In this study, we introduced a targeting polymer poly(ethylene glycol)–folic acid (PEG–FA) on the surface of polydopamine (PDA)-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) to develop the novel ...nanoparticles (NPs) MSNs@PDA–PEG–FA, which were employed as a drug delivery system loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) as a model drug for cervical cancer therapy. The chemical structure and properties of these NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption, dynamic light scattering-autosizer, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The pH-sensitive PDA coating served as a gatekeeper. The in vitro drug release experiments showed pH-dependent and sustained drug release profiles that could enhance the therapeutic anticancer effect and minimize potential damage to normal cells due to the acidic microenvironment of the tumor. These MSNs@PDA–PEG–FA achieved significantly high targeting efficiency, which was demonstrated by the in vitro cellular uptake and cellular targeting assay. Compared with that of free DOX and DOX-loaded NPs without the folic targeting ligand, the FA-targeted NPs exhibited higher antitumor efficacy in vivo, implying that they are a highly promising potential carrier for cancer treatments.
Hong Qu glutinous rice wine (HQGRW), as one of the most typical representatives of Chinese rice wine, is generally brewed from glutinous rice by adding two traditional wine fermentation starters—Hong ...Qu (HQ) and Bai Qu (BQ). The objective of this study was to determine the microbial communities and volatile metabolites of different traditional fermentation starters for HQGRW, and elucidate the potential correlation between microbiota and volatile metabolites. Both heatmap and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the significant variances in volatile profiles among different wine starters. Microbiological analysis based on high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology demonstrated that both of bacterial and fungal communities varied significantly in different starters. HQ was dominated mainly by bacteria of Bacillus ginsengihumi (20.17%), Pantoea sp. (10.39%), Elizabethkingia sp. (5.52%), Streptococcus sp. (5.03%) Brevundimonas sp. (3.03%), Rickettsia prowazekii (2.94%), Thermus thermophilus (2.54%), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (1.48%), Bacillus aryabhattai (1.42%); fungi of Monascus purpureus (39.7%), Aspergillus niger (27.35%), Xeromyces bisporus (8.39%), Aspergillus penicillioides (6.89%), Aspergillus flavus (2.33%) and Pichia farinose (0.79%). By contrast, BQ contained much higher proportions of bacteria of Lactococcus lactis (10.45%), Lactobacillus brevis (9.99%), Pediococcus pentosaceus (8.29%), Weissella paramesenteroides (6.69%), Lactobacillus fermentum (4.83%), Gluconobacter thailandicus (3.93%), Lactobacillus alimentarius (3.59%), fungi of Rhizopus arrhizus (31.47%), Saccharomycopsis fibuligera (27.86%), Aspergillus niger (20.81%), Issatchenkia orientalis (3.79%), Saccharomycopsis malanga (3.15%), Clavispora lusitaniae (2.29%), Candida tropicalis (1.47%), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1.11%) and Rhizopus microsporus (0.57%). Furthermore, core functional microbiota that might contribute to volatile flavour development was explored through Spearman's correlation-based network analysis. Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus alimentarius, Lactobacillus plantarum and Aspergillus niger were found to be strongly associated with acid compounds (FDR adjusted P < 0.01), while Pichia sp., Candida sp., Monascus purpureus, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus alimentarius were positively correlated with concentrations of aromatic esters associated with fruity and floral notes (FDR adjusted P < 0.01), implying that these microorganisms might make significant contributions to the flavour of rice wine. These findings demonstrated that the aromatic quality of HQGRW may be critically influenced by the microbiota in traditional fermentation starters. To conclude, this study would contribute to the development of novel defined starter cultures for improving the aromatic quality of HQGRW.
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•HQGRW is brewed with two traditional fermentation starters—Hong Qu (HQ) and Bai Qu (BQ).•BQ was mainly dominated by L. lactis, L. brevis, R. arrhizus, and S. fibuligera.•HQ was mainly dominated by B. ginsengihumi, Pantoea sp., M. purpureus, and A. niger.•Microbial communities varied significantly in different traditional fermentation starters.•L. brevis, L. alimentarius, R. microspores, and M. purpureus were related to volatile alcohols and esters.
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•Spirulina platensis polysaccharides (SPLP) had significant hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects in HFD-fed rats.•SPLP intervention modulate the hepatic steatosis and mRNA ...expressions involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.•SPLP altered the relative abundance of cecal short-chain fatty acids.•SPLP significantly modulated the intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.
This study aimed to evaluate the possibility that Spirulina platensis crude polysaccharides may ameliorate the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorder, including obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hepatic steatosis, and gut dysbiosis. The results showed Spirulina platensis crude polysaccharides could improve body weight, serum/liver lipid and carbohydrate indexes, and liver antioxidant parameters in high-sucrose and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats, which were accompanied by regulated liver mRNA expressions involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorder. In addition, SPLP intervention significantly decreased cecal level of propionic acid in HFD-fed rats. Notably, the SPLP could alter the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria at phylum levels. Based on Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, serum/liver lipid and carbohydrate profiles were found significantly positively correlated with genera Romboutsia, Allobaculum, Blautia, Phascolarctobacterium, Bifidobacterium, Coprococcus, Turicibacter, Erysipelotrichaceae_unclassified, Olsenella, Escherichia/Shigella, Coprobacillus, Lachnospiracea incertae, and Lactobacillus, but strongly negatively correlated with genera Atopostipes, Flavonifractor, Porphyromonadaceae_unclassified, Barnesiella, Oscillibacter, Paraprevotella, Jeotgalicoccus, Corynebacterium, Alloprevotella and Bacteroides. It was concluded that oral administration of SPLP could remarkably ameliorate the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorder and significantly modulate the intestinal microbiota in HFD-fed rats.
