Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Freiburger Sprachhörtest ist der Goldstandard der Sprachaudiometrie in Deutschland. Bislang ist er jedoch noch nicht für die Verwendung im Störschall zur Überprüfung ...des Erfolgs einer Hörgeräteversorgung evaluiert worden. Ferner wurde in der Vergangenheit wiederholt die Validität einzelner Wortlisten angezweifelt.
Patienten/Methodik
Es wurden 113 normalhörende und 104 schwerhörige Probanden mit dem Einsilbertest des Freiburger Sprachhörtests untersucht. Bei den Normalhörenden wurde die Verständlichkeit von drei zufällig ausgewählten Wortlisten bei 65 dB im Freifeld gemessen. Bei der Gruppe der schwerhörigen Probanden, die zudem seit mindestens 3 Monaten mit Hörgeräten versorgt waren, wurde je einmal mit und ohne Hörgeräte sowie mit und ohne CCITT-Rauschen nach dem Comité Consultatif International Téléphonique et Télégraphique; 65/60 dB Signal-Noise(SN)-Ratio die Verständlichkeitsrate im Freifeld gemessen. Alle Ergebnisse wurden mittels 2-facher Varianzanalyse hinsichtlich signifikanter Unterschiede untersucht.
Ergebnisse
Es ließ sich in der Gruppe der Normalhörenden kein Unterschied zwischen den Geschlechtern feststellen. In einigen Fällen trat jedoch eine noch weiter zu klärende interindividuelle Variabilität im Antwortverhalten auf. In der Gruppe der Schwerhörigen konnte für alle 4 Messmethoden gegeneinander ein signifikanter Unterschied (p < 0,05) in den Antworten festgestellt werden. In dieser Gruppe zeigte sich zudem eine hohe interindividuelle Variabilität im Antwortverhalten. Unter dieser Voraussetzung ließen sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Wortlisten des Freiburger Einsilbertests nachweisen.
Schlussfolgerungen
Der Freiburger Einsilber-Sprachhörtest ist zur Evaluation des Erfolgs einer Hörgeräteversorgung mit und ohne Störschall geeignet. Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Wortlisten ließen sich nicht feststellen.
Several electrical methods have been studied for the detection of DNA hybridization on silicon chips, using capacitance or resistance changes of micro-arrays of electrode fingers. In this work, we ...studied the possibility of detecting DNA by the measurement of the resonance frequency shift of an inductor designed on Si substrate. Self-resonance frequency shift as large as 10 GHz before and after DNA hybridization has been measured for inductors made from standard CMOS process with a protective oxide coating and a DNA amplification based on silver enhancement.
Several electrical methods have been studied for the detection of DNA hybridization on silicon chips, using capacitance or resistance changes of micro-arrays of electrode fingers. In this work, we ...studied the possibility of detecting DNA by the measurement of the resonance frequency shift of an inductor designed on Si substrate. Self-resonance frequency shift as large as 10 GHz before and after DNA hybridization has been measured for inductors made from standard CMOS process. with a protective oxide coating and a DNA amplification based on silver enhancement.
The Freiburg speech test has been the gold standard in speech audiometry in Germany for many years. Previously, however, this test had not been evaluated in assessing the effectiveness of a hearing ...aid in background noise. Furthermore, the validity of particular word lists used in the test has been questioned repeatedly in the past, due to a suspected higher variation within these lists as compared to the other word list used.
In this prospective study, two groups of subjects normal hearing control subjects and patients with SNHL (sensorineural hearing loss) that had been fitted with hearing aid were examined. In a first group, 113 control subjects with normal age- and gender-related pure tone thresholds were assessed by means of the Freiburg monosyllabic test under free-field conditions at 65 dB. The second group comprised 104 patients that had been fitted with hearing aids at least 3 months previously to treat their SNHL. Members of the SNHL group were assessed by means of the Freiburg monosyllabic test both with and without hearing aids, and in the presence or absence of background noise (CCITT-noise; 65/60 dB signal-noise ratio, in accordance with the Comité Consultatif International Téléphonique et Télégraphique), under free-field conditions at 65 dB.
The first (control) group exhibited no gender-related differences in the Freiburg test results. In a few instances, inter-individual variability of responses was observed, although the reasons for this remain to be clarified. Within the second (patient) group, the Freiburg test results under the four different measurement conditions differed significantly from each other (p>0.05). This group exhibited a high degree of inter-individual variability between responses. In light of this, no significant differences in outcome could be assigned to the different word lists employed in the Freiburg speech test.
The Freiburg monosyllabic test is able to assess the extent of hearing loss, as well as the effectiveness of a fitted hearing aid, in the presence or absence of background-noise (CCITT-noise). The present study could not evidence statistically significant differences in outcome when using the different word lists in this test battery.
Magnetic field-induced orientation phenomena observed in many solid state NMR experiments of layered compounds have been explained in terms of the magnetic properties of these materials. Utilization ...of the effect to obtain "single crystal" spectra of powder samples leads to sensitive measurements of the NMR parameters which are otherwise not possible.
This paper presents an early attempt at developing a framework for studying organizational creativity in the IS domain. A managerial model of organizational creativity is proposed, tying together ...organizational inputs, creative processes, creative outputs and organizational outcomes based an research in organizational creativity, organizational innovation and strategic management. The model is discussed in the setting of the IS domain and shows not only how critical factors of the IS organization could affect the creative IS processes, but also how the outputs of the IS creative processes are related to organizational outcomes. We discuss the business value of IS creativity in terms of increased organizational effectiveness and efficiency. The model with supporting literature on creativity and IS is used to develop a framework for studying IS creativity. Several research propositions are suggested to test the model.< >
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