Risk prediction models are an important part of assessing operative mortality and postoperative complication rates in current cardiac surgery practice. Furthermore, they guide clinical ...decision-making and perioperative patient management. In recent years, a variety of clinical prediction models have been developed in China and other countries to assess the risk of mortality and complications after cardiac surgery. Currently, the most widely used and mature models are the new version of the European Cardiac Surgery Evaluation System (EuroSCORE II), the American Society of Thoracic Surgeons Cardiac Surgery Risk Model (STS score), and the Chinese Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Risk Evaluation System (SinoSCORE). This article reviews the application of these three risk prediction models, to identify the optimal model for guiding clinical practice.
The regularities of the world render an intricate interplay between past and present. Even across independent trials, current-trial perception can be automatically shifted by preceding trials, namely ...the "serial bias." Meanwhile, the neural implementation of the spontaneous shift of present by past that operates on multiple features remains unknown. In two auditory categorization experiments with human electrophysiological recordings, we demonstrate that serial bias arises from the co-occurrence of past-trial neural reactivation and the neural encoding of current-trial features. The meeting of past and present shifts the neural representation of current-trial features and modulates serial bias behavior. Critically, past-trial features (i.e., pitch, category choice, motor response) keep their respective identities in memory and are only reactivated by the corresponding features in the current trial, giving rise to dissociated feature-specific serial biases. The feature-specific automatic reactivation might constitute a fundamental mechanism for adaptive past-to-present generalizations over multiple features.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
How natural speech is represented in the auditory cortex constitutes a major challenge for cognitive neuroscience. Although many single-unit and neuroimaging studies have yielded valuable insights ...about the processing of speech and matched complex sounds, the mechanisms underlying the analysis of speech dynamics in human auditory cortex remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the phase pattern of theta band (4–8 Hz) responses recorded from human auditory cortex with magnetoencephalography (MEG) reliably tracks and discriminates spoken sentences and that this discrimination ability is correlated with speech intelligibility. The findings suggest that an ∼200 ms temporal window (period of theta oscillation) segments the incoming speech signal, resetting and sliding to track speech dynamics. This hypothesized mechanism for cortical speech analysis is based on the stimulus-induced modulation of inherent cortical rhythms and provides further evidence implicating the syllable as a computational primitive for the representation of spoken language.
In order to reduce the Doppler spread effect caused by ionospheric disturbance, sky wave over-the-horizon radar often detects ships in a short coherent integration time (CIT). In short CIT, an ...effective means to detect ships is clutter suppression. Through the analysis of the real data, it is found that the sea clutter has a strong correlation when the sea state is relatively stable, whether in long CIT or short CIT. To avoid estimating clutter subspace dimension and clutter cancellation times of the available methods, an adaptive clutter suppression method based on sea clutter correlation is proposed. This method does not need to estimate the parameters of the clutter, even when the Doppler frequency of the ship target is close to the sea clutter, the target can be detected. Theoretical analysis and real data processing indicate that the proposed method can detect ship target effectively.
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Many previous studies have demonstrated that the infiltrating of immune and stromal cells in the tumor ...microenvironment contributes significantly to prognosis.
Dataset TCGA-UVM, download from TCGA portal, was taken as the training cohort, and GSE22138, obtained from GEO database, was set as the validation cohort. ESTIMATE algorithm was applied to find intersection differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among tumor microenvironment. Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate Cox regression model were performed on intersection DEGs to initial screen for potential prognostic genes. Then these genes entered into the validation cohort for validation using the same methods as that in the training cohort. Moreover, we conducted correlation analyses between the genes obtained in the validation cohort and the status of chromosome 3, chromosome 8q, and tumor metastasis to get prognosis genes. At last, the immune infiltration analysis was performed between the prognostic genes and 6 main kinds of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) for understanding the role of the genes in the tumor microenvironment.
