Aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion battery (ZIB) is considered to be a potential energy storage system for large-scale applications due to its environmental friendliness, high safety, and low cost. ...However, it remains challenging to develop suitable cathode materials with high specific capacity and long-term cyclic stability. Herein, we have fabricated freestanding Sr
0.19
V
2
O
5
·1.3H
2
O/carbon nanotubes (SrVO/CNTs) composite films with different mass ratios by incorporating SrVO into CNTs network. The synthesized SrVO possesses a large interlayer spacing of 1.31 nm, which facilitates Zn
2+
diffusion. Furthermore, the SrVO/CNTs composite film with conductive network structure promotes electron transfer and ensures good contact between SrVO and CNTs during the long-term cycling process. As a result, the battery based on the SrVO/CNTs composite cathode with a mass ratio of 7:3 delivers a specific capacity of 326 mAh·g
−1
at 0.1 A·g
−1
and 145 mAh·g
−1
at 5 A·g
−1
, demonstrating a high capacity and excellent rate capability. Remarkably, the assembled ZIB shows good capacity retention of 91% even after ultra-long cycling for 7500 cycles at a high current rate of 5 A·g
−1
. More importantly, the battery also delivers a high energy density and power density, as 290 Wh·kg
−1
at 125 W·kg
−1
(0.1 A·g
−1
), or 115 Wh·kg
−1
at 6078 W·kg
−1
(5 A·g
−1
). The results demonstrate that the SrVO/CNTs composite is a promising cathode toward large-scale energy storage applications.
Graphic abstract
The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been undergoing mutations and is highly glycosylated. It is critically important to investigate the biological significance of these mutations. Here, we ...investigated 80 variants and 26 glycosylation site modifications for the infectivity and reactivity to a panel of neutralizing antibodies and sera from convalescent patients. D614G, along with several variants containing both D614G and another amino acid change, were significantly more infectious. Most variants with amino acid change at receptor binding domain were less infectious, but variants including A475V, L452R, V483A, and F490L became resistant to some neutralizing antibodies. Moreover, the majority of glycosylation deletions were less infectious, whereas deletion of both N331 and N343 glycosylation drastically reduced infectivity, revealing the importance of glycosylation for viral infectivity. Interestingly, N234Q was markedly resistant to neutralizing antibodies, whereas N165Q became more sensitive. These findings could be of value in the development of vaccine and therapeutic antibodies.
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•Over 100 mutations were selected for analyses on their infectivity and antigenicity•The dominant D614G itself and combined with other mutations are more infectious•Ablation of both N331 and N343 glycosylation at RBD drastically reduced infectivity•Ten mutations such as N234Q, L452R, A475V, and V483A was markedly resistant to some mAbs
Eighty natural variants and 26 glycosylation spike mutants of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed in terms of infectivity and antigenicity using high throughput pseudovirus assay in conjunction with neutralizing antibodies.
The dual‐catalysis tactics where two types of catalysts are connected in one single reaction operation are highly prized in the novel bond constructions that are difficult or unattainable to be ...achieved with current mono‐catalysis. In recent years, increased emphasis on sustainable catalytic methods on more economic and eco‐friendly processes has shifted the focus to catalysis with earth‐abundant transition metals, such as iron, copper, and so on. As two of the most inexpensive and environmentally friendly metals on earth, the research and development based on either iron or copper catalysis are flourishing, and iron‐copper dual‐catalyzed reactions appeal more and more attention. In this review, we mainly cover the construction of C−C, C−N, C−B, C−P, C−S and C−Sn bonds enabled by iron‐copper dual‐catalysis published in the literature from 2011.
The combination of iron and copper in one single operation to construct various C−C and C−X (X=N, B, P, S, Sn) bonds has been summarized. This dual catalytic system features earth abundance, low cost, and environmental friendliness, enabling a series of unprecedented transformations that was encountered in single metal catalytic system. The advancements on iron/copper dual catalysis from 2011 have been covered in this comprehensive survey.
Pseudotyped viruses are useful virological tools because of their safety and versatility. On the basis of a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotyped virus production system, we developed a ...pseudotyped virus-based neutralization assay against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in biosafety level 2 facilities. Compared with the binding antibody test, the neutralization assay could discriminate the protective agents from the antibody family. This protocol includes production and titration of the SARS-CoV-2 S pseudotyped virus and the neutralization assay based on it. Various types of samples targeting virus attachment and entry could be evaluated for their potency, including serum samples derived from animals and humans, monoclonal antibodies and fusion inhibitors (peptides or small molecules). If the pseudotyped virus stock has been prepared in advance, it will take 2 days to get the potency data for the candidate samples. Experience in handling cells is needed before implementing this protocol.
The 501Y.V2 variants of SARS-CoV-2 containing multiple mutations in spike are now dominant in South Africa and are rapidly spreading to other countries. Here, experiments with 18 pseudotyped viruses ...showed that the 501Y.V2 variants do not confer increased infectivity in multiple cell types except for murine ACE2-overexpressing cells, where a substantial increase in infectivity was observed. Notably, the susceptibility of the 501Y.V2 variants to 12 of 17 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies was substantially diminished, and the neutralization ability of the sera from convalescent patients and immunized mice was also reduced for these variants. The neutralization resistance was mainly caused by E484K and N501Y mutations in the receptor-binding domain of spike. The enhanced infectivity in murine ACE2-overexpressing cells suggests the possibility of spillover of the 501Y.V2 variants to mice. Moreover, the neutralization resistance we detected for the 501Y.V2 variants suggests the potential for compromised efficacy of monoclonal antibodies and vaccines.
