Free-electron lasers producing ultrashort pulses with high peak power promise to extend ultrafast non-linear spectroscopic techniques into the extreme-ultraviolet–X-ray regime. Key aspects are the ...synchronization between pump and probe, and the control of the pulse properties (duration, intensity and coherence). Externally seeded free-electron lasers produce coherent pulses that can be synchronized with femtosecond accuracy. An important goal is to shorten the pulse duration, but the simple approach of shortening the seed is not sufficient because of the finite-gain bandwidth of the conversion process. An alternative is the amplification of a soliton in a multistage, superradiant cascade: here, we demonstrate the generation of few-femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses, whose duration we measure by autocorrelation. We achieve pulses four times shorter, and with a higher peak power, than in the standard high-gain harmonic generation mode and we prove that the pulse duration matches the Fourier transform limit of the spectral intensity distribution.By amplifying a soliton in a multistage cascade, few-femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet free-electron laser pulses are achieved.
In this contribution we present the achievements of the CUORE experiment so far. It is the first tonne-scale bolometric detector and it is in stable data taking since 2018. We reached to collect ...about 1800 kg×yr of exposure of which more than 1 ton×year have been analysed. The CUORE detector is meant to search for the neutrinoless double β decay (0νββ) of the 130Te isotope. This is a beyond Standard Model process which could establish the nature of the neutrino to be Dirac or a Majorana particle. It is an alternative mode of the two-neutrinos double β decay, a rare decay which have been precisely measured by CUORE in the 130Te. We found no evidence of the 0νββ and we set a Bayesian lower limit of 2.2 ×1025yr on its half-life. The expertise achieved by CUORE set a milestone for any future bolometric detector, including CUPID, which is the planned next generation experiment searching for 0νββ with scintillating bolometers.
This study assessed the ability to remove micro-pollutants from wastewater using herbaceous species (
Phragmites australis
L.) and trees (
Salix matsudana
Koidz.) in constructed wetland (CW) systems. ...The targets of the study were as follows: (i) pharmaceuticals like diclofenac, ketoprofen, and atenolol; (ii) 4-
n
-NP (4-
n
-nonylphenol) and the ethoxylated derivatives monoethoxylated nonylphenol (NP
1
EO) and diethoxylated nonylphenol (NP
2
EO); (iii) triclosan, a bactericide used in personal care products. The 12 CW systems, filled with clay and gravel, were irrigated with wastewater from municipal area of Pagnana (Tuscany, Italy) and influent and effluent water samples analyzed periodically by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The removal efficiency of CWs planted with willow and common red ranged from 8.4 up to 100%, with the higher removal efficiency for triclosan. On the contrary, the removal efficiency of NPs and NPEOs appears lower than pharmaceuticals. Data demonstrated that
P. australis
efficiently removed NP, diclofenac, and atenolol, while
S. matsudana
preferentially removed NP
1
EO, NP
2
EO, ketoprofene, and triclosan. A specific selection of plants used in CWs could be exploited for the removal of specific xenobiotics from wastewater.
Abstract CRESST is one of the most prominent direct detection experiments for dark matter particles with sub-GeV/c $$^2$$ 2 mass. One of the advantages of the CRESST experiment is the possibility to ...include a large variety of nuclides in the target material used to probe dark matter interactions. In this work, we discuss in particular the interactions of dark matter particles with protons and neutrons of $$^{6}$$ 6 Li. This is now possible thanks to new calculations on nuclear matrix elements of this specific isotope of Li. To show the potential of using this particular nuclide for probing dark matter interactions, we used the data collected previously by a CRESST prototype based on LiAlO $$_2$$ 2 and operated in an above ground test-facility at Max-Planck-Institut für Physik in Munich, Germany. In particular, the inclusion of $$^{6}$$ 6 Li in the limit calculation drastically improves the result obtained for spin-dependent interactions with neutrons in the whole mass range. The improvement is significant, greater than two order of magnitude for dark matter masses below 1 GeV/c $$^2$$ 2 , compared to the limit previously published with the same data.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is the most sensitive experiment searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay (\(0\nu\beta\beta\)) in \(^{130}\text{Te}\). CUORE uses a ...cryogenic array of 988 TeO\(_2\) calorimeters operated at \(\sim\)10 mK with a total mass of 741 kg. To further increase the sensitivity, the detector response must be well understood. Here, we present a non-linear thermal model for the CUORE experiment on a detector-by-detector basis. We have examined both equilibrium and dynamic electro-thermal models of detectors by numerically fitting non-linear differential equations to the detector data of a subset of CUORE channels which are well characterized and representative of all channels. We demonstrate that the hot-electron effect and electric-field dependence of resistance in NTD-Ge thermistors alone are inadequate to describe our detectors' energy dependent pulse shapes. We introduce an empirical second-order correction factor in the exponential temperature dependence of the thermistor, which produces excellent agreement with energy-dependent pulse shape data up to 6 MeV. We also present a noise analysis using the fitted thermal parameters and show that the intrinsic thermal noise is negligible compared to the observed noise for our detectors.