959 intersection DEGs were found in the UM microenvironment. Kaplan-Meier and Cox analysis was then performed in the training and validation cohorts on these DEGs, and 52 genes were identified with potential prognostic value. After comparing the 52 genes to chromosome 3, chromosome 8q, and metastasis, we obtained 21 genes as the prognostic genes. The immune infiltration analysis showed that Neutrophil had the potential prognostic ability, and almost every prognostic gene we had identified was correlated with abundances of Neutrophil and CD8+ T Cell.
Identifying 21 prognosis genes (SERPINB9, EDNRB, RAPGEF3, HFE, RNF43, ZNF415, IL12RB2, MTUS1, NEDD9, ZNF667, AZGP1, WARS, GEM, RAB31, CALHM2, CA12, MYEOV, CELF2, SLCO5A1, ISM1, and PAPSS2) could accurately identify patients' prognosis and had close interactions with Neutrophil in the tumor environment, which may provide UM patients with personalized prognosis prediction and new treatment insights.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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Over-the-horizon (OTH) radar is important equipment for wide-area surveillance; it has several uses, including aircraft tracking, ship and missile detecting, and remote sensing of the ocean ...surface. OTH radar uses high frequency electromagnetic wave which propagates by means of refraction within ionosphere; it can provide large range coverage. But this will cause phase contamination due to the unstable movement of the ionosphere. The spectrum of sea clutter and target will be expanded by the ionospheric contamination in the Doppler domain, which will cause the ship target more difficult to separate from the clutter and even buried in the clutter. A new decontamination method is proposed to solve this problem. By analyzing the sea clutter signal model, the proposed method designs an ideal optimized matrix and then uses optimization criteria to estimate phase contamination. Based on the real data, the effectiveness of the new method was validated and compared against other methods.
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor. The high-throughput sequencing technology has shown potential abilities to illuminate the pathogenic genes in OS. This study ...was designed to find a powerful gene signature that can predict clinical outcomes. We selected OS cases with gene expression and survival data in the TARGET-OS dataset and GSE21257 datasets as training cohort and validation cohort, respectively. The univariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis were conducted to determine potential prognostic genes from the training cohort. These potential prognostic genes underwent a LASSO regression, which then generated a gene signature. The harvested signature's predictive ability was further examined by the Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC curve). More importantly, we listed similar studies in the most recent year and compared theirs with ours. Finally, we performed functional annotation, immune relevant signature correlation identification, and immune infiltrating analysis to better study he functional mechanism of the signature and the immune cells' roles in the gene signature's prognosis ability. A seventeen-gene signature (UBE2L3, PLD3, SLC45A4, CLTC, CTNNBIP1, FBXL5, MKL2, SELPLG, C3orf14, WDR53, ZFP90, UHRF2, ARX, CORT, DDX26B, MYC, and SLC16A3) was generated from the LASSO regression. The signature was then confirmed having strong and stable prognostic capacity in all studied cohorts by several statistical methods. We revealed the superiority of our signature after comparing it to our predecessors, and the GO and KEGG annotations uncovered the specifically mechanism of action related to the gene signature. Six immune signatures, including PRF1, CD8A, HAVCR2, LAG3, CD274, and GZMA were identified associating with our signature. The immune-infiltrating analysis recognized the vital roles of T cells CD8 and Mast cells activated, which potentially support the seventeen-gene signature's prognosis ability. We identified a robust seventeen-gene signature that can accurately predict OS prognosis. We identified potential immunotherapy targets to the gene signature. The T cells CD8 and Mast cells activated were identified linked with the seventeen-gene signature predictive power.
Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) plays a crucial role in controlling the flux of methane from anoxic environments. Sulfate-, nitrite-, nitrate-, and iron-dependent methane oxidation processes ...have been considered to be responsible for the AOM activities in anoxic niches. We report that nitrate-reducing AOM microorganisms, enriched in a membrane biofilm bioreactor, are able to couple selenate reduction to AOM. According to ion chromatography, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and long-term bioreactor performance, we reveal that soluble selenate was reduced to nanoparticle elemental selenium. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicates that Candidatus Methanoperedens and Candidatus Methylomirabilis remained the only known methane-oxidizing microorganisms after nitrate was switched to selenate, suggesting that these organisms could couple anaerobic methane oxidation to selenate reduction. Our findings suggest a possible link between the biogeochemical selenium and methane cycles.
