Mexican specialists in oncology, oncologic surgery, thoracic surgery, pneumology, pathology, molecular biology, anesthesiology, algology, psychology, nutrition, and rehabilitation (all of them ...experts in lung cancer treatment) in order to develop the National Consensus on Lung Cancer. The consensus has been developed as an answer to the need of updated Mexican guidelines for the optimal treatment of the disease, as well as to the requirements that such guidelines be established by multidisciplinary panel, depicting the current attention given to cancer lung cases in Mexico. Thus, this paper analyses the epidemiological review, screening, diagnosis, staging, pathology, translational medicine, and the suitable therapies for early, locally advanced, and metastatic disease in the first, second, and third lines of management, as well as rehabilitation and palliative measures.
Activation of pancreatic β-cell proliferation has been proposed as an approach to replace reduced functional β-cell mass in diabetes. Quiescent fibroblasts exit from G0 (quiescence) to G1 through pRb ...phosphorylation mediated by cyclin C/cdk3 complexes. Overexpression of cyclin D1, D2, D3, or cyclin E induces pancreatic β-cell proliferation. We hypothesized that cyclin C overexpression would induce β-cell proliferation through G0 exit, thus being a potential therapeutic target to recover functional β-cell mass. We used isolated rat and human islets transduced with adenovirus expressing cyclin C. We measured multiple markers of proliferation: 3Hthymidine incorporation, BrdU incorporation and staining, and Ki67 staining. Furthermore, we detected β-cell death by TUNEL, β-cell differentiation by RT-PCR, and β-cell function by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Interestingly, we have found that cyclin C increases rat and human β-cell proliferation. This augmented proliferation did not induce β-cell death, dedifferentiation, or dysfunction in rat or human islets. Our results indicate that cyclin C is a potential target for inducing β-cell regeneration.
El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del clima y un protocolo de sincronización de celo sobre el inicio de la pubertad, gestación y parición de borregas Texel x Romney fuera de la estación ...reproductiva. El experimento se llevó a cabo en la Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA) del INTA (Corrientes, Argentina) con 26 borregas Texel x Romney de 11 meses de edad y 47.0 ± 2.2 kg de peso. Se utilizó un protocolo de sincronización de celo por medio de esponjas intravaginales con acetato de medroxiprogesterona - MAP (60 mg) por siete días y 400 UI de eCG al retiro de las esponjas. Dos machos Dorper fértiles fueron introducidos el día del retiro de las esponjas. El diagnóstico de gestación por ultrasonografía rectal se realizó a los 50 días de la monta. Se obtuvieron datos meteorológicos para calcular el índice de temperatura-humedad (ITH) y determinar el grado de estrés calórico. El 69.2% de las ovejas fueron montadas a las 48 h, 15 borregas fueron consideradas como gestantes y nueve parieron. Durante la gestación, las ovejas estuvieron expuestas a estrés severo y extremo el 23 y 50% de estos días. El promedio de peso al nacer fue 1.5 ± 0.5 kg.
Phosphate is an essential macronutrient required for cell growth and division. Pho84 is the major high-affinity cell-surface phosphate importer of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a crucial element in ...the phosphate homeostatic system of this model yeast. We found that loss of Candida albicans Pho84 attenuated virulence in Drosophila and murine oropharyngeal and disseminated models of invasive infection, and conferred hypersensitivity to neutrophil killing. Susceptibility of cells lacking Pho84 to neutrophil attack depended on reactive oxygen species (ROS): pho84-/- cells were no more susceptible than wild type C. albicans to neutrophils from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease, or to those whose oxidative burst was pharmacologically inhibited or neutralized. pho84-/- mutants hyperactivated oxidative stress signalling. They accumulated intracellular ROS in the absence of extrinsic oxidative stress, in high as well as low ambient phosphate conditions. ROS accumulation correlated with diminished levels of the unique superoxide dismutase Sod3 in pho84-/- cells, while SOD3 overexpression from a conditional promoter substantially restored these cells' oxidative stress resistance in vitro. Repression of SOD3 expression sharply increased their oxidative stress hypersensitivity. Neither of these oxidative stress management effects of manipulating SOD3 transcription was observed in PHO84 wild type cells. Sod3 levels were not the only factor driving oxidative stress effects on pho84-/- cells, though, because overexpressing SOD3 did not ameliorate these cells' hypersensitivity to neutrophil killing ex vivo, indicating Pho84 has further roles in oxidative stress resistance and virulence. Measurement of cellular metal concentrations demonstrated that diminished Sod3 expression was not due to decreased import of its metal cofactor manganese, as predicted from the function of S. cerevisiae Pho84 as a low-affinity manganese transporter. Instead of a role of Pho84 in metal transport, we found its role in TORC1 activation to impact oxidative stress management: overexpression of the TORC1-activating GTPase Gtr1 relieved the Sod3 deficit and ROS excess in pho84-/- null mutant cells, though it did not suppress their hypersensitivity to neutrophil killing or hyphal growth defect. Pharmacologic inhibition of Pho84 by small molecules including the FDA-approved drug foscarnet also induced ROS accumulation. Inhibiting Pho84 could hence support host defenses by sensitizing C. albicans to oxidative stress.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del clima y un protocolo de sincronización de celo sobre el inicio de la pubertad, gestación y parición de borregas Texel x Romney fuera de la estación ...reproductiva. El experimento se llevó a cabo en la Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA) del INTA (Corrientes, Argentina) con 26 borregas Texel x Romney de 11 meses de edad y 47.0 ± 2.2 kg de peso. Se utilizó un protocolo de sincronización de celo por medio de esponjas intravaginales con acetato de medroxiprogesterona – MAP (60 mg) por siete días y 400 UI de eCG al retiro de las esponjas. Dos machos Dorper fértiles fueron introducidos el día del retiro de las esponjas. El diagnóstico de gestación por ultrasonografía rectal se realizó a los 50 días de la monta. Se obtuvieron datos meteorológicos para calcular el índice de temperatura-humedad (ITH) y determinar el grado de estrés calórico. El 69.2% de las ovejas fueron montadas a las 48 h, 15 borregas fueron consideradas como gestantes y nueve parieron. Durante la gestación, las ovejas estuvieron expuestas a estrés severo y extremo el 23 y 50% de estos días. El promedio de peso al nacer fue 1.5 ± 0.5 kg.