Krüppel‐like factor 5 (KLF5) is a member of the KLF family. Recent studies have suggested that KLF5 regulates the expression of a large number of new target genes and participates in diverse cellular ...functions, such as stemness, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and migration. In response to multiple signaling pathways, various transcriptional modulation and posttranslational modifications affect the expression level and activity of KLF5. Several transgenic mouse models have revealed the physiological and pathological functions of KLF5 in different cancers. Studies of KLF5 will provide prognostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and potential drugs for cancers.
KLF5 is a key transcription factor in cancers. This article reviews the functions, mechanisms, and regulations of KLF5.
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•A novel Bacillus sp. CRB-B1 with the Cr(VI) bioreduction and biosorption capacity was isolated.•Cu2+ enhanced the reduction efficiency of Cr(VI) by Bacillus sp. CRB-B1.•Extracellular ...reduction was the main site of Bacillus sp. CRB-B1 reduction of Cr(VI).•The reduced Cr was mainly distributed outside the cell.
This study reported an efficient novel chromium reducing bacteria (Bacillus sp. CRB-B1) and investigated its removal mechanism. Bacillus sp. CRB-B1 could effectively reduce high level Cr(VI), under a wide range of shaking velocity (125–200 rpm), temperature (33–41 °C), pH (6–9). The co-existing ions Cd2+ and NO3- inhibited its Cr(VI) reduction capacity, while Cu2+ enhanced the reduction efficiency. In addition, Bacillus sp. CRB-B1 could reduce Cr(VI) using glucose and fructose as an electron donor. Micro-characterization analysis confirmed the Cr(VI) reduction and adsorption ability of Bacillus sp. CRB-B1. Cells degeneration result indicated that Cr(VI) removal was mainly bioreduction rather than biosorption. The cell-free suspension had a Cr(VI) removal rate of 68.5.%, which was significantly higher than that of cell-free extracts and cell debris, indicating Cr(VI) reduction mainly occurs extracellularly, and possibly mediated by extracellular reductase. The reduced Cr was mainly distributed in the extracellular suspension, and a small amount was accumulated in the cells. In conclusion, Bacillus sp. CRB-B1 was a highly efficient Cr(VI) reducing bacteria, which has potential in the remediation of Cr(VI)-containing water and soil.
The impedance change in an induction coil surrounding a metal tube adapter is investigated using the truncated region eigenfunction expansion (TREE) method. The conventional TREE method is ...inapplicable to this problem as a consequence of the numerical overflow of the eigenfunctions of the air–metal multi-subdomain regions. The difficulty is surmounted by a normalization procedure for the numerical eigenfunctions obtained from the 1D finite element method (FEM). An efficient algorithm is devised by the Clenshaw–Curtis quadrature rule for integrals involving the numerical eigenfunctions. The numerical results of the TREE and FEM simulation coincide very well in all cases, and the efficiency of the proposed method is also confirmed.
Understanding the role of surface morphology and molecular structure interface thermal transport is essential for designing thermal management materials. In the present work, models of solid-liquid ...interfaces were created by placing liquid n-alkane between two platinum crystals. The effect of different levels of crystal surface roughness-flat, small, and large-scale grooves-and polymer chain lengths, under varying solid-liquid affinity, on the interface thermal resistance (ITR) were assessed using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The overall trend confirmed that grooved surfaces have higher ITR than flat surfaces at low affinity, and lower ITR values were observed at high affinity. Large grooves enabled more favourable polymer orientations than those of small grooves, resulting in a smaller ITR. However, long chains did not facilitate heat transfer normal to the interface because they preferentially aligned parallel to it. For efficient heat transfer, a balance between the roughness scale and polymer length must be considered.
This article presents an active cylindrical metasurface with spatial reconfigurability to achieve dynamic control of the radar cross section (RCS) reduction. The proposed metasurface is designed ...based on the combination of microwave transmission network and Mie scattering. In particular, by modulating the spatial coding sequence of p-i-n diodes in meta-atoms, the surface impedance of the metasurface can be dynamically changed, which enables an active metasurface to operate in an expanded frequency band via time-division multiplexing technique. Both simulated and measured results demonstrate that the proposed cylindrical metasurface with an ultrathin thickness of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">0.018\lambda </tex-math></inline-formula> can be continuously tuned across a wide fractional bandwidth over 32% for reducing backward scattering by 10 dB. The proposed metasurface with ultrathin thickness, tunability, conformal profile, and high performance may be applied to wideband RCS reduction, as well as advanced noninvasive detection, communication, etc.
Terahertz functional devices have been instrumental in the development of terahertz technology. Moreover, the advent of metamaterials has greatly contributed to the advancement of terahertz devices. ...However, most of today's metamaterials in the terahertz band exhibit poor performance and are mono-functional. This greatly limits the scalability and application potential of the devices. To achieve diversification and tunability of device functionality, we propose a combination of metamaterial structures and vanadium dioxide film. A metamaterial absorber based on the thermotropic phase change material VO
has been designed. Flexible switching of absorption performance (complete reflection and ultra-broadband perfect absorption) can be achieved through temperature adjustment. Moreover, the perfectly absorbed bandwidth is a staggering 3.3 THz. The thermal tuning of spectral absorbance has a maximal range of 0.01 to 0.999. The shift in absorption properties is explained by the phase change process of vanadium oxide (MIT). The electric field intensity on the absorber surface at different temperatures was monitored and analysed as a way to correlate the VO
film phase transition process. The impedance matching theory is applied to explain the high level of absorption generated by the absorber. Finally, the effects of the structural parameters on the performance of the absorber are analysed. This work will have many applications in the terahertz field and offers a wide range of ideas for the design of terahertz-enabled devices.
