Some available evidence suggests that high consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is associated with a higher risk of obesity. Collectively, this association and the nutritional characteristics ...of UPFs suggest that UPFs might also be associated with hypertension.
We prospectively evaluated the relationship between UPF consumption and the risk of hypertension in a prospective Spanish cohort, the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra project. We included 14,790 Spanish adult university graduates who were initially free of hypertension at baseline who were followed for a mean of 9.1 years (SD, 3.9 years; total person-years: 134,784). UPF (industrial formulations of chemical compounds which, beyond substances of common culinary use such as salt, sugar, oils, and fats, include substances also derived from foods but not used in culinary preparations) consumption was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative 136-item food-frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hypertension incidence.
During follow-up, 1,702 incident cases of hypertension were identified. Participants in the highest tertile of UPF consumption had a higher risk of developing hypertension (adjusted HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06, 1.37; P for trend = 0.004) than those in the lowest tertile after adjusting for potential confounders.
In this large prospective cohort of Spanish middle-aged adult university graduates, a positive association between UPF consumption and hypertension risk was observed. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our results.
In evergreen tropical forests, the extent, magnitude, and controls on photosynthetic seasonality are poorly resolved and inadequately represented in Earth system models. Combining camera observations ...with ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes at forests across rainfall gradients in Amazônia, we show that aggregate canopy phenology, not seasonality of climate drivers, is the primary cause of photosynthetic seasonality in these forests. Specifically, synchronization of new leaf growth with dry season litterfall shifts canopy composition toward younger, more light-use efficient leaves, explaining large seasonal increases (~27%) in ecosystem photosynthesis. Coordinated leaf development and demography thus reconcile seemingly disparate observations at different scales and indicate that accounting for leaf-level phenology is critical for accurately simulating ecosystem-scale responses to climate change.
Ultraprocessed food consumption has increased in the past decade. Evidence suggests a positive association between ultraprocessed food consumption and the incidence of overweight and obesity. ...However, few prospective studies to our knowledge have investigated this potential relation in adults.
We evaluated the association between ultraprocessed food consumption and the risk of overweight and obesity in a prospective Spanish cohort, the SUN (University of Navarra Follow-Up) study.
We included 8451 middle-aged Spanish university graduates who were initially not overweight or obese and followed up for a median of 8.9 y. The consumption of ultraprocessed foods (defined as food and drink products ready to eat, drink, or heat and made predominantly or entirely from processed items extracted or refined from whole foods or synthesized in the laboratory) was assessed with the use of a validated semiquantitative 136-item food-frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for incident overweight and obesity.
A total of 1939 incident cases of overweight and obesity were identified during follow-up. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants in the highest quartile of ultraprocessed food consumption were at a higher risk of developing overweight or obesity (adjusted HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.45; P-trend = 0.001) than those in the lowest quartile of consumption.
Ultraprocessed food consumption was associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity in a prospective cohort of Spanish middle-aged adult university graduates. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our results. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02669602.
Describing the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and their association with the nutritional profiles among users of a health promotion service in a Brazilian city.
Cross-sectional study.
...Public health promotion service of Primary Health Care in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Totally, 3372 participants.
UPF were found to contribute to 27·7 % of the diet's total energy. The highest consumption was associated with higher values for energy intake (1561·8 v. 1331·8 kcal/d; P < 0·01), energy density (1·7 v. 1·4 kcal/g; P < 0·01), total (32·5 v. 27·3 %; P < 0·01) and trans-fats (2·1 v. 1·2 %; P < 0·01) and Na (1001·6 v. 758·9 mg/1000 kcal; P < 0·01) and with lower values for proteins (14·9 v. 19·6 %; P < 0·01), mono-unsaturated fats (16·1 v. 20·1 %; P = 0·02), n-3 (0·9 v. 1·1 %; P < 0·01) and some vitamins and minerals when comparing individuals in the last quintile of energy contribution from UPF in relation to the first one. The prevalence rate of nutrient inadequacy aimed at preventing non-communicable diseases increased between 30 % and 100 % when compared with the values of the fifth to the first quintile of UPF consumption (P < 0·001). However, the participants had lower energy intake, energy density and Na and higher fibre consumption when compared to Brazilian population.
Participants showed a high consumption of UPF, but also positive diet characteristics when compared with the national data. The results suggest the importance of health promotion services to promote healthy food and the need to include approaches to reduce UPF consumption.
Cet article ethnographique traite du phénomène de transmission des bijoux de famille et de ses effets, comme production d’ascendance. Il résulte d’une recherche plus ample où je montre qu’un bijou de ...famille n’est pas un bijou banal ; c’est un bijou « dans la famille », car il se constitue en dialogue avec des groupes affectifs. Ses transferts ont tendance à transiter verticalement, ils propagent des récits et signent une tutelle : il faut qu’on le conserve, qu’on en prenne soin, qu’on l’expose, qu’on le raconte, qu’on le transmette. Par ailleurs, le bijou de famille est un bien à caractère sacré et inaliénable, remis à celui ou à celle qui ne peut pas en disposer en toute liberté. À valeur économique, il est soumis au tabou de la vente, dispositif mis en œuvre pour le conserver dans la lignée.
