Abstract The objective of the article is to establish why a financial bonus for Slovenian–Italian bilingualism was introduced in the District of Koper (comprising today’s Slovenian municipalities of ...Ankaran, Koper, Izola and Piran), which came under Yugoslav rule after 1954. Using Brubaker’s triadic nexus concept and analysis of newly discovered archival sources, the authors found that (a) on the federal level, Yugoslavia only focused on minority protection as much as it was required to by international agreements and treaties, (b) the Italian minority itself was not a relevant actor in the Yugoslav system of minority protection, (c) Italy had a marginal role in the process of protecting the Italian minority in Yugoslavia, and (d) the political elite in Yugoslavia introduced the bilingualism bonus to encourage the integration of the Italian minority when building a new (socialist) sociopolitical order. The Slovenian-Italian bilingualism bonus was therefore not an altruist measure directed at minority protection, but rather a self-serving measure by the authorities to reinforce their power.
The article deals with increasing cross-border education, namely students from Slovenia attending upper-secondary level minority schools in Austrian Carinthia. We conducted interviews with school ...management and focus groups with students, who also completed a short questionnaire. Based on qualitative and quantitative data, we drew conclusions about the motives of students from Slovenia for enrolment in Slovene minority schools in Austria and about the consequences of their decision – their well-being, their knowledge and use of languages, their plans for the future – as well as in relation to their sense of Europeanness and their varying identities. Cross-border schooling turns out to be a success story. The outcome seems to be particularly favourable for the Slovene minority in Austrian Carinthia as it maintains the scope and quality of minority education, while also having the positive consequence of giving the members of the Slovene minority much greater exposure to the Slovene language, especially spoken language, with which they otherwise have less direct contact.
Prispevek obravnava učenje slovenskega jezika med pripadniki slovenske skupnosti na Hrvaškem v zadnjih tridesetih letih in njihova prizadevanja za ohranjanje in revitalizacijo slovenskega jezika na ...Hrvaškem. Slovenci so na Hrvaškem priznani kot narodna manjšina od leta 1990, pred tem pa so bili v skupni državi, nekdanji Jugoslaviji, eden od konstitutivnih narodov. Takrat smo bili priča opuščanju rabe slovenskega jezika med pripadniki slovenske skupnosti na Hrvaškem, ki so se razen s svojimi sorodniki v slovenščini lahko pogovarjali le v dveh slovenskih društvih, ki sta do tedaj delovali na Hrvaškem. Medgeneracijski prenos slovenskega jezika zato na Hrvaškem ni prisoten. Po letu 1991 interes za učenje slovenščine narašča. Na voljo so različne oblike učenja slovenskega jezika, povečuje se število učencev, slovenski j ezik pa ni več samo materni j ezik pripadnikov slovenske skupnosti na Hrvaškem, temveč pridobiva tudi ekonomski pomen.
The article explores Slovene language learning among the members of the Slovene community in Croatia over the past thirty years and their efforts to preserve and revitalise the Slovene language in ...Croatia. Slovenes have held the status of a national minority in Croatia since 1990. Before that, they had been one of the constituent nations of the common state, i.e., the former Yugoslavia. At that time, there had been a decrease in the use of Slovene among the members of the Slovene community in Croatia who, apart from their relatives, could speak Slovene only in the two Slovene societies then operating in Croatia. Therefore, there had been no intergenerational transmission of Slovene. After 1991, the interest in learning the Slovene language grew. Various forms of learning Slovene are available and the number of learners is increasing. Slovene is no longer only the mother tongue of members of the Slovene community in Croatia, but is also gaining economic importance.
The paper considers whether bilingualism has an economic value in Slovenia's two ethnically mixed regions, or whether its value is more related to identity, and restricted primarily to the personal, ...educational and cultural spheres. Specifically, it asks whether bilingualism is rewarded on the labour market and what local people think about this issue. The two regions of the country that are officially bilingual are presented, with a focus on minority rights, language planning and education policy. In addressing the central question of the paper, the situation in both the public and private sectors is examined to see whether bilingual language skills play a role during recruitment processes and whether those who function bilingually in the work environment are financially rewarded. In addition, the opinions of bilingual speakers regarding the value of the minority language in their areas are also explored. A picture of prevailing attitudes towards the economic value of bilingualism and foreign language knowledge is obtained from a survey of the views of leading managers in companies based in Slovenia. Empirical data are also offered as to which languages are favoured by individuals and companies investing in informal language learning or training.