The advantages of fluorescence bioimaging in the second near‐infrared (NIR II, 1000–1700 nm) window are well known; however, current NIR II fluorescent probes for in vivo tumor imaging still have ...many shortcomings, such as low fluorescence efficiency, unstable performance under in vivo environments, and inefficient enrichment at tumor sites. In this study, Ag2Te quantum dots (QDs) that emit light at a wavelength of 1300 nm are assembled with poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) and further encapsulated within cancer cell membranes to overcome the shortcomings mentioned above. The as‐prepared ≈100 nm biomimetic nanobioprobes exhibit ultrabright (≈60 times greater than that of free Ag2Te QDs) and highly stable (≈97% maintenance after laser radiation for 1 h) fluorescence in the NIR II window. By combining the active homotypic tumor targeting capability derived from the source cell membrane with the passive enhanced permeation and retention effect, improved accumulation at tumor sites ((31 ± 2)% injection dose per gram of tumor) and a high tumor‐to‐normal tissue ratio (13.3 ± 0.7) are achieved. In summary, a new biomimetic NIR II fluorescent nanobioprobe with ultrabright and stable fluorescence, homotypic targeting and good biocompatibility for enhanced in vivo tumor imaging is developed in this study.
A superior NIR II fluorescent imaging nanobioprobe with an emission centered at 1300 nm is developed by encapsulating assembly of ultrasmall Ag2Te quantum dots and poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) within a cancer cell membrane. Enhanced fluorescence stability, blood circulation time, and homotypic targeting capability are achieved for in vivo tumor imaging.
Achieving independent control of the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic (EM) wave by a thin flat device is very important in wireless and photonic communications. However, most of the ...reported metasurfaces, so far, have realized only the simultaneous control of the amplitude and phase of the linearly polarized EM wave. This communication presents a strategy to realize the independent and arbitrary control of the amplitude and phase responses for the circularly polarized EM wave by using a dual-phase hybrid metasurface that integrates both geometric and propagation phases. A beam deflector with a tailorable amplitude is then designed to verify the proposed strategy. As a proof of concept of its practical application, a circularly polarized reflector antenna with a high gain and an extremely low sidelobe is implemented by the proposed metasurface. Experimental results are in good accordance with the simulation ones, demonstrating that the sidelobe of the designed antenna can be reduced by 8 dB compared with a reflector antenna actualized by the phase-only metasurface. The proposed methodology and the metasurface can provide a new degree of freedom in controlling the circularly polarized waves by simultaneous phase and amplitude modulations, which may trigger many interests in EM/optical integration and complex EM-wave manipulations, as well as advanced metadevices for real-world applications.
The technologic route of efficiently converting methane into higher-value liquid-phase products that are easily transported have led to an increased industrial interest in the dry reforming of ...methane (DRM) to produce syngas. However, the nonprecious-metal catalysts suffer from a stability issue caused by coke formation. In this work, by evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method, secondary metals (M = Fe, Co, or Cu) were doped into Ni-based ordered mesoporous alumina catalyst (MNiAl). The difference in catalytic behaviors for these catalysts in DRM could be explained in term of carbon deposition. CuNiAl catalyst displayed the lowest reactivity and poor stability, while FeNiAl was catalytically active. The influence of iron content (molar ratio of Fe/Ni ranging from 0.3 to 0.9) on the catalytic performance for x-FeNiAl were further investigated. Increasing the amount of iron in the catalysts affected both the chemical and activity properties. All x-FeNiAl catalysts showed high surface area and ordered mesoporous structure at Fe/Ni = 0–0.7, whereas the mesoporous structure was destroyed at high Fe/Ni molar ratio (=0.9). Iron displayed a positive role in nickel-based catalysts for DRM by virtue of the formation of FeNi3 alloy species during the reduction treatment. 0.7-FeNiAl catalyst was the most active for reforming with regard to the initial activity. By comparison of STEM-EDX, XPS and XRD results for reduced and spent 0.7-FeNiAl catalysts, the deactivation after 24 h DRM reaction was associated with the dealloying of FeNi3 under reforming conditions, rather than change in porous structure and sintering of the active metal. This study demonstrated the importance in manipulating the stability of FeNi3 that are relevant to DRM conditions.
•Iron-promoted nickel-based FeNiAl catalysts in DRM reaction were investigated.•By one-pot EISA method, FeNiAl, CuNiAl and CoNiAl catalysts were synthesized.•Influence of iron content on the catalytic performance for x-FeNiAl was studied.•Iron displayed a positive role in DRM by virtue of the formation of FeNi3 alloy.•Deactivation for FeNiAl catalysts was associated with the dealloying of FeNi3.
Abstract
Strategies to manipulate immune cell co-inhibitory or co-activating signals have revolutionized immunotherapy. However, certain immunologically cold diseases, such as bacterial biofilm ...infections of medical implants are hard to target due to the complexity of the immune co-stimulatory pathways involved. Here we show that two-dimensional manganese chalcogenophosphates MnPSe
3
(MPS) nanosheets modified with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) are capable of triggering a strong anti-bacterial biofilm humoral immunity in a mouse model of surgical implant infection via modulating antigen presentation and costimulatory molecule expression in the infectious microenvironment (IME). Mechanistically, the PVP-modified MPS (MPS-PVP) damages the structure of the biofilm which results in antigen exposure by generating reactive oxidative species, while changing the balance of immune-inhibitory (IL4I1 and CD206) and co-activator signals (CD40, CD80 and CD69). This leads to amplified APC priming and antigen presentation, resulting in biofilm-specific humoral immune and memory responses. In our work, we demonstrate that pre-surgical neoadjuvant immunotherapy utilizing MPS-PVP successfully mitigates residual and recurrent infections following removal of the infected implants. This study thus offers an alternative to replace antibiotics against hard-to-treat biofilm infections.
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