Cilj je ovoga rada bio produbiti razumijevanje socijalnih utjecaja na intrinzičnu motivaciju mladih nogometaša. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku nogometaša kadetskoga i juniorskog uzrasta, dobi od ...15 do 18 godina (N = 152). Prikupljeni podatci uključivali su procjene rukovodećega ponašanja trenera, motivacijske klime u nogometnim ekipama i intrinzične motivacije za bavljenje nogometom. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je pozitivne interkorelacije mjera procjena specifičnih pozitivnih ponašanja trenera (trening i instrukcije, demokratsko ponašanje, socijalnapodrška i pozitivna povratna informacija) moguće objasniti latentnim faktorom koji smo nazvali pozitivno ponašanje trenera. Pozitivne interkorelacije mjera procjena specifičnih negativnih ponašanja trenera (autokratsko ponašanje, neosjetljivost za osobnu dobrobit sportaša, negativna povratna informacija i usmjerenost na rezultat) moguće je objasniti latentnim faktorom koji smo nazvali negativno ponašanje trenera. Provedena je hijerarhijska regresijska analiza u kojoj je prvi blok uključivao pozitivno i negativno ponašanje trenera, a drugi motivacijsku klimu usmjerenu k usavršavanju. Objašnjeno je 22 % varijance u rezultatima na mjeri intrinzične motivacije mladihnogometaša, pri čemu se statistički značajnim negativnim prediktorom pokazalo negativno ponašanje trenera, a pozitivnim motivacijska klima usmjerena k usavršavanju. Analize mehanizma djelovanja ponašanja trenera na intrinzičnu motivaciju pokazale su da je pozitivno ponašanje trenera imalo na intrinzičnu motivaciju neizravan pozitivan efekt posredovan motivacijskom klimom usmjerenom k usavršavanju. Negativno ponašanje trenera imalo je izravan i manjim dijelomneizravan negativan efekt posredovan motivacijskom klimom usmjerenom k usavršavanju.
The aim of this study was to deepen the understanding of social influences on intrinsic motivation of young male football players, aged 15–18 years (N = 152). We measured coaching behaviours, motivational climate in football teams, and intrinsic motivation to play football. Results revealed positive correlations between measures of specific positive coaching behaviours (Training and Instructions, Democratic Behaviour, Social Support and Positive Feedback) that could be explained by a latent factor we named positive coaching behaviour. Additionally, positive correlations between measures of specific negative coaching behaviours (Autocratic Behaviour, Insensitivity to Athletes’ Well-being, Negative Feedback and Results Orientation) could be explained by a latent factor we named negative coaching behaviour. Hierarchical regression analysis was then conducted. The first block of predictors consisted of positive and negative coaching behaviours and the second of mastery climate. Results show that a total of 22% of the intrinsic motivation variance was explained by negative coaching behaviour, a statistically significant negative predictor and mastery climate, a statistically significant positive predictor. The present study also investigated mechanisms underlying the effects of coaching behaviours on intrinsic motivation. Positive coaching behaviour had an indirect positive effect on intrinsic motivation via mastery climate. The effects of negative coaching behaviour on intrinsic motivation were twofold, showing both direct and indirect negative effects via mastery climate.
Media literacy is one of the crucial human abilities in contemporary society. Media information knowledge is one of its key aspects. In this paper the authors operationally define the concept of ...media information knowledge and its relationship to the concepts of general education, general culture knowledge and general information knowledge. Furthermore, this paper analyses methodological problems of media information knowledge, i.e. construction and validation of testing instruments for media information knowledge. Based on the sample of 388 candidates for the graduate study of journalism, the following items have been analysed: the level of media information knowledge according to various knowledge areas; the metric characteristics and the relationship of the media information knowledge test with several correlates: gender, average grade during the study, test of professional journalists’ knowledge, vocabulary and foreign expressions knowledge, and orthography and grammar knowledge. Higher results in the media information knowledge test are related to better results in the professional journalists’ knowledge test, as well as with some aspects of general education, i.e. vocabulary and foreign expressions knowledge. It has also been found that male respondents have accomplished higher results in media information knowledge. A low correlation has been found with the average undergraduate study grade, while there is no relation of media information knowledge to orthography and grammar knowledge.