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular tumor in adults. Ferroptosis is a newly recognized process of cell death, which is different from other forms of cell death in terms of morphology, ...biochemistry and genetics, and has played a vital role in cancer biology. The present research aimed to construct a gene signature from ferroptosis-related genes that have the prognostic capacity of UM.
UM patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were taken as the training cohort, and GSE22138 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was treated as the validation cohort. A total of 103 ferroptosis-related genes were retrieved from the GeneCards. We performed Kaplan-Meier and univariate Cox analysis for preliminary screening of ferroptosis-related genes with potential prognostic capacity in the training cohort. These genes were then applied into an overall survival-based LASSO Cox regression model, constructing a gene signature. The discovered gene signature was then evaluated via Kaplan-Meier (KM), Cox, and ROC analyses in both cohorts. The Pearson correlation coefficient examined the correlations between risk score and UM common mutations and autophagy. The analyses of GSEA and immune infiltrating were performed to better study the functional annotation of the gene signature and the character of each kind of immune cell in the tumor microenvironment.
A seven-gene signature was found from the training cohort and validated in all cohorts by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses, revealing its independent prognosis value in UM. Moreover, ROC analysis was conducted, confirming the strong predictive ability that this signature had for UM prognosis. A total of 52.24% (256/490) autophagy-related genes were significantly correlated with risk scores. Analyses of GSEA and immune infiltrating detailed exhibited specific pathways associated with the seven-gene signature, also confirming the crucial role that Mast cells resting played in the prognosis of the seven-gene signature.
In this study, a novel ferroptosis-related seven-gene signature (ALOX12, CD44, MAP1LC3C, STEAP3, HMOX1, ITGA6, and AIFM2/FSP1) was built. It could accurately predict UM prognosis and was related to Mast cells resting, which provides the potential for personalized outcome prediction and the development of new therapies in the UM population.
In a crowded visual scene, attention must be distributed efficiently and flexibly over time and space to accommodate different contexts. It is well established that selective attention enhances the ...corresponding neural responses, presumably implying that attention would persistently dwell on the task-relevant item. Meanwhile, recent studies, mostly in divided attentional contexts, suggest that attention does not remain stationary but samples objects alternately over time, suggesting a rhythmic view of attention. However, it remains unknown whether the dynamic mechanism essentially mediates attentional processes at a general level. Importantly, there is also a complete lack of direct neural evidence reflecting whether and how the brain rhythmically samples multiple visual objects during stimulus processing. To address these issues, in this study, we employed electroencephalography (EEG) and a temporal response function (TRF) approach, which can dissociate responses that exclusively represent a single object from the overall neuronal activity, to examine the spatiotemporal characteristics of attention in various attentional contexts. First, attention, which is characterized by inhibitory alpha-band (approximately 10 Hz) activity in TRFs, switches between attended and unattended objects every approximately 200 ms, suggesting a sequential sampling even when attention is required to mostly stay on the attended object. Second, the attentional spatiotemporal pattern is modulated by the task context, such that alpha-mediated switching becomes increasingly prominent as the task requires a more uniform distribution of attention. Finally, the switching pattern correlates with attentional behavioral performance. Our work provides direct neural evidence supporting a generally central role of temporal organization mechanism in attention, such that multiple objects are sequentially sorted according to their priority in attentional contexts. The results suggest that selective attention, in addition to the classically posited attentional "focus," involves a dynamic mechanism for monitoring all objects outside of the focus. Our findings also suggest that attention implements a space (object)-to-time transformation by acting as a series of concatenating attentional chunks that operate on 1 object at a time.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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