Increasing evidence highlights the cardinal role of gut microbiota in tumorigenesis and chemotherapy outcomes. Paclitaxel (PTX), although as a first-line chemotherapy reagent for breast cancer, still ...requires for improvement on its efficacy and safety due to drug resistance and adverse effects. The present work explored the enhancement of a polysaccharide derived from spore of
(SGP) with PTX in a murine 4T1-breast cancer model. Results showed that the combination of PTX and SGP displayed an improved tumor control, in which mRNA expression of several Warburg effect-related proteins, i.e., glucose transporter 3 (
), lactate dehydrogenase A (
), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (
), and the metabolite profile of tumor was evidently altered. Flowcytometry analysis revealed that the combination treatment recovered the exhausted tumor infiltration lymphocytes (TILs) via inhibiting the expressions of immune checkpoints (PD-1 and Tim-3), while PTX alone evidently increased that of CTLA-4. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed a restoration by the combination treatment on gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by PTX, especially that
, and other 5 genera were significantly enriched while the cancer-risk genera,
and
, were decreased. Moreover, spearman correlation analysis showed that abundance of
was significantly negative-associated with the amount of frucotose-6-phosphate within the tumor. Collectively, the present study suggests the clinical implication of SGP as an adjuvant candidate for PTX against breast cancer, which possibly relies on the regulation of tumor metabolism and gut microbiota.
In recent years, self-assembly of block or graft copolymers with sugar-containing component has drawn great attention. We just reported that protection–deprotection chemistry could initiate ...self-assembly of glycopolymers based on the high polarity change induced by the deprotection. Considering that the protection–deprotection is so common and its variety in glycochemistry, it is worth developing this finding into a new and general strategy of self-assembly of glyco-containing polymers. For this purpose, this article focuses on the kinetics and morphology control of the assemblies of glyco-block copolymers induced by the deprotection. Benzoyl (Bz) as the protective group was introduced, which has much lower deprotection rate than acetyl group (Ac) reported previously. Thus, the detailed kinetic study of the self-assembly of Bz copolymer by means of in situ light scattering and 1H NMR, etc., became possible. The morphologies of all of the resultant assemblies were observed by cryo-TEM. Thus, we found that in the case of using an equivalent catalyst TBAOH, with the progress of deprotection of Bz, the copolymer follows three-stage assembly, i.e., fast initiation, steady growth, and then fission/reorganization into stable state. In most conditions, both Bz and Ac copolymers form stable vesicles, but the former is apparently larger than the latter. This is because that the slow deprotection of Bz makes the resultant assemblies assume structures closer to equilibrium, and the fast reaction of Ac makes the assemblies with more kinetic-trapped features.
Millions of people across the globe are affected by droughts every year, and recent droughts have highlighted the considerable agricultural impacts and economic costs of these events. Monitoring the ...state of droughts depends on integrating multiple indicators that each capture particular aspects of hydrologic impact and various types and phases of drought. As the capabilities of land surface models and remote sensing have improved, important physical processes such as dynamic, interactive vegetation phenology, groundwater, and snowpack evolution now support a range of drought indicators that better reflect coupled water, energy, and carbon cycle processes. In this work, we discuss these advances, including newer classes of indicators that can be applied to improve the characterization of drought onset, severity, and duration. We utilize a new model-based drought reconstruction to illustrate the role of dynamic phenology and groundwater in drought assessment. Further, through case studies on flash droughts, snow droughts, and drought recovery, we illustrate the potential advantages of advanced model physics and observational capabilities, especially from remote sensing, in characterizing droughts.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
It has been challenging for city school pupils to learn about insects, given the lack of live insects. To overcome this challenge, the objective of this study is to propose the use of emerging ...digital media, namely three-dimensional printing (3DP) technologies, to create reusable, fake, “live” insects. In this study, we designed two 3D-printed pedagogical aids to support elementary entomology. The first aid was a set of cards showing photos of the 3D-printed insect prototype, which could help the learners in close observation of the insect body’s regions and parts, and the second 3D-printed aid was a construction kit mimicking physical insects, which were made of an enlarged 3D-printed insect prototype. The two aids were used in our field experiment to examine the effectiveness in learning and motivation. A total of 153 pupils were grouped into three groups (one using the existing multimedia e-book, one using the first 3DP aid, and one using the second aid). The results confirm that the digital media application—in this case, 3DP technologies—were able to compensate for the lack of the live insects. These results raised our confidence in using a customized size 3D-printed insect prototype to enhance rudimentary entomology inside the classroom. If the 3DP technologies are used properly, they could offer an innovative and sustainable solution.