Cilj je ovoga rada bio produbiti razumijevanje socijalnih utjecaja na intrinzičnu motivaciju mladih nogometaša. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku nogometaša kadetskoga i juniorskog uzrasta, dobi od ...15 do 18 godina (N = 152). Prikupljeni podatci uključivali su procjene rukovodećega ponašanja trenera, motivacijske klime u nogometnim ekipama i intrinzične motivacije za bavljenje nogometom. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je pozitivne interkorelacije mjera procjena specifičnih pozitivnih ponašanja trenera (trening i instrukcije, demokratsko ponašanje, socijalna podrška i pozitivna povratna informacija) moguće objasniti latentnim faktorom koji smo nazvali pozitivno ponašanje trenera. Pozitivne interkorelacije mjera procjena specifičnih negativnih ponašanja trenera (autokratsko ponašanje, neosjetljivost za osobnu dobrobit sportaša, negativna povratna informacija i usmjerenost na rezultat) moguće je objasniti latentnim faktorom koji smo nazvali negativno ponašanje trenera. Provedena je hijerarhijska regresijska analiza u kojoj je prvi blok uključivao pozitivno i negativno ponašanje trenera, a drugi motivacijsku klimu usmjerenu k usavršavanju. Objašnjeno je 22 % varijance u rezultatima na mjeri intrinzične motivacije mladih nogometaša, pri čemu se statistički značajnim negativnim prediktorom pokazalo negativno ponašanje trenera, a pozitivnim motivacijska klima usmjerena k usavršavanju. Analize mehanizma djelovanja ponašanja trenera na intrinzičnu motivaciju pokazale su da je pozitivno ponašanje trenera imalo na intrinzičnu motivaciju neizravan pozitivan efekt posredovan motivacijskom klimom usmjerenom k usavršavanju. Negativno ponašanje trenera imalo je izravan i manjim dijelom neizravan negativan efekt posredovan motivacijskom klimom usmjerenom k usavršavanju.
The goal of this paper is to evaluate the actual effectiveness of corrections of negative information, as well as to determine the form and content of a rebuttal that can achieve the best ...countereffect against initially published negative information. The authors conduct a factorial experiment (N=270) in which we manipulate several aspects of the rebuttal. We alter the author of the rebuttal and the content. At the level of the author we look at: a) a rebuttal made by the person that the negative information refers to; b) a rebuttal by a neutral person; c) a rebuttal by the author of the negative information. At the level of the content of the rebuttal we look at: a) the systematic correction of the negative information; b) the systematic correction of the negative information followed by positive information. We find that the rebuttal is most effective when done by the author of the initial negative information and least effective when done by the person who is the subject of the negative information. Only denying the negative information is similarly less effective than accompanying it with some new positive information about the person in question.
BACKGROUNDBreast cancer is the most common cancer in female population worldwide. In the psychological response to the disease some patients may develop Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) ...symptomatology. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and structure of PTSD symptoms in Croatian patients following breast cancer and to identify some medical and psychological predictors of severity of these symptoms. SUBJECTS AND METHODS97 women, who were one month up to six years post-completion of all primary cancer therapy, participated in the study. The present research is cross-sectional with a mixed method approach. For the screening of PTSD symptoms PTSD Checklist - Civilian Version (Weathers et al. 1991) was used, with two open-ended questions added. RESULTSUsing the cutoff method, 21.6% participants met criteria for PTSD diagnosis. Qualitative analysis indicated future-oriented intrusive thoughts about reoccurrence of cancer, multidimensional nature of cancer as stressors, and hyperarousal symptoms related to internal stimuli. In hierarchical multiple regression analyses, identified predictors accounted for 35.2% of variability in PCL-C score. PTSD severity was predicted by stressfulness appraisal of the disease (β=0.45; p<0.001), external health locus of control (β=0.17; p<0.05) and self-appraisal of coping with cancer (β=-0.17; p<0.05). Participants who underwent radical mastectomy (M=44.41, SD=15.5) showed higher levels of PTSD than participants who had partial mastectomy (M=33.47, SD=13.68). CONCLUSIONPrevalence of PTSD symptoms obtained in this study should be considered as significant, taking into account the lifetime prevalence of PTSD in the general female population. Psychological assessment of women following breast cancer should more often include an assessment of posttraumatic stress reactions. Furthermore, results are in the line with issues of utilizing basic concept of PTSD in the oncology setting, and possible need of reconceptualization of cancer-related PTSD.
