Exaggerated sensory activity has been assumed to contribute to functional impairment following lesion of the central motor pathway. However, recent studies have suggested that sensory contribution to ...muscle activity during gait is reduced in stroke patients and children with cerebral palsy (CP). We investigated whether this also occurs in CP adults and whether daily treadmill training is accompanied by alterations in sensory contribution to muscle activity. Seventeen adults with CP and 12 uninjured individuals participated. The participants walked on a treadmill while a robotized ankle-foot orthosis applied unload perturbations at the ankle, thereby removing sensory feedback naturally activated during push-off. Reduction of electromyographic (EMG) activity in the soleus muscle caused by unloads was compared and related to kinematics and ankle joint stiffness measurements. Similar measures were obtained after 6 wk of gait training. We found that sensory contribution to soleus EMG activation was reduced in CP adults compared with uninjured adults. The lowest contribution of sensory feedback was found in participants with lowest maximal gait speed. This was related to increased ankle plantar flexor stiffness. Six weeks of gait training did not alter the contribution of sensory feedback. We conclude that exaggerated sensory activity is unlikely to contribute to impaired gait in CP adults, because sensory contribution to muscle activity during gait was reduced compared with in uninjured individuals. Increased passive stiffness around the ankle joint is likely to diminish sensory feedback during gait so that a larger part of plantar flexor muscle activity must be generated by descending motor commands.
Findings suggest that adults with cerebral palsy have less contribution of sensory feedback to ongoing soleus muscle activation during push-off than uninjured individuals. Increased passive stiffness around the ankle joint is likely to diminish sensory feedback during gait, and/or sensory feedback is less integrated with central motor commands in the activation of spinal motor neurons. Consequently, muscle activation must to a larger extent rely on descending drive, which is already decreased because of the cerebral lesion.
BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) is a recognised tumour suppressor gene. Germline BAP1 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants are associated with predisposition to multiple tumours, including uveal ...melanoma, malignant pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, renal cell carcinoma and specific non-malignant neoplasms of the skin, as part of the autosomal dominant BAP1-tumour predisposition syndrome. The overall lifetime risk for BAP1 carriers to develop at least one BAP1-associated tumour is up to 85%, although due to ascertainment bias, current estimates of risk are likely to be overestimated. As for many rare cancer predisposition syndromes, there is limited scientific evidence to support the utility of surveillance and, therefore, management recommendations for BAP1 carriers are based on expert opinion. To date, European recommendations for BAP1 carriers have not been published but are necessary due to the emerging phenotype of this recently described syndrome and increased identification of BAP1 carriers via large gene panels or tumour sequencing. To address this, the Clinical Guideline Working Group of the CanGene-CanVar project in the United Kingdom invited European collaborators to collaborate to develop guidelines to harmonize surveillance programmes within Europe. Recommendations with respect to BAP1 testing and surveillance were achieved following literature review and Delphi survey completed by a core group and an extended expert group of 34 European specialists including Geneticists, Ophthalmologists, Oncologists, Dermatologists and Pathologists. It is recognised that these largely evidence-based but pragmatic recommendations will evolve over time as further data from research collaborations informs the phenotypic spectrum and surveillance outcomes.
We investigated the nosographic and diagnostic probabilities and likelihood ratios of dermatoscopy in order to evaluate the method's role in decision-making regarding melanoma. Clinical slides and ...dermatoscopic photos were obtained from 232 patients referred for dermatoscopy. Four dermatoscopy "experts" and 5 "non-experts" assessed the slides. Diagnoses were compared with histopathology. Sensitivity of the clinical assessments was 0.78 vs. 0.69 ("experts" vs. "non-experts"), sensitivity of dermatoscopy assessment was 0.83 vs. 0.69 (p = 0.04). The expert group demonstrated increased specificity (from 0.89 to 0.94) when applying dermatoscopy compared with clinical assessment alone (p=0.03). Positive likelihood ratios were doubled in the "expert group" and the negative likelihood ratios improved 25% with dermatoscopy compared with clinical assessment.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The dermatoscopic ABCD rule has been suggested to improve diagnostic performance regarding cutaneous malignant melanoma. Using this rule, a total dermatoscopy score is calculated from the presence of ...various dermatoscopic elements. A total dermatoscopy score above 4.75 signifies possible and 5.45 probable melanoma. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of dermatoscopy with and without the use of the ABCD rule. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed for the ABCD rule. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.854 (range 0.777-0.906) demonstrating that in 85.4% of the cases, cutaneous malignant melanomas were rated higher than the non-melanoma skin lesions. Sensitivity for the melanoma diagnosis was higher for simple dermatoscopy than when the ABCD rule was used (p<0.05). There was no difference in specificity when a total dermatoscopy score of 4.75 was used as cut-off point, but specificity was lower for simple dermatoscopy than when the total dermatoscopy score of 5.45 was used. Diagnostic accuracy was higher for simple dermatoscopy than for the ABCD rule (p<0.01). In conclusion, the dermatoscopic ABCD rule was not superior to simple dermatoscopy, and fewer malignant melanomas were identified with this rule.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Ninety-six patients who had undergone first-time discectomy for herniated lumbar intervertebral discs were consecutively randomized to two physical rehabilitation programs: a program of ...high-intensity, dynamic back extension and abdominal exercises with occurrence of low back pain being the limiting factor or a traditional program of mild, generally mobility-improving exercises within pain limits. Both groups underwent 14 hours of treatment during a 6-week period 5 weeks after surgery. At 26 weeks' follow-up, results indicated that patients who did the high-intensity exercises experienced greater success with regard to the patient disability-index and work capabilities. After 1 year, a trend that favored the use of intensive exercises could be observed. No differences were found in pain or objective measurements. A rehabilitation program of intensive exercises with occurrence of back pain being the limiting factor appears to increase patient behavioral support, resulting in work capacity improvements and patient self-rated disability levels. The results indicate that a 6-wk, 14-hr postoperative rehabilitation program is inadequate if objective postoperative deficit improvements are the desired goal.
Irreversible damage of renal transplants may be prevented if insufficient graft perfusion can be detected perioperatively. Colour and spectral Doppler ultrasonography were performed in 30 consecutive ...renal transplants. The perfusion of the graft and the Resistive Index (RI) were evaluated perioperatively (perioperatively and less than 15 min postoperatively) and 24 h after the operation in all patients. In four cases (13.3%) RI > 0.9 was detected and immediate surgical correction of the cause led to a normalization (RI < 0.8) in all four cases. A RI < 0.9 required no intervention in 26 cases (86.7%). All renal grafts in this series were functioning 1 month postoperatively. In a comparative group, 30 consecutive transplants carried out at our institution without perioperative Doppler ultrasonography evaluation, a loss of four renal grafts perioperatively was recorded retrospectively. We conclude that perioperative ultrasonography Doppler evaluation may provide an easy applicable and reliable method for early detection of insufficient renal graft perfusion, allowing surgical correction before irreversible damage of the graft occurs. RI > 0.9 is pathological. A continuation of the study is required to clarify the long-term value of perioperative Doppler ultrasonography graft monitoring.
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