. Due to its great potential of Carniolan lily, the aim was to make a model of potential distribution with regard to ecological factors in Croatia. The field research was the mountain regions of Croatia and the model was done by the method of maximum entropy which proved to be reliable compared to other ecological modeling methods. The data of the distribution of Carniolan lily are taken from the Flora Croatica Database (FCD), while climatic layers in the form of raster are used from WorldClim databases, which are aligned to the same resolution, size and WGS86 (World Geodetic System) coordinate reference system (CRS). The model is based on 12 climate variables that are shown in raster form with pixel values at a resolution of 1x1 km. Each pixel point of the species is associated with the pixel value of each climatic variable. The results show that the variable Bio18 (percipitation of warmest quarter) has statistically significant influence on habitat suitability of Carniolan lily with 32.2%.
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