Media literacy is one of the crucial human abilities in contemporary society. Media information knowledge is one of its key aspects. In this paper the authors operationally define the concept of ...media information knowledge and its relationship to the concepts of general education, general culture knowledge and general information knowledge. Furthermore, this paper analyses methodological problems of media information knowledge, i.e. construction and validation of testing instruments for media information knowledge. Based on the sample of 388 candidates for the graduate study of journalism, the following items have been analysed: the level of media information knowledge according to various knowledge areas; the metric characteristics and the relationship of the media information knowledge test with several correlates: gender, average grade during the study, test of professional journalists’ knowledge, vocabulary and foreign expressions knowledge, and orthography and grammar knowledge. Higher results in the media information knowledge test are related to better results in the professional journalists’ knowledge test, as well as with some aspects of general education, i.e. vocabulary and foreign expressions knowledge. It has also been found that male respondents have accomplished higher results in media information knowledge. A low correlation has been found with the average undergraduate study grade, while there is no relation of media information knowledge to orthography and grammar knowledge.
The article presents the results of a research conducted with 101 Homeland War veterans with physical disabilities actively playing sitting volleyball, with the aim of exploring the reasons and ...motivation for playing, perceived benefits from playing, the level of satisfaction with acknowledgement and appreciation of the society and various aspects of the quality of life. The majority of players started playing volleyball after being invited by a friend and the main motives for participation are friendship and socialising as well as care for personal health. Between 75% and 85% of veterans estimate that sitting volleyball to a higher degree helps them to improve their physical and mental health, social life and the feeling of general purposefulness. The majority of veterans are satisfied with the level of understanding and appreciation of their family and friends but significantly less of the institutions and the state in general. Average results of the quality of life questionnaire do not significantly differ from the results of the comparative sample of men from the general population. Veterans evaluate material aspects and the quality of leisure time as better and the mental health as worse than the average male population. The results confirm initial hypotheses on the importance of active participation in sports as well as social acknowledgement in the process of psychosocial reintegration of persons with disabilities. Adapted from the source document.
The goal of this paper is to evaluate the actual effectiveness of corrections of negative information, as well as to determine the form and content of a rebuttal that can achieve the best ...countereffect against initially published negative information. The authors conduct a factorial experiment (N=270) in which we manipulate several aspects of the rebuttal. We alter the author of the rebuttal and the content. At the level of the author we look at: a) a rebuttal made by the person that the negative information refers to; b) a rebuttal by a neutral person; c) a rebuttal by the author of the negative information. At the level of the content of the rebuttal we look at: a) the systematic correction of the negative information; b) the systematic correction of the negative information followed by positive information. We find that the rebuttal is most effective when done by the author of the initial negative information and least effective when done by the person who is the subject of the negative information. Only denying the negative information is similarly less effective than accompanying it with some new positive information about the person in question.
This research examined the structure of the self-assessment of creativity and creative behavior and their association with cognitive, conative and environmental factors. The relationship of these ...variables with the overall school achievement was also examined. Creative Behavior Self-assessment Questionnaire, Creativity Self-assessment Questionnaire, Divergent Thinking Battery Test, Openness to Experiences Questionnaire and assessment of incentives for creative behavior by teachers and broader environment were applied to a sample of 255 high-school students. Analysis of Creative Behavior Self-assessment Questionnaire indicates the existence of four relatively independent domains of creative behavior while Creativity Self-assessment Questionnaire revealed general factor of self-assessed creativity. The results indicate that on the basis of the used predictors, between 8% and 45.8% of the variance in self-assessment measures can be explained. Correlation between overall school achievement and divergent thinking tests is low while there was no relationship at all with any of the creativity measures, openness to experience and incentives for creative behavior. Approximately 45% of students report that their teachers never or rarely reward or encourage their creative behavior while 11% of students report that their creative behavior is regularly or very often encouraged by their teachers.
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