We examine the drought variability over the conterminous United States (CONUS) for 1915–2018 using the Noah-MP land surface model. We examine different model options on drought reconstruction, ...including optional representation of groundwater and dynamic vegetation phenology. Over our 104-yr reconstruction period, we identify 12 great droughts that each covered at least 36% of CONUS and lasted for at least 5 months. The great droughts tend to have smaller areas when groundwater and/or dynamic vegetation are included in the model configuration. We detect a small decreasing trend in dry area coverage over CONUS in all configurations. We identify 45 major droughts in the baseline (with a dry area coverage greater than 23.6% of CONUS) that are, on average, somewhat less severe than great droughts. We find that representation of groundwater tends to increase drought duration for both great andmajor droughts, primarily by leading to earlier drought onset (some due to short-lived recovery froma previous drought) or later demise (groundwater anomalies lag precipitation anomalies). In contrast, representation of dynamic vegetation tends to shorten major droughts duration, primarily due to earlier drought demise (closed stoma or dead vegetation reduces ET loss during droughts). On a regional basis, the U.S. Southwest (Southeast) has the longest (shortest) major drought durations. Consistent with earlier work, dry area coverage in all subregions except the Southwest has decreased. The effects of groundwater and dynamic vegetation vary regionally due to differences in groundwater depths (hence connectivity with the surface) and vegetation types.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aims
Annexin A10 (ANXA10) is a calcium‐ and phospholipid‐binding protein expressed normally in the gastric mucosa. In this study, we evaluated the potential use of ANXA10 as a diagnostic marker.
...Methods and results
We observed ANXA10 expression in the gastric mucosa, the Brunner gland of the duodenum and the urothelium, but absence of expression in other normal organs. Following the screening of 1327 primary carcinomas of major organs, we identified ANXA10 expression in 46% of gastric, 72% of ampullary, 78% of pancreatic and 33% of biliary adenocarcinomas. ANXA10 was expressed in 83% of non‐invasive urothelial carcinomas, but was expressed in only 9% of invasive urothelial carcinomas. ANAX10 was rarely expressed in carcinomas of other organs. Of 227 metastatic adenocarcinomas, ANXA10 was expressed in 83% of metastatic pancreatic and 47% of metastatic gastric adenocarcinomas, but was expressed in only 2% of metastatic adenocarcinomas from other organs. In the liver, the sensitivity and specificity for identifying the pancreas as the primary site of metastatic adenocarcinoma were 83 and 95%, respectively.
Conclusion
Our study results indicate that the inclusion of ANXA10 in an immunohistochemical panel will be helpful in the differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of an unknown primary site.
•Analyze the impact of a demand response program under uncertainty.•Stochastic Nash–Cournot competition model is formulated.•Case study of the Taiwanese electric power market is conducted.•Demand ...response decreases power price, generation, and emissions.•Demand uncertainty increases energy price and supply risk in the results.