We investigate the three dimensional substructure of hadronic showers in the CALICE scintillator-steel hadronic calorimeter. The high granularity of the detector is used to find track segments of ...minimum ionising particles within hadronic showers, providing sensitivity to the spatial structure and the details of secondary particle production in hadronic cascades. The multiplicity, length and angular distribution of identified track segments are compared to GEANT4 simulations with several different shower models. Track segments also provide the possibility for in-situ calibration of highly granular calorimeters.
The rhinophyma is an important soft-tissue hypertrophy of the nose. In literature a wide range of surgical approaches to rhinophyma has been described such as dermoabrasion, scalpel shave, ...cryosurgery, electrocautery, near total excision with skin grafting, and laser excision.
The authors describe their experience with CO(2) ultrapulsed laser in 14 elderly male patients, using their personal approach, the Downward steps technique. With this technique they removed the pathological hypertrophic tissue using a progressive reduction of the laser power during the treatment. They obtained good results from morphological and aesthetic point of view, in a single laser session.
Major complications such as hypertrophic scars, infections, hyperpigmentation were not observed.
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE\(\nu\)NS) poses an irreducible background in the search for dark matter-nucleus elastic scatterings, which is commonly known as the neutrino floor. As ...direct dark matter search experiments keep improving their sensitivity into so far unexplored regions, they face the challenge of approaching this neutrino floor. A precise description of the CE\(\nu\)NS signal is therefore crucial for the description of backgrounds for future DM searches. In this work we discuss the scenario of detecting neutrinos in low-threshold, high-exposure cryogenic solid state experiments optimized for the search of low-mass dark matter. The energy range considered is completely dominated by solar neutrinos. In absence of any dark matter events, we treat solar neutrinos as the main signal of interest. We show that sensitivity to the flux of neutrinos from different production mechanisms can be achieved. In particular we investigate the sensitivity to the flux of pp and \(^{7}\)Be neutrinos, as well as CNO neutrinos. Furthermore, we investigate the sensitivity to dark matter signals in the presence of a solar neutrino background for different experimental scenarios, which are defined by three parameters: the target material, the energy threshold and the exposure. We show that experiments with thresholds of \(\mathcal{O}\)(eV) and exposures of \(\mathcal{O}\)(tonne-years), using CaWO\(_{4}\) or Al\(_{2}\)O\(_{3}\) targets, have discovery potential for dark matter interaction cross sections in the neutrino floor.
The authors present their experience in treating 23 fingers on 20 patients affected by Dupuytrens Disease in stages III and IV of the Tubiana classification with their personal technique that ...involves the percutaneous needle fasciotomy followed 40 days after by a selective open aponeurectomy on the previously treated cord, by making a small cutaneous incision. The treatment requires careful selection of the patients. In fact, patients suffering from the disease for more than 5 years and all the cases with a suspicion of joint rigidity are excluded from the study. The average follow up period was approximately 48 months. 18 out of the 20 patients had excellent functional recovery. Skin grafts or local flaps are not required after selective aponeurectomy with these surgical steps. The advantages of this technique include its simplicity, minimal discomfort to patients, rapid functional recovery, low recurrence rate and low cost.
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