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•501Y.V2 showed no higher infectivity in cells with hACE2 comparing to 614G variant•501Y.V2 showed increased infectivity in cells with mACE2 compared to 614G variant•501Y.V2 escaped neutralization by most of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies•501Y.V2 significantly compromised the inhibitory effects of polyclonal antibodies
Experiments with pseudotyped viruses show that the 501Y.V2 variant of SARS-CoV-2 exhibits resistance to neutralization from monoclonal antibodies and sera from convalescent as well as immunized individuals, predominantly due to the E484K and N501Y mutations in the receptor-binding domain of the viral spike protein.
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are deemed as the idea option for large-scale energy storage systems owing to many alluring merits including low manufacture cost, environmental friendliness, and ...high operations safety. However, to develop high-performance cathode is still significant for practical application of ZIBs. Herein, Ba
0.23
V
2
O
5
·1.1H
2
O (BaVO) nanobelts were fabricated as cathode materials of ZIBs by a typical hydrothermal synthesis method. Benefiting from the increased interlayer distance of 1.31 nm by Ba
2+
and H
2
O pre-intercalated, the obtained BaVO nanobelts showed an excellent initial discharge capacity of 378 mAh·g
−1
at 0.1 A·g
−1
, a great rate performance (e.g., 172 mAh·g
−1
at 5 A·g
−1
), and a superior capacity retention (93% after 2000 cycles at 5 A·g
−1
).
Pseudoviruses are useful virological tools because of their safety and versatility, especially for emerging and re-emerging viruses. Due to its high pathogenicity and infectivity and the lack of ...effective vaccines and therapeutics, live SARS-CoV-2 has to be handled under biosafety level 3 conditions, which has hindered the development of vaccines and therapeutics. Based on a VSV pseudovirus production system, a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay has been developed for evaluating neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in biosafety level 2 facilities. The key parameters for this assay were optimized, including cell types, cell numbers, virus inoculum. When tested against the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patient sera showed high neutralizing potency, which underscore its potential as therapeutics. The limit of detection for this assay was determined as 22.1 and 43.2 for human and mouse serum samples respectively using a panel of 120 negative samples. The cutoff values were set as 30 and 50 for human and mouse serum samples, respectively. This assay showed relatively low coefficient of variations with 15.9% and 16.2% for the intra- and inter-assay analyses respectively. Taken together, we established a robust pseudovirus-based neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2 and are glad to share pseudoviruses and related protocols with the developers of vaccines or therapeutics to fight against this lethal virus.
The RET fusion gene has been recently described in a subset of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Because we have limited knowledge about these tumors, this study was aimed at determining the ...clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with NSCLC harboring the RET fusion gene.
We examined the RET fusion gene in 936 patients with surgically resected NSCLC using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) plus quantitative real-time PCR strategy, with validation using immunohistochemical and fluorescent in situ hybridization assays. A subset of 633 lung adenocarcinomas was also studied for EGFR, KRAS, HER2, and BRAF mutations, as well as ALK rearrangements. Patient characteristics, including age, sex, smoking history, stage, grade, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification of subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma, and relapse-free survival, were collected.
Of 936 patients with NSCLC, the RET fusion gene was exclusively detected in 13 patients (11 of 633 patients with adenocarcinomas and two of 24 patients with adenosquamous cell carcinomas). Of the 13 patients, nine patients had KIF5B-RET, three patients had CCDC6-RET, and one patient had a novel NCOA4-RET fusion. Patients with lung adenocarcinomas with RET fusion gene had more poorly differentiated tumors (63.6%; P = .029 for RET v ALK, P = .007 for RET v EGFR), with a tendency to be younger (≤ 60 years; 72.7%) and never-smokers (81.8%) and to have solid subtype (63.6%) and a smaller tumor (≤ 3 cm) with N2 disease (54.4%). The median relapse-free survival was 20.9 months.
RET fusion occurs in 1.4% of NSCLCs and 1.7% of lung adenocarcinomas and has identifiable clinicopathologic characteristics, warranting further clinical consideration and targeted therapy investigation.
Dynamic Testing for Deadlocks via Constraints Cai, Yan; Lu, Qiong
IEEE transactions on software engineering,
2016-Sept.-1, 2016-9-1, 20160901, Letnik:
42, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Existing deadlock detectors are either not scalable or may report false positives when suggesting cycles as potential deadlocks. Additionally, they may not effectively trigger deadlocks and handle ...false positives. We propose a technique called ConLock + , which firstly analyzes each cycle and its corresponding execution to identify a set of scheduling constraints that are necessary conditions to trigger the corresponding deadlock. The ConLock + technique then performs a second run to enforce the set of constraints, which will trigger a deadlock if the cycle is a real one. Or if not, ConLock + reports a steering failure for that cycle and also identifies other similar cycles which would also produce steering failures. For each confirmed deadlock, ConLock + performs a static analysis to identify conflicting memory access that would also contribute to the occurrence of the deadlock. This analysis is helpful to enable developers to understand and fix deadlocks. ConLock + has been validated on a suite of real-world programs with 16 real deadlocks. The results show that across all 811 cycles, ConLock + confirmed all of the 16 deadlocks with a probability of ≥80 percent. For the remaining cycles, ConLock + reported steering failures and also identified that five deadlocks also involved conflicting memory accesses.
Metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions are amongst the most widely used methods to directly construct new bonds. In this connection, sustainable and practical protocols, especially transition ...metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions, have become the focus in many aspects of synthetic chemistry due to their high efficiency and atom economy. This review summarises recent advances from 2012 to 2022 in the formation of carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-heteroatom bonds by employing organo-alkali metal reagents.
Metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions are amongst the most widely used methods to directly construct new bonds.
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