In the electricity market, demand response programs are designed to shift peak demand and enhance system reliability. A demand response program can reduce peak energy demand, power transmission congestion, or high energy-price conditions by changing consumption patterns. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of a demand response program in the energy market, under demand uncertainty. A stochastic–multiobjective Nash–Cournot competition model is formulated to simulate demand response in an uncertain energy market. Then, Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality conditions and a linear complementarity problem are derived for the stochastic Nash–Cournot model. Accordingly, the linear complementarity problem is solved and its stochastic market equilibrium solution is determined by using a general algebraic modeling system. Additionally, the case of the Taiwanese electric power market is taken up here, and the results show that a demand response program is capable of reducing peak energy consumption, energy price, and carbon dioxide emissions. The results show that demand response program decreases electricity price by 2–10%, total electricity generation by 0.5–2%, and carbon dioxide emissions by 0.5–2.5% in the Taiwanese power market. In the simulation, demand uncertainty leads to an 2–7% increase in energy price and supply risk in the market. Additionally, tradeoffs between cost and carbon dioxide emissions are presented.
Climate change threatens mental health via increasing exposure to the social and economic disruptions created by extreme weather and large-scale climatic events, as well as through the anxiety ...associated with recognising the existential threat posed by the climate crisis. Considering the growing levels of climate change awareness across the world, negative emotions like anxiety and worry about climate-related risks are a potentially pervasive conduit for the adverse impacts of climate change on mental health. In this study, we examined how negative climate-related emotions relate to sleep and mental health among a diverse non-representative sample of individuals recruited from 25 countries, as well as a Norwegian nationally-representative sample. Overall, we found that negative climate-related emotions are positively associated with insomnia symptoms and negatively related to self-rated mental health in most countries. Our findings suggest that climate-related psychological stressors are significantly linked with mental health in many countries and draw attention to the need for cross-disciplinary research aimed at achieving rigorous empirical assessments of the unique challenge posed to mental health by negative emotional responses to climate change.
A
bstract
U(1)
X
SSM is the extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) and its local gauge group is SU(3)
C
× SU(2)
L
× U(1)
Y
× U(1)
X
. To obtain this model, three singlet new ...Higgs superfields and right-handed neutrinos are added to MSSM. In the framework of U(1)
X
SSM, we study lepton flavor violating decays
τ
→
Pl( P
=
π
,
η
,
η
′;
l = μ
,
e
). According to the latest experimental data of
τ
→
Pe
and
τ
→
Pμ,
the influence of different sensitive parameters on the results is analyzed to make a reasonable prediction for future experiments. From the numerical analysis, the non-diagonal elements which correspond to the generations of the initial lepton and final lepton are main sensitive parameters and lepton flavor violation (LFV) sources. This work can provide a basis for finding the existence of new physics (NP).
Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.Fr.) Karst is one of the well-known medicinal macrofungi all over the world, and mounting researches have focused on the polysaccharides derived from the spores of G. ...lucidum. In the present study, BALB/c mice (n = 8–10) were administered with crude polysaccharides of G. lucidum spores (CPGS) and the refined polysaccharides of G. lucidum spores (RPGS) for 30 days to investigate their effect on the adaptive immune system. Results showed that CPGS and RPGS displayed diverse effects on the lymphocyte activity in the spleen. The splenocyte proliferation activity upon mitogen was suppressed by CPGS and RPGS, while the NK cell’s tumor-killing ability was promoted by CPGS. Both CPGS and RPGS could increase the proportion of naïve T cells in thymus, but only RPGS significantly uplifted the percentage of T cells, as well as the T cell subsets, in peripheral blood, and promoted the activation by upregulating the expression of costimulatory factor CD28. Moreover, 16S sequencing results showed that the effects of CPGS and RPGS were closely related to the regulation of gut microbiota. β-diversity of the microbiome was evidently changed by CPGS and RPGS. The phytoestrogen/polysaccharide-metabolizing bacteria (Adlercreutzia, Parabacteroides, and Prevotella), and an unclassified Desulfovibrionaceae, were remarkably enriched by CPGS or RPGS, and functions involving carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, and lipid metabolism were regulated. Moreover, the enrichments of Adlercreutzia, Prevotella, and Desulfovibrionaceae were positively related to the immune regulation by CPGS and RPGS, while that of Parabacteroides displayed a negative correlation. These findings suggested a promising effect of the polysaccharide from sporoderm-broken spore of G. lucidum in immune regulation to promote health control.
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