Abstract In this work, the effect of moderate electromagnetic fields (2.5, 10, and 15 mT) was studied using an immersed coil inserted directly into a bioreactor on batch cultivation of yeast under ...both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Throughout the cultivation, parameters, including CO 2 levels, O 2 saturation, nitrogen consumption, glucose uptake, ethanol production, and yeast growth (using OD 600 measurements at 1-h intervals), were analysed. The results showed that 10 and 15 mT magnetic fields not only statistically significantly boosted and sped up biomass production (by 38–70%), but also accelerated overall metabolism, accelerating glucose, oxygen, and nitrogen consumption, by 1–2 h. The carbon balance analysis revealed an acceleration in ethanol and glycerol production, albeit with final concentrations by 22–28% lower, with a more pronounced effect in aerobic cultivation. These findings suggest that magnetic fields shift the metabolic balance toward biomass formation rather than ethanol production, showcasing their potential to modulate yeast metabolism. Considering coil heating, opting for the 10 mT magnetic field is preferable due to its lower heat generation. In these terms, we propose that magnetic field can be used as novel tool to increase biomass yield and accelerate yeast metabolism.
End-of-life issues became increasingly complicated during the 20th century as profound shifts occurred in who died, how they died, and when they died. This article reviews societal changes related to ...death in the United States and chronicles the developments in social work practice with and for dying people and their families in the 20th century, leading up to the 1993 policy statement of the National Association of Social Workers on end-of-life decision making, which reinforced that client self-determination, a fundamental principle of social work, should apply to people planning for their deaths or undergoing a dying process. After identifying limitations in policies and practices, suggestions are offered to promote competent social work practice and enhance end-of-life care, particularly with reference to the dying process of older people.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Mitochondria primarily serve as source of cellular energy through the Krebs cycle and beta-oxidation to generate substrates for oxidative phosphorylation. Redox reactions are used to transfer ...electrons through a gradient to their final acceptor, oxygen, and to pump hydrogen protons into the intermembrane space. Then, ATP synthase uses the electrochemical gradient to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). During these processes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated. ROS are highly reactive molecules with important physiological functions in cellular signaling. Mitochondria play a crucial role in intracellular calcium homeostasis and serve as transient calcium stores. High levels of both, ROS and free cytosolic calcium, can damage mitochondrial and cellular structures and trigger apoptosis. Impaired mitochondrial function has been described in many psychiatric diseases, including mood disorders, in terms of lowered mitochondrial membrane potential, suppressed ATP formation, imbalanced Ca(2+) levels and increased ROS levels. In vitro models have indicated that mood stabilizers affect mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, ROS production, ATP formation, Ca(2+) buffering and the antioxidant system. Most studies support the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary feature of mood disorders. The precise mechanism of action of mood stabilizers remains unknown, but new mitochondrial targets have been proposed for use as mood stabilizers and mitochondrial biomarkers in the evaluation of therapy effectiveness.
Studied effectiveness of intervention to help frail elders to record advance directives (ADs). In collaboration with physicians and lay volunteer, social worker provided information/counseling to ...elderly subjects, families, and proxies in series of visits to geriatric evaluation and management clinic. Seventy-one percent of subjects recorded ADs. Of these, 96% named proxy, and 83% recorded specific treatment preferences. (Author/NB)
Meaning-making - the capability of grievers to accept loss, realize growth, and reorganize personal identity – contributes to healthy grief. We evaluated grief preparedness and grief experience in 50 ...family caregivers (FCGs) anticipating death of their care recipient (CR) within 6 months, and 50 FCGs who experienced the death of their CR in the prior 6 months. Using a phenomenological lens to discern meaning-making in narratives, we found that when preparation included positive memory construction, perception of death as ending CR suffering, relationship resolution, dementia understanding, and shared construction of meaning with family, it predicted positive grief. Inadequate preparation included trauma as CR declined, loss of caregiver role, perceived unavailability of support, loneliness and difficulties creating a life without CR. Inadequate preparation was associated with difficulty making meaning of the illness, death and poorer grief. These findings inform understanding of meaning-making as a mediating process in preparation and healthy grief.
A radiation tolerant pixel detector readout chip has been developed in a commercial 0.25 mu m CMOS process. The chip is a matrix of two columns of 65 identical cells. Each readout cell comprises a ...preamplifier, a shaper filter, a discriminator, a delay line and readout logic. The chip occupies 10 mm super(2), and contains about 50000 transistors. Electronic noise (~220 e rms) and threshold dispersion (~160 e rms) allow operation at 1500 e average threshold. The radiation tolerance of this mixed mode analog-digital circuit has been enhanced by designing NMOS transistors in enclosed geometry and introducing guardrings wherever necessary. The chip, which was developed at CERN for the ALICE and LHCb experiments, was still operational after receiving 3.610 super(13) protons over an area of 2 mm 2 mm. Other chips were irradiated with X-rays and remained fully functional up to 30 Mrad(SiO2) with only minor changes in analog parameters. These results indicate that careful use of deep submicron CMOS technologies can lead to circuits with high radiation tolerance
First results from the ALICE silicon pixel detector prototype Riedler, P; Anelli, G; Antinori, F ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
03/2003, Letnik:
501, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
System prototyping of the ALICE silicon pixel detector (SPD) is well underway. The ALICE SPD consists of two barrel layers with 9.83 million channels in total. These are read out by the ALICE1LHCb ...pixel chip, which has been developed in a commercial
0.25
μm
process with radiation hardening by design layout. The readout chip contains 8192 pixel cells each with a fast analog preamplifier and shaper followed by a discriminator and digital delay lines. Test results show a pixel cell noise of about 110 electrons rms and a mean minimum threshold of about 1000 electrons rms before threshold fine tuning. Several readout chips have been flip-chip bonded to detectors using two different bump-bonding techniques (solder, indium). Results of radioactive source measurements of these assemblies are presented for
90
Sr
and
55
Fe
sources. Several chip-detector assemblies have been tested in a
150
GeV/
c
pion beam at CERN where an online efficiency of about 99% across a wide range of detector bias and threshold settings was observed. All preliminary investigations confirm the functionality of the chip and the chip-detector assemblies for the ALICE experiment.
PDF