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two prevalent diseases with comparable pathophysiological features and genetic predisposition. Patients with AD are more susceptible to ...develop T2D. However, the molecular mechanism linking AD and T2D remains elusive. In this study, we have generated a new mouse model to test the hypothesis that AD would prompt the onset of T2D in mice. To test our hypothesis, we crossed Alzheimer APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice with mice partially deficient in leptin signaling (db/+). Body weight, plasma glucose, and insulin levels were monitored. Phenotypic characterization of glucose metabolism was performed using glucose and insulin tolerance tests. β-Cell mass, islet volume, and islet number were analyzed by histomorphometry. APP/PS1 coexpression in mice with intact leptin receptor signaling did not show any metabolic perturbations in glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity. In contrast, APP/PS1 coexpression in db/+ mice resulted in nonfasting hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypercholesterolemia without changes in body weight. Conversely, fasting blood glucose and cholesterol levels remained unchanged. Coinciding with altered glucose metabolism, APP/PS1 coexpression in db/+ mice resulted in glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin signaling. In addition, histomorphometric analysis of pancreata revealed augmented β-cell mass. Taken together, these findings provide experimental evidence to support the notion that aberrant Aβ production might be a mechanistic link underlying the pathology of insulin resistance and T2D in AD. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
México es el principal productor y exportador de aguacate en el mundo. Los trips son considerados una de las principales plagas de este cultivo, ya que se alimentan del fruto pequeño y forman crestas ...o protuberancias, las cuales al crecer el fruto son más visibles, y este pierde valor económico. Además de este daño, las heridas causadas por los trips son el principal causante para que entre la enfermedad denominada roña de fruto. Las alternativas de control de los trips han carecido de eficacia debido, entre otras causas, a que se desconoce su distribución espacial dentro de las huertas de aguacate. Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo determinar la distribución espacial de las poblaciones de trips en aguacate mediante el uso de técnicas de estadística espacial que condujeron a la generación de mapas por medio del “krigeado”. Los resultados demostraron que las poblaciones de trips presentan una distribución de tipo agregada, que fue corroborada por los mapas de densidad. Las infestaciones se distribuyeron en el 100 % de la superficie de las dos parcelas experimentales, lo cual resulta interesante para dirigir las medidas de control sobre áreas específicas de infestación. Se logró determinar estabilidad espacial y temporal a corto plazo de las poblaciones de trips.
Studies report high in-hospital and post-discharge mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations varying depending upon patient characteristics, hospital resources and ...treatment standards. This study aimed to investigate the patient, resource and organisational factors associated with in-hospital and 90-day post-discharge mortality and readmission of COPD exacerbations within the European COPD Audit. The audit collected data of COPD exacerbation admissions from 13 European countries.On admission, only 49.7% of COPD patients had spirometry results available and only 81.6% had blood gases taken. Using logistic regression analysis, the risk associated with in-hospital and post-discharge mortality was higher age, presence of acidotic respiratory failure, subsequent need for ventilatory support and presence of comorbidity. In addition, the 90-day risk of COPD readmission was associated with previous admissions. Only the number of respiratory specialists per 1000 beds, a variable related to hospital resources, decreased the risk of post-discharge mortality.The European COPD Audit identifies risk factors associated with in-hospital and post-discharge mortality and COPD readmission. Addressing the deficiencies in acute COPD care such as making spirometry available and measuring blood gases and providing noninvasive ventilation more regularly would provide opportunities to improve COPD outcomes.
The establishment of the rhizobium-legume nitrogen-fixing symbiosis relies on the interchange of molecular signals between the two symbionts. We have previously studied by RNA-seq the effect of the ...symbiotic regulators NodD1, SyrM, and TtsI on the expression of the symbiotic genes (the
regulon) of
HH103 upon treatment with the isoflavone genistein. In this work we have further investigated this regulatory network by incorporating new RNA-seq data of HH103 mutants in two other regulatory genes,
and
. Both genes code for global regulators with a predominant repressor effect on the
regulon, although NodD2 acts as an activator of a small number of HH103 symbiotic genes.
By combining RNA-seq data, qPCR experiments, and b-galactosidase assays of HH103 mutants harbouring a
gene inserted into a regulatory gene, we have analysed the regulatory relations between the
,
,
,
, and
genes, confirming previous data and discovering previously unknown relations.
Previously we showed that HH103 mutants in the
,
,
, or
genes gain effective nodulation with
, a model legume, although with different symbiotic performances. Here we show that the combinations of mutations in these genes led, in most cases, to a decrease in symbiotic effectiveness, although all of them retained the ability to induce the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules. In fact, the
,
, and
single and double mutants share a set of Nod factors, either overproduced by them or not generated by the wild-type strain, that might be responsible for gaining effective nodulation with
.
![Cyclin C stimulates [Beta]-...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0193-1849/small "Cyclin C stimulates [Beta]-cell proliferation in rat and human pancreatic [Beta]-cells")
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