The series is aimed specifically at publishing peer reviewed reviews and contributions presented at workshops and conferences. Each volume is associated with a particular conference, symposium or ...workshop. These events cover various topics within pure and applied mathematics and provide up-to-date coverage of new developments, methods and applications.
The purpose of this study was to test a hypothetical model of alcohol problems in German adolescents. Among 180 offspring, family history of alcoholism, parenting styles, behavioral and emotional ...problems, peer-group characteristics, feelings of self-esteem, behavioral problems and psychiatric comorbidity of the parents were examined.
Data were generated from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), in which families were randomly selected if 12-18 year old biological offspring were members of the household; a smaller group of subjects was selected from local outpatient treatment centers. Members of 133 families, including 180 (50.6% male) offspring who were appropriate for the current analyses, received personal semistructured diagnostic interviews and several self-rating questionnaires. Analyses compared offspring with alcohol problems (AP; n = 40) and with no alcohol problems (NAP; n = 140), and used structural equation modeling to test a hypothetical model.
The comparisons revealed that the AP group had significantly more behavioral problems (e.g., aggression/delinquency), more perceived parental rejection and less emotional warmth, a higher amount of alcohol consumption, were more likely to associate with substance-using peers and more often received a diagnosis of conduct disorder or antisocial personality disorder. Whereas the family history of alcoholism did not differ significantly between groups, parents of offspring with an alcohol use disorder had significantly more additional diagnoses on DSM-IV Axis I. The evaluation of the model supported the importance of aggression/delinquency and association with substance-using peers for alcohol problems in people. An additional diagnosis in the parents was directly and indirectly (through aggression/delinquency) related to alcohol problems of the adolescents.
The data indicate that alcohol problems in the offspring are associated with several domains of influence in their environment. Prospective studies measuring both biological and environmental factors using sufficient sample sizes will be needed for optimal understanding of the development of alcohol problems in youth.
Zusammenfassung
METHODE: In der Studie wurden 70 Jugendliche
aus Familien mit mindestens einem alkoholkranken Elternteil (CoAs) mit 70
Jugendlichen aus Normalfamilien (Eltern ohne Alkoholabusus oder
...Abhängigkeit, non CoAs) bezüglich einer Vielzahl psychosozialer
Faktoren miteinander verglichen. Unsere ERGEBNISSE
belegen ein höheres Ausmaß an Ablehnung durch die Eltern und mehr
Verhaltens- und Aufmerksamkeitsprobleme in der CoA-Gruppe. Des Weiteren wiesen
Jugendliche mit alkoholkranken Eltern im Vergleich zu non CoAs etwa dreimal so
häufig ein problematisches Trinkverhalten auf (23 % vs.
7 %). SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: Kinder
alkoholkranker Eltern stellen bezüglich späterer Verhaltensprobleme
und Trinkverhalten eine Risikogruppe dar. Intervention und Prävention
sollten aus diesem Grunde speziell in Alkoholfamilien unter Einbeziehung der
Eltern UND Kinder stattfinden.
Septicemia and lung injury Brigham, K L; Begley, C J; Bernard, G R ...
Clinics in laboratory medicine
3, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The results of investigations undertaken by the authors which deal with the functional and structural changes in the lungs resulting from gram-negative bacterial endotoxemia and the mechanisms of ...these changes are analyzed. The authors emphasize the major roles played by granulocytes and metabolites of arachidonic acid in mediating endotoxin-induced lung injury.
Two hundred ten patients scheduled for THR were randomized into two groups. Group A (105 patients) received Logiparin (Novo-Nordisk, Denmark) 50 mg/kg body weight once daily, and group B (105 ...patients) received placebo once daily. Injections started 2 hr preoperatively and continued for 7 days. Blood samples were collected preoperatively before medication and 3 hr after last injection on the seventh postoperative day. Two hundred three patients completed the study: 103 in group A, 100 in group B. In group A there was a significantly higher increase in ASAT (p = 0.0006) and APH (p = 0.0137) compared with group B. Significantly more patients in group A showed an increase from normal preoperative values to pathological postoperative values in ASAT (p = 0.0012) and APH (p = 0.025) compared with group B. All changes were found to be reversible within 2 weeks of termination of drug treatment. Although no conclusion about the mechanism leading to the increase in ASAT and APH is possible from this data, there is very good suggestive evidence that the liver is influenced by this agent.
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