Based on an online survey conducted among scholarship holders from the Slovene Raba Region who studied at higher education institutions in Slovenia, interviews with representatives of minority ...organisations, professional literature and newspaper reports, the article analyses the role of this group of scholarship holders in the development of the Slovene national community in Hungary. The results confirm the initial assumption that scholarship holders are indeed the promoters of the development of their community. Likewise, the results provide information on the scholarship policy as well as on the efforts of Slovene minority structures to involve young people, including scholarship holders, in their activities. The data also show, among other things, that due to the economic underdevelopment of the border area, the Raba Region is not seen as a promising environment for young people, although the respondents would like it to be so.
V članku na podlagi opravljene spletne ankete s porabskimi štipendisti, ki so se izobraževali na visokošolskih ustanovah v Sloveniji, intervjujev s predstavnicama manjšinskih organi-zacij, strokovne ...literature in časopisnih člankov analiziramo, kakšen je bil in je pomen omenjenih štipendistov za razvoj slovenske narodne skupnosti na Madžarskem. Rezultati potrjujejo izhodiščno predpostavko, da so štipendisti dejansko nosilci razvoja lastne skupnosti. Obenem rezultati prinašajo podatke o štipendijski politiki in prizadevanjih slovenskih manjšinskih struktur za vključitev mladih, tudi štipendistov, v svoje delovanje. Pridobljeni podatki so med drugim tudi pokazali, da zaradi gospodarske nerazvitosti ob-mejnega območja Porabje trenutno ne predstavlja perspektivnega okolja za mlade, čeprav bi si anketiranci to želeli. Ključne besede: slovensko Porabje, slovenska skupnost na Madžarskem, mladi, porabski štipendisti.
Slovenski jezik ima na Hrvaškem status manjšinskega jezika. Število govorcev vsako leto upada. V zadnjem desetletju se vse bolj krepijo prizadevanja za ohranitev in revitalizacijo slovenskega jezika, ...pri čemer imajo pomembno vlogo učitelji slovenskega jezika na Hrvaškem. Leta 2020 je bila med slednjimi opravljena raziskava, katere namen je bil opredeliti in opisati izzive, s katerimi se srečujejo učitelji slovenskega jezika na Hrvaškem. Rezultati raziskave so prikazani v prispevku.
The model of education in the ethnically mixed area of Slovene Istria is designed to ensure schooling for members of the Italian national community and their children in their own language, i.e., ...Italian. Although also attended by pupils of other nationalities, primary schools with Italian as the language of instruction are key for the preservation of Italian culture and language. The authors present selected research findings that shed light on the opinions of pupils and their parents on whether schools with Italian as the language of instruction develop pupils’ communicative competence in both Italian and Slovene, and whether the existing model of education creates conditions that promote the pupils’ awareness of the linguistic and cultural diversity of their environment. The results of the research reveal that the majority of the respondents consider competence in several languages an added value and that the model of education is adequate and good.
Pri ohranjanju slovenskega jezika v Porabju ima pomembno vlogo manjšinski izobraževalni sistem. Prispevek na podlagi ankete, izvedene med učitelji slovenščine in drugih predmetov, ki se poučujejo ...dvojezično na dveh dvojezičnih šolah v Porabju (Dvojezična osnovna šola Jožefa Košiča na Gornjem Seniku in Dvojezična osnovna šola Števanovci), proučuje, kako anketiranci ocenjujejo lastno znanje in rabo jezikov v družini in javnem življenju, položaj slovenskega jezika v osnovnih šolah ter različne dejavnike, ki so v podporo pouku slovenskega jezika. Prispevek prikazuje tudi stališča anketiranih do slovenskega jezika ter podatke o izkušnjah s poukom na daljavo v času prvega vala covida-19.