Este artigo etnográfico trata do fenômeno de transmissão de joias de família e de seus efeitos, como produção de ancestralidade. Resulta de uma pesquisa mais ampla na qual demonstro que joia de família não é joia trivial; é joia tornada de família, pois se institui no acoplamento a grupos afetivos. Seus repasses tendem ao trânsito vertical, propagam narrativas e marcam tutela: espera-se que seja guardada, cuidada, exibida, narrada e repassada. Além disso, joia de família é posse de caráter sagrado e inalienável, cedida a quem dela não pode dispor por completo. Com valor de pecúnia, submete-se ao tabu da venda, dispositivo acionado para mantê-la na linhagem.
This ethnographic paper deals with the phenomenon of transmission of family jewelry and its effects, as a production of ancestry. It is the result of a broader research in which I show that a family jewel is not a ordinary jewel; it is a jewel « in the family », as it is constituted in connection with affective groups. Its transfers tend to transit vertically, propagate narratives and signal guardianship: it must be preserved, cared for, exhibited, recounted, and passed on. Moreover, family jewelry is a sacred and inalienable asset, entrusted to the person who cannot dispose of it freely. Because of its economic value, it is subject to the selling taboo, a device implemented to keep it in the family line.
Developing health promotion activities, aimed at healthy food intake, is essential for improving quality of life and reducing the prevalence of chronic diseases. Thus, the objective of this study is ...to describe both dietary and nutrient intake, according to length of participation in a health promotion service (Programa Academia da Saúde - PAS).
A cross-sectional study was carried out with a representative sample of PAS units in vulnerable areas of the city. Dietary and nutrient intake were assessed, using the average of two 24-h recalls. Food was categorised according to the NOVA (a systematic grouping of all foods according to the nature, extent and purpose of the industrial processes they undergo) classification. The length of participation in PAS is presented in months and is then examined in tertiles for analysis.
Belo Horizonte - Brazil.
3372 adults (≥20 years).
Users in the third tertile of PAS (24·4-61·6 months) experienced less energy intake, lipids and ultra-processed foods, and more culinary preparations, compared to others. Users in the second (10·1-24·3 months) and third tertiles of PAS had higher carbohydrate intake, Ca and vitamin C v those in the first tertile (0-10 months).
Results suggest that greater participation in PAS can improve dietary and nutrient intake, showing its potential to promote healthy lifestyles, prevent chronic diseases and offer longitudinal health care.
Objective
To describe COVID‐19 deaths among children and adolescents in Sergipe, Brazil.
Methods
Ecological study of all COVID‐19 reported cases and deaths occurring in children and ...adolescents < 19 years of age in Sergipe reported by the health surveillance and mortality information systems of Sergipe’s Health Secretary and hospital records.
Results
Of 37 deaths of children < 19 years old were reported up to 30 September 2020, corresponding to 4.87 deaths for 100 000 population < 19 years old. Most deaths occurred among infants (44.1/100 000), and this age group had the highest case fatality rate (15.3 %). Most children had comorbidities such as chronic neurological diseases (n = 7; 19%) and prematurity (n = 4; 11%). Most children who died (n = 18; 49%) were not admitted to intensive care units (ICUs).
Conclusion
COVID‐19 mortality in children and adolescents in Sergipe was higher than in other Brazilian states and in high‐income countries. A large proportion of the deaths occurred among children with comorbidities and a minority of children were admitted to ICU, reflecting the limited provision of such beds in the State. Newborns and infants are a high‐risk group that must have priority in health public policy.
ObjectifDécrire les décès par COVID‐19 chez les enfants et adolescents à Sergipe, au Brésil.
MéthodesEtude écologique de tous les cas et décès par COVID‐19 signalés chez des enfants et des adolescents <19 ans à Sergipe rapportés par les systèmes de surveillance de la santé et d’information sur la mortalité du Secrétariat de la Santé et les dossiers hospitaliers de Sergipe.
Résultats37 décès d'enfants <19 ans ont été signalés au 30 septembre 2020, correspondant à 4,87 décès pour 100.000 habitants de <19 ans. La plupart des décès sont survenus chez des nourrissons (44,1/100.000) et ce groupe d'âge avait le taux de létalité le plus élevé (15,3%). La plupart des enfants présentaient des comorbidités telles que des maladies neurologiques chroniques (n = 7; 19%) et une prématurité (n = 4; 11%). La plupart des enfants décédés (n = 18; 49%) n'avaient pas été admis dans des unités de soins intensifs.
