Starting from December 2019 the world has faced an unprecedented health crisis caused by the new Coronavirus (COVID-19) due to the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen. Within this topic, the aim of the paper was to ...quantify the effect of mobility habits in the spread of the Coronavirus in Italy through a multiple linear regression model. Estimation results showed that mobility habits represent one of the variables that explains the number of COVID-19 infections jointly with the number of tests/day and some environmental variables (i.e. PM pollution and temperature). Nevertheless, a proximity variable to the first outbreak was also significant, meaning that the areas close to the outbreak had a higher risk of contagion, especially in the initial stage of infection (time-decay phenomena). Furthermore, the number of daily new cases was related to the trips performed three weeks before. This threshold of 21 days could be considered as a sort of positivity detection time, meaning that the mobility restrictions quarantine commonly set at 14 days, defined only according to incubation-based epidemiological considerations, is underestimated (possible delays between contagion and detection) as a containment policy and may not always contribute to effectively slowing down the spread of virus worldwide. This result is original and, if confirmed in other studies, will lay the groundwork for more effective containment of COVID-19 in countries that are still in the health emergency, as well as for possible future returns of the virus.
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•We quantify the effect of mobility habits in the spread of the Coronavirus in Italy.•Daily COVID-19 cases are directly related to the mobility habits performed 21 days before.•Population density, PM pollutant and number of tests per day have a direct relationship with the infection.•Temperature has an inverse relationship with the spread of the virus.•The areas close to the outbreak had a higher risk of contagion (time-decay phenomena).
Attività fisica e accrescimento Todisco, Tommaso; di Luigi, Luigi; Cappa, Marco
L'Endocrinologo,
2023/10, Letnik:
24, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Sommario
Sistema endocrino e attività fisica sono caratterizzati da un rapporto bidirezionale, in cui l’uno influenza profondamente l’altro. Gli assi somatotropo e gonadotropo contribuiscono ...all’espletamento dell’esercizio fisico sia direttamente, durante l’attività, sia indirettamente, tramite la loro influenza sui meccanismi di controllo dei vari pattern metabolici. Durante la crescita, sia l’eccesso di esercizio fisico che la sua assenza possono, in maniera diversa, compromettere il normale processo di accrescimento.
•We present a new variant of the Green Vehicle Routing Problem.•The fleet includes conventional and electric vehicles.•Partial recharging and a limit on polluting emissions are considered.•The ...problem is solved by an iterative local search metaheuristic.•The algorithm is tested on a large set of instances.
This work presents a new variant of the Green Vehicle Routing Problem with time windows. We propose an iterative local search heuristic to optimize the routing of a mixed vehicle fleet, composed of electric and conventional (internal combustion engine) vehicles. Since the batteries of electric vehicles have a limited autonomy of the battery, we consider the possibility of recharging partially at any of the available stations. In addition, we explicitly take into account a limitation on the polluting emissions for the conventional vehicles. The behaviour of the proposed approach is evaluated empirically on a large set of test instances.
Epigenetic modification refers to heritable changes in gene function that cannot be explained by alterations in the DNA sequence. The current literature clearly demonstrates that the epigenetic ...response is highly dynamic and influenced by different biological and environmental factors such as aging, nutrient availability and physical exercise. As such, it is well accepted that physical activity and exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic alternations although the type and duration of exercise eliciting specific epigenetic effects that can result in health benefits and prevent chronic diseases remains to be determined. This review highlights the most significant findings from epigenetic studies involving physical activity/exercise interventions known to benefit chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Sommario
Il bilancio ormonale è importante per il mantenimento di una buona funzionalità muscolare scheletrica. Non solo gli ormoni sessuali, androgeni ed estrogeni, ma anche la vitamina D è ...fondamentale per preservare massa e funzione muscolare e prevenire la sarcopenia, che colpisce entrambi i sessi. La rassegna riassume l’importanza dell’omeostasi ormonale nel mantenimento dello stato di salute muscolare, riflessa, a sua volta, nello stato di salute generale maschile e femminile.
