Abstract
More than 50 000 papers have been published about COVID-19 since the beginning of 2020 and several hundred new papers continue to be published every day. This incredible rate of scientific ...productivity leads to information overload, making it difficult for researchers, clinicians and public health officials to keep up with the latest findings. Automated text mining techniques for searching, reading and summarizing papers are helpful for addressing information overload. In this review, we describe the many resources that have been introduced to support text mining applications over the COVID-19 literature; specifically, we discuss the corpora, modeling resources, systems and shared tasks that have been introduced for COVID-19. We compile a list of 39 systems that provide functionality such as search, discovery, visualization and summarization over the COVID-19 literature. For each system, we provide a qualitative description and assessment of the system’s performance, unique data or user interface features and modeling decisions. Many systems focus on search and discovery, though several systems provide novel features, such as the ability to summarize findings over multiple documents or linking between scientific articles and clinical trials. We also describe the public corpora, models and shared tasks that have been introduced to help reduce repeated effort among community members; some of these resources (especially shared tasks) can provide a basis for comparing the performance of different systems. Finally, we summarize promising results and open challenges for text mining the COVID-19 literature.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Social media‐based online communities are becoming increasingly popular for various social interactions, including those for healthcare and health‐related activities. The benefits from these ...activities, however, are constrained by how a platform is designed, as a platform's design defines what activities can be done and how individuals can engage and interact on the platform. In this study, we focus on weight‐loss communities and social tools that facilitate social communication and establish a variety of relationships between users. In particular, we examine the effectiveness of one‐way and two‐way social relationships on individuals’ weight‐loss management. Drawing from theories of social support, social reciprocity, and social indebtedness, we use two‐way friendship relationships to proxy perceived support and one‐way commenting relationships to proxy received support and conjecture that they work through different pathways. We find, through empirical analyses, that both types of social relationships as well as self‐monitoring are effective in promoting weight loss, but perceived and received support have different impacts. Whereas both perceived and received support are positively related to weight‐loss outcomes, the effect of received support is found to be higher than that of perceived support and the difference is statistically significant. Moreover, we find that received support is positively associated with self‐monitoring behaviors, whereas perceived support is not. These findings provide insights for platform providers to improve the social design aspect of online services and for healthcare practitioners in their efforts to advise individuals on weight self‐management. Our results also can be used to design and implement more effective online interventions.
The United States has the highest rate of obesity in the world. To help address this problem, social support is gaining credibility as a powerful tool to facilitate weight loss because it can affect ...people's behavior. Although social support has long been recognized for its effectiveness in promoting health, we argue, in this study, that social support may not always lead to good outcomes. Specifically, we differentiate between support providers and support seekers, and examine whether providing and receiving support affect individuals’ weight‐loss outcomes differently. By analyzing a group of individuals participating in an online weight‐loss community, we show that providing and receiving support does affect weight‐loss outcomes in different ways. First, the influences are dynamic. Second, while providing support is positively associated with weight‐loss progress, receiving support could hinder weight‐loss outcome for a person with high self‐efficacy in weight‐loss progress. Third, by categorizing social support into different types, we find evidence suggesting that the match between needed and received social support type also influences individuals’ performance in the weight‐loss process. Furthermore, mismatches of social support could negatively affect weight‐loss outcomes. These findings have implications for maximizing the usefulness of social support for participants in the online environment as well as for clinicians who refer individuals to online weight‐loss communities and for those who design them.
ABSTRACT
Recovering the birth radii of observed stars in the Milky Way is one of the ultimate goals of Galactic Archaeology. One method to infer the birth radius and the evolution of the interstellar ...medium (ISM) metallicity assumes a linear relation between the ISM metallicity with radius at any given look-back time. Here, we test the reliability of this assumption by using four zoom-in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations from the NIHAO-UHD project. We find that one can infer precise birth radii only when the stellar disc starts to form, which for our modelled galaxies happens ∼10 Gyr ago, in agreement with recent estimates for the Milky Way. With a current day measurement of ISM metallicity gradient of −0.05 dex and a dispersion of 0.03 dex, the intrinsic uncertainty in inferring Rbirth is ∼0.6 kpc. At later times, the linear correlation between the ISM metallicity and radius increases, as stellar motions become more ordered and the azimuthal variations of the ISM metallicity start to drop. The formation of a central bar and perturbations from mergers can increase this uncertainty in the inner and outer disc, respectively.
Corporate governance plays an important role in monitoring and counseling management’s decision making including strategic sustainability investing. Understanding the role of corporate governance may ...help top management of corporations allocate their limited resource in their strategic planning and decision making. This study examines the relationship between corporate governance and corporate sustainability performance (CSP) and whether corporate governance moderates the relationship between corporate sustainability performance and corporate financial performance (CSP–CFP). The study analyzes a sample of 456 top largest U.S. public companies to examine corporate sustainability performance and corporate governance jointly, particularly the moderating effect of corporate governance on CSP–CFP relationship. Lagged variables were used to address the endogeneity issue. Multiple regression methods were used. The results show that firms with stronger corporate governance are more likely to have higher CSP and that corporate governance contributes additional value to firm value. The impact of CSP on CFP is higher for firms with stronger corporate governance (moderating effect). Results are robust after using different regression methods and additional tests.