ConclusionLa mortalité par COVID‐19 chez les enfants et les adolescents de Sergipe était plus élevée que dans les autres Etats brésiliens et dans les pays à revenu élevé. Une grande partie des décès est survenue chez des enfants souffrant de comorbidités et une minorité d’enfants avaient été admis aux soins intensifs, ce qui reflète la disponibilité limitée de ce type de lits dans l’Etat. Les nouveau‐nés et les nourrissons constituent un groupe à haut risque qui doit avoir la priorité dans les politiques de santé publiques.
Pericytes are multipotent perivascular cells whose involvement in vasculature development is well established. Evidences in the literature also suggest that pericytes display immune properties and ...that these cells may serve as an in vivo reservoir of stem cells, contributing to the regeneration of diverse tissues. Pericytes are also capable of tumor homing and are important cellular components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we highlight the contribution of pericytes to some classical hallmarks of cancer, namely, tumor angiogenesis, growth, metastasis, and evasion of immune destruction, and discuss how collectively these hallmarks could be tackled by therapies targeting pericytes, providing a rationale for cancer drugs aiming at the TME.
Obesity has been identified as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. However, dietary treatment of obesity is far from being a closed issue. Therefore, it is ...critical to identify the most appropriate obesity management approaches. The aim of this review was to summarize the effects, potentialities, and limitations of nutritional interventions aimed at managing obesity in primary and secondary health care settings, highlighting the most effective strategies and theories.
This systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluated nutritional interventions aimed at achieving weight loss in primary and secondary health care patients. All screening and extraction processes were conducted according to PRISMA.
From an initial 7816 studies that were identified, 28 met the criteria and were included in the review. Most studies were conducted in a developed country in primary care, with a higher proportion of women. Most of the nutrition interventions maintained continuous contacts during follow-up, and telephone calls were the most commonly used technology. A physical activity component was included in most studies, and the most common dietary approaches used were energy restrictions, changes in macronutrient distribution, and diet self-monitoring. Regarding theories, interventions mainly incorporated Social Cognitive Theory and Motivational Interviewing. Most trials presented significant and moderate weight loss (~5%), in which the key contributors were behavioral theories, the dietary approach of calorie restriction, and interventions delivered by dietitians and psychologists.
Most trials presented better weight loss results with the association of calorie restrictions and theory-based interventions delivered by dietitians or psychologists. We identified the need to develop interventions in other contexts, such as low- and middle-income countries; further trials comparing a theory- versus not-theory–driven intervention; group-based versus individually based intervention; and intervention using or not using technology.
•Most trials were effective in producing significant and moderate weight loss (≅5.0%).•Better weight loss results when nutritional interventions have caloric restrictions.•Theory-based interventions delivered by dietitians or psychologist were also better.•It is needed to develop interventions in other contexts (low and middle-income countries).
Association between food insecurity and food intake Araújo, Melissa Luciana de; Mendonça, Raquel de Deus; Lopes Filho, José Divino ...
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.),
October 2018, 2018-10-00, 20181001, Letnik:
54
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•Food insecurity negatively affected the fruit and vegetable consumption.•Food insecurity did not change the intake of ultra-processed foods.•It is important to develop actions to reduce social ...inequities to promote healthy food.•There is an intrinsic relation between alimentary systems and food consumption.
We aim to identify the prevalence of food insecurity and to ascertain the association between food insecurity and food intake.
A cross-sectional survey.
The study included users of a primary healthcare service in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from 2013 to 2014. Socioeconomic, health, and food intake data were gathered using a questionnaire and the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale.
Individuals 20 years old or older (n = 2817).
The prevalence of food insecurity among families with individuals under 18 years was 41.0%, and 26.4% in other households. After adjusting for potential confounders, the households in food insecurity with members under 18 years old, the consumption of fruits and vegetables (RP = 0.70, 95%IC: 0.58–0.84), and fruits (RP = 0.74, 95%IC: 0.59–0.93) was lower; and consumption of beans was higher (RP = 1.49, 95%IC: 1.06–2.09) compared to those with food security. In households without members under 18 years old, the consumption of fruits and vegetables (RP = 0.68, 95%IC: 0.58–0.79), fruits (RP = 0.61, 95%IC: 0.50–0.74), and beans (RP = 0.78, 95%IC: 0.63–0.97) was lower; and the consumption of tubers (RP = 1.36, 95%IC: 1.03–1.79) was higher. However, the state of food insecurity did not affect the consumption of ultra-processed foods, independently of age, sex, marital status, educational level, and employed status.
Food insecurity negatively affected the fruit and vegetable consumption in both types of families tested. The consumption of beans was higher in households with children and adolescents, and the consumption of tubers was higher in households without children and adolescents. However, food insecurity did not change the intake of ultraprocessed foods.
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