Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the major cause of life-threatening liver disease in Western countries. Abstinence from alcohol is the foundation of all treatment programmes for patients with ALD. ...Liver transplantation is a valuable option for patients with life-threatening ALD. Although the role of liver transplantation in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis that is unresponsive to medical therapy is controversial, the latest prospective studies support this approach. No single measure gives a reliable estimate of the risk of drinking relapses before or after liver transplantation, but careful evaluation by an addiction specialist with a particular interest in transplant medicine is the best available approach. Survival, both on the waiting list and after the operation, is better in patients with ALD than in patients with HCV infection. Alcohol relapse may lead to liver damage and increased mortality, albeit usually after many years of renewed drinking. After liver transplantation, patients with ALD have increased rates of mortality and morbidity that are attributable to cardiovascular disease and new-onset cancers of the aerodigestive tract. The latter are probably linked to the high prevalence of smoking in this population. Cessation of smoking is thus an important goal in the care of patients with ALD after they have undergone liver transplantation.
Liver transplantation for alcoholic hepatitis Im, Gene Y.; Cameron, Andrew M.; Lucey, Michael R.
Journal of hepatology,
February 2019, 2019-02-00, 20190201, Letnik:
70, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
While liver transplantation (LT) has become a standard therapy for life-threatening alcohol related cirrhosis, LT as a treatment for severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) has remained a taboo owing to ...concerns about the limited organ supply and the risk that the AH liver recipient will return to harmful drinking. The adoption of a 6-month abstinence requirement (the so-called ‘6-month rule’) by many centres made AH a contraindication to LT. Given the high short-term mortality of severe AH, the lack of effective medical therapies and an increasing recognition that the 6-month rule unfairly excluded otherwise favourable candidates, a seminal European pilot study of LT for AH was performed. The success of the European study, which has been corroborated in retrospective analyses from the United States, represented a paradigm shift in therapy for highly selected patients with severe AH who are not responding to medical therapy. However, prospective studies are urgently needed to resolve the controversies that still surround the criteria for selection of patients with AH for LT and the long-term outcomes of the associated alcohol use disorder.
Alcoholic Hepatitis Lucey, Michael R; Mathurin, Philippe; Morgan, Timothy R
The New England journal of medicine,
06/2009, Letnik:
360, Številka:
26
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The association between alcohol intake and alcoholic liver disease has been well documented, although cirrhosis of the liver develops in only a small proportion of heavy drinkers. This review focuses ...on alcoholic hepatitis, a treatable form of alcoholic liver disease. Since up to 40% of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis die within 6 months after the onset of the clinical syndrome, appropriate diagnosis and treatment are essential.
This review focuses on alcoholic hepatitis, a treatable form of alcoholic liver disease. Since up to 40% of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis die within 6 months after the onset of the clinical syndrome, appropriate diagnosis and treatment are essential.
Excessive alcohol consumption is the third leading preventable cause of death in the United States.
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Alcohol-associated mortality is disproportionately high among young people, and approximately 30 years of life are lost per alcohol-associated death — or, in the aggregate, 2.3 million years of potential life lost in 2001 in the United States.
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Excess consumption of alcohol is associated with both short-term and long-term liver damage, several types of cancer, unintentional injuries both in the workplace and on the road, domestic and social violence, broken marriages, and damaged social and family relationships.
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The association between alcohol intake and alcoholic liver . . .
Management of alcoholic hepatitis Mathurin, Philippe; Lucey, Michael R
Journal of hepatology,
2012, 2012-00-00, 2012-1-00, 20120101, Letnik:
56
Journal Article
In patients with severe acute alcohol-related hepatitis not responding to medical therapy, early liver transplantation (LT) represents the only effective therapy and, when performed within strict and ...well-defined protocols, it is associated with a clear survival benefit and acceptable rates of return to alcohol use after transplantation. However, there is still high variability in access to LT for patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis, mainly due to a persistent overemphasis in the pre-LT evaluation on duration of pre-transplant abstinence and the stigma that patients with alcohol-related liver disease often experience, leading to marked inequity of access to this potentially lifesaving procedure and negative health outcomes. Therefore, there is an increasing need for prospective multicentre studies focusing on pre-transplant selection practices and on better interventions to treat alcohol use disorder after LT.
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•Serum FGF19 and bile acids are significantly increased in patients with alcoholic hepatitis.•Total and conjugated bile acids correlated positively with FGF19 and with disease ...severity (MELD score).•Modulation of bile acid metabolism or signaling could represent a promising target for treatment of alcoholic hepatitis.
The degree of cholestasis is an important disease driver in alcoholic hepatitis, a severe clinical condition that needs new biomarkers and targeted therapies. We aimed to identify the largely unknown mechanisms and biomarkers linked to cholestasis in alcoholic hepatitis.
Herein, we analyzed a well characterized cohort of patients with alcoholic hepatitis and correlated clinical and histological parameters and outcomes with serum bile acids and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), a major regulator of bile acid synthesis.
We found that total and conjugated bile acids were significantly increased in patients with alcoholic hepatitis compared with controls. Serum FGF19 levels were strongly increased and gene expression of FGF19 was induced in biliary epithelial cells and ductular cells of patients with alcoholic hepatitis. De novo bile acid synthesis (CYP7A1 gene expression and C4 serum levels) was significantly decreased in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Importantly, total and conjugated bile acids correlated positively with FGF19 and with disease severity (model for end-stage liver disease score). FGF19 correlated best with conjugated cholic acid, and model for end-stage liver disease score best with taurine-conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid. Univariate analysis demonstrated significant associations between FGF19 and bilirubin as well as gamma glutamyl transferase, and negative correlations between FGF19 and fibrosis stage as well as polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, in all patients with alcoholic hepatitis.
Serum FGF19 and bile acids are significantly increased in patients with alcoholic hepatitis, while de novo bile acid synthesis is suppressed. Modulation of bile acid metabolism or signaling could represent a promising target for treatment of alcoholic hepatitis in humans.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms that drive alcoholic hepatitis is important for the development of new biomarkers and targeted therapies. Herein, we describe a molecule that is increased in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Modulating the molecular pathway of this molecule might lead to promising targets for the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis.
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