Extending current bottom-line mentality research, this paper provides a new theoretical perspective for examining the how and when supervisor bottom-line mentality (i.e., supervisors who solely focus ...on bottom-line attainments at the expense of other priorities) is related to employee exhaustion. Drawing on self-determination theory, it is proposed that supervisor bottom-line mentality is positively related to external regulation and negatively related to intrinsic motivation, both of which can further predict employee exhaustion. Leader-member exchange is also proposed as a boundary condition that prevents the negative relationship between supervisor bottom-line mentality and intrinsic motivation but enhances the positive relationship with external regulation. Data collected at three time points from 251 employees in China provide support for most hypotheses, except the relationship between supervisor bottom-line mentality and intrinsic motivation. The proposed negative relationship was only significant after including control variables. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed and directions for future research are provided.
Abstract
TREC-COVID is an information retrieval (IR) shared task initiated to support clinicians and clinical research during the COVID-19 pandemic. IR for pandemics breaks many normal assumptions, ...which can be seen by examining 9 important basic IR research questions related to pandemic situations. TREC-COVID differs from traditional IR shared task evaluations with special considerations for the expected users, IR modality considerations, topic development, participant requirements, assessment process, relevance criteria, evaluation metrics, iteration process, projected timeline, and the implications of data use as a post-task test collection. This article describes how all these were addressed for the particular requirements of developing IR systems under a pandemic situation. Finally, initial participation numbers are also provided, which demonstrate the tremendous interest the IR community has in this effort.
Despite our understanding that social media and online healthcare communities can help to eliminate health information asymmetry and improve patients’ self‐care engagement, we have yet to understand ...what happens when patients have access to others’ health data and how patients’ access to these shared experiences and opinions influence their health knowledge and perceived treatment outcome. In this study, we apply social information processing theory and incorporate (1) uncertainty of a treatment, (2) information exposure, and (3) credibility of the information source into patients’ information evaluation function to assess how patients utilize shared health information and experiences. An empirical model, which combines various aspects of patients’ firsthand experiences about treatments into a single construct, yields empirical evidence that patients’ perceived treatment outcome is prone to social influence from other patients’ shared experiences. By disaggregating the sources of social influence, we find that social influence created by generalized others in the community outweighs that by familiar others of one's intimate social group. In addition, we find that other factors, such as positive sentiment in comments and patients’ prior experiences, also affect patients’ perceived treatment outcome. Based on our findings, implications for health promotion and health behaviors are presented.
Abstract Gyrochronology, the field of age dating stars using mainly their rotation periods and masses, is ideal for inferring the ages of individual main-sequence stars. However, due to the lack of ...physical understanding of the complex magnetic fields in stars, gyrochronology relies heavily on empirical calibrations that require consistent and reliable stellar age measurements across a wide range of periods and masses. In this paper, we obtain a sample of consistent ages using the gyro-kinematic age-dating method, a technique to calculate the kinematics ages of stars. Using a Gaussian process model conditioned on ages from this sample (∼1–14 Gyr) and known clusters (0.67–3.8 Gyr), we calibrate the first empirical gyrochronology relation that is capable of inferring ages for single, main-sequence stars between 0.67 and 14 Gyr. Cross-validating and testing results suggest our model can infer cluster and asteroseismic ages with an average uncertainty of just over 1 Gyr, and the inferred ages for wide binaries agree within 0.83 Gyr. With this model, we obtain gyrochronology ages for ∼100,000 stars within 1.5 kpc of the Sun with period measurements from Kepler and Zwicky Transient Facility and 384 unique planet host stars. A simple code is provided to infer gyrochronology ages of stars with temperature and period measurements.
Online weight-loss communities (OWCs) provide individuals with various tools to support their weight management, such as weight recorders and weight-loss journals. These tools enable individuals to ...focus on different aspects of their self-regulation, including weight-loss outcomes and behavioral routines. Prior research, however, has not fully incorporated individuals’ self-regulation focuses; thus, there is limited understanding of individuals’ online weight-management dynamics as well as the operating mechanisms of OWCs. This gap in the literature motivates us to develop a framework that is able to account for individuals’ multiple self-regulation focuses, termed
self-regulatory dimensions
in this study. We propose a multidimensional, continuous-time hidden Markov model, which can not only capture individuals’ self-regulatory dimensions jointly as a multidimensional vector, but also can incorporate a hidden layer of dynamics that depicts individuals’ cognitive states in producing weight-management behaviors. By investigating a leading noncommercial OWC in the United States, we find that individuals tend to increase their journal-recording behaviors while decreasing self-weighing behaviors after they have participated in online social activities. Given that individuals usually expend limited effort toward weight management, this result suggests that individuals may shift their focus from weight-loss outcomes (i.e., changes in weight) to weight-management behavioral routines. Therefore, neglecting either self-regulatory dimension would result in an underestimation of individuals’ engagement in conducting self-management in OWCs. Our results also provide insight into social influence on individuals’ weight-management behaviors. This study contributes to the extant literature on individuals’ engagement in online healthcare communities and the functionality of OWCs.
This paper was accepted by Anandhi Bharadwaj, information systems.
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