After comparing the bacterial load of black-yolked salted duck eggs (BSE) and that of duck eggs with different cleanliness degrees, it was found that the total bacterial count on the shell of ...severely stained eggs (DE) was distinctly higher than that on the shell of non-visually stained eggs (CE), and the total bacterial count in the shell membrane and contents of BSE increased greatly. Furthermore, 16S rDNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the differences in the composition and abundance of bacterial communities in CE, DE and BSE. It turned out that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla, accounting for 34.35%, 27.25% and 17.28% of the total abundance, respectively, while Bacteroidetes accounted for 8.29% of the total abundance. Proteobacteria was the dominant bacteria in DE and accounted for 89.01% of the total abundance, while the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were 6.16% and 3.98%. The dominant phyla in BSE were Proteobacteria (76.50%), Bacteroidetes (8.00%), Actinobacteria (6.76%) and Firmicutes (5.43%). The abundance of Proteobacteria in DE and BSE was significantly increased. The dominant bacterial genera in CE were Nesterdella (9.08%), Campylobacter (7.91%), Streptococcus (3.41%) and Oligomonas (2.92%). In DE, Psychrobacter was the dominant genus, accounting for 86.01% of the total abundance, and the relative abundance of Acinetobacter was 2.20%. The dominant bacteria in BSE were Rolstonia (22.91%), Serratia (5.05%) and Actinomycetes (3.32%). The cluster analysis of bacterial diversity showed that the dominant microorganisms of BSE were close to those of DE. The microbial phenotype analysis showed that the dominant microorganisms of BSE were Gram-negative bacteria, had high oxidative stress tolerance and pathogenicity, and could tolerate oxidizing detergents. The results of microbial gene function prediction and species composition of metabolic pathways demonstrated that bacterial carbohydrate decomposition, lipid transport and metabolic oxidation in DE were stronger than those in CE. More coenzyme transport and metabolic pathways could make the biochemical reactions of bacteria from DE faster to produce more secondary metabolites, thus resulting in changes in the quality of duck eggs. This is consistent with the highest bacterial abundance in the secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transport and catabolism pathways in BSE. The results of this study provide theoretical support for the cleaner production of duck eggs.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） is a life threatening, upper respiratory disease. Its cause is a coronavirus, SARS-CoV. Since its emergence in 2003 in China, SARS has affected more than 8000 ...patients and caused 776 deaths in 26 countries. A reemergence of SARS occurred in Guangdong province, in which the first case was confirmed on January 5, 2004 and three more reported the following month.
碩士
國立臺北教育大學
藝術與造形設計學系碩士班
100
English Summary
Under a nice background for developing liberal art, then it is possible for people to create both thriving and lively culture of Children Theatre. ...Activities of Children Theatre should be actively propagated not only in cities, but in vast regions of countryside. In those towns and villages, it is essential to cultivate cultural environments. Only when people display the specific local spirit can they establish both a concrete pattern of Taiwanese Children Theatre, and an art culture which is rich of vigour.
Nowadays, in Nantou County, the realization of teaching libral art in elementary school and junior high is still pretty poor. To Nine Nine Troupe, under present situation that the majority of the members are still teachers, researcher tried to realize the whole procedure of promotion and drama-composition of Children Theatre through detailed interviews and close observations. Futhermore, researcher noticed some obstacles the crew encoutered when troupe runs a t
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