Gynecomastia—the enlargement of male breast tissue in men—is a common finding, frequently observed in newborns, adolescents, and old men. Physiological gynecomastia, occurring in almost 25 % of ...cases, is benign and self-limited; on the other hand, several conditions and drugs may induce proliferation of male breast tissue. True gynecomastia is a common feature often related to estrogen excess and/or androgen deficiency as a consequence of different endocrine disorders. Biochemical evaluation should be performed once physiological or iatrogenic gynecomastia has been ruled out. Non-endocrine illnesses, including liver failure and chronic kidney disease, are another cause of gynecomastia which should be considered. Treating the underlying disease or discontinuing medications might resolve gynecomastia, although the psychosocial burden of this condition might require different and careful consideration.
Abstract
The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is the single global archive of experimentally determined three-dimensional (3D) structure data of biological macromolecules. Since 2003, the PDB has been managed ...by the Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB; wwpdb.org), an international consortium that collaboratively oversees deposition, validation, biocuration, and open access dissemination of 3D macromolecular structure data. The PDB Core Archive houses 3D atomic coordinates of more than 144 000 structural models of proteins, DNA/RNA, and their complexes with metals and small molecules and related experimental data and metadata. Structure and experimental data/metadata are also stored in the PDB Core Archive using the readily extensible wwPDB PDBx/mmCIF master data format, which will continue to evolve as data/metadata from new experimental techniques and structure determination methods are incorporated by the wwPDB. Impacts of the recently developed universal wwPDB OneDep deposition/validation/biocuration system and various methods-specific wwPDB Validation Task Forces on improving the quality of structures and data housed in the PDB Core Archive are described together with current challenges and future plans.
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide and the most common cause of cancer-related death. To date, it is still a challenge to estimate the magnitude of the ...clinical impact of physical activity (
) on those parameters producing significative changes in future BC risk and disease progression. However, studies conducted in recent years highlight the role of
not only as a protective factor for the development of ER+ breast cancer but, more generally, as a useful tool in the management of BC treatment as an adjuvant to traditional therapies. In this review, we focused our attention on data obtained from human studies analyzing, at each level of disease prevention (i.e., primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary), the positive impact of
/exercise in ER+ BC, a subtype representing approximately 70% of all BC diagnoses. Moreover, given the importance of estrogen receptors and body composition (i.e., adipose tissue) in this subtype of BC, an overview of their role will also be made throughout this review.
Among metabolic diseases, carbohydrate metabolism disorders are the most widespread. The most common glucose pathological conditions are acquired and may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, ...obesity, heart diseases, stroke, and kidney insufficiency. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) have long been used as an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Different studies have demonstrated that PDE5i, by sensitizing insulin target tissues to insulin, play an important role in controlling the action of insulin and glucose metabolism, highlighting the protective action of these drugs against metabolic diseases. In this review, we report the latest knowledge about the role of PDE5i in the metabolic diseases of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, highlighting clinical aspects and potential treatment approaches. Although various encouraging data are available, further in vivo and in vitro studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of action and their clinical application in humans.
Exposure to cadmium (Cd²⁺) can result in cell death, but the molecular mechanisms of Cd²⁺ cytotoxicity in plants are not fully understood. Here, we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cell ...suspension cultures underwent a process of programmed cell death when exposed to 100 and 150 μM CdCl₂ and that this process resembled an accelerated senescence, as suggested by the expression of the marker senescence-associated gene12 (SAG12). CdCl₂ treatment was accompanied by a rapid increase in nitric oxide (NO) and phytochelatin synthesis, which continued to be high as long as cells remained viable. Hydrogen peroxide production was a later event and preceded the rise of cell death by about 24 h. Inhibition of NO synthesis by NG-monomethyl-arginine monoacetate resulted in partial prevention of hydrogen peroxide increase, SAG12 expression, and mortality, indicating that NO is actually required for Cd²⁺-induced cell death. NO also modulated the extent of phytochelatin content, and possibly their function, by S-nitrosylation. These results shed light on the signaling events controlling Cd²⁺ cytotoxicity in plants.
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