Polysaccharide peptides from Ganoderma lucidum (GLPP) have the potential to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders, in part through modulating specific gut microbiota and regulating the mRNA expression ...levels of the genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism, suggesting GLPP as a potential novel functional food for the treatment or prevention of hyperlipidaemia and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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•GLPP have the potential to prevent serum and hepatic lipid metabolic disorders.•GLPP attenuate high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and gut microbiota dysbiosis.•GLPP modulate the relative abundance of functionally relevant enterotypes.•mRNA expressions levels involved in bile acids homeostasis were regulated by GLPP.•GLPP modulate lipid metabolism via the catabolism of cholesterol into bile acids.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of polysaccharide peptides from Ganoderma lucidum (GLPP) on hyperlipidaemia and gut microbiota dysbiosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-exacerbated hypercholesterolemic rats. Results showed that oral administrations of GLPP markedly alleviated the dyslipidaemia through decreasing the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC), free fatty acids (FFA) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and significantly suppressing hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis. Metagenomic analysis revealed that GLPP supplementation produced significant structure changes on the intestinal microbiota in HFD-fed rats, in particular modulating the relative abundance of functionally relevant microbial phylotypes compared with the HFD group. The Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the serum and hepatic lipid profiles were negatively correlated with Jeotgalicoccus, Ignavigranum, Sporosarcina, Bacteroides, Anaerovorax, Parasutterella, Alistipes and Alloprevotella, but positively correlated with Allobaculum, Phascolarctobacterium, Psychrobacter, Enterorhabdus, Blautia and Roseburia. Meanwhile, the GLPP treatment regulated the mRNA expression responsible for hepatic lipid metabolism and promoted fecal excretion of total bile acids (BAs). These findings indicated that GLPP ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders through modulating gut microbiota structure and regulating the genes involved in hepatic lipid and cholesterol metabolism.
Electrochemical N2 reduction has emerged as a sustainable and eco-friendly route for the artificial synthesis of NH3 under ambient conditions, but active electrocatalysts are needed to drive the N2 ...reduction reaction (NRR). Here, Bi nanodendrites are reported as an efficient NRR electrocatalyst for N2 to NH3 conversion with excellent selectivity. In 0.1 M HCl, this catalyst achieves a large NH3 yield of 25.86 μg h−1 mg−1cat. and a high faradaic efficiency of 10.8% at −0.60 V and −0.55 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode, respectively, with high electrochemical durability.
This study aimed to investigate effect of Hong Qu on flavor and quality of Hakka yellow rice wine (Hakka Huangjiu). Volatile components of three kinds of Hakka Huangjiu with or without adding Hong Qu ...were analyzed by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Their non-volatile components were also detected by liquid chromatography quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-Q-Orbitrap-MS). Results indicated that there were great differences in flavor components among three wines. Among them, the main difference components between traditional Hakka Huangjiu and Hakka Huangjiu without adding Hong Qu were isoamyl alcohol, phenylethanol, isobutyl acetate, isobutyl alcohol, ethyl palmitate and ethyl decanoate. In Hakka Huangjiu, esters were the most volatile components, followed by alcohols, while acids were less. Under NEG and POS modes of LC-Q-Orbitrap-MS, a total of 765 and 1244 components were detected in three kinds of Hakka Huangjiu, respectively. Among 217 kinds of polypeptides detected, the content of 160 kinds of polypeptides in Hakka Huangjiu adding only with Hong Qu was higher than that of traditional Hakka Huangjiu and Hakka Huangjiu without adding Hong Qu. Amino acids and polypeptides contents in Hakka Huangjiu brewed only with Hong Qu and traditional Hakka Huangjiu co-fermented with Hong Qu were relatively high.
•Effect of Hong Qu on flavor and quality of Hakka Huangjiu was firstly reported.•Hakka Huangjiu added with Hong Qu had relatively high amino acid and polypeptide.•The tripeptide Gly-Leu-Phe was firstly identified in Hakka Huangjiu by LC-Q-Orbitrap-MS.
A series of side‐chain liquid crystalline polymers P4VP(CN‐DBE)x, where x is the molar ratio of cyanostilbene (CN‐DBE) to poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) repeating unit, was synthesized based on the ...intermolecular hydrogen bonding between P4VP and CN‐DBE. Their luminescent property, liquid crystalline structure and photo‐thermo‐electric property were elucidated using photoluminescence spectra, X‐ray diffraction, thermal imaging and thermoelectric experiments. With the increase of x, the supramolecular system can be changed from lamellar structure to hexagonal columnar structure. Moreover, the P4VP(CN‐DBE)x polymer with columnar structure exhibits more efficient photothermal effect. The temperature of P4VP(CN‐DBE)0.6 can rise to 130 °C within 10 s under the irradiation of ultraviolet lamp. In addition, the supramolecular system possesses unique photo‐thermo‐electric conversion ability, and 25 mA current can be detected in the circuit coupled with the thermoelectric module. This work broadens the potential applications of hydrogen‐bonded polymer, and provides a simple and facile strategy to prepare liquid crystalline polymers with photo‐thermo‐electric property.
With the increase of x, the liquid crystalline polymers P4VP(CN‐DBE)x changed from lamellar structure to columnar structure. The polymer with columnar structure exhibits more efficient photo‐thermo‐electric effect, with 25 mA current under UV irradiation.
A nanocarrier system of d‐a‐tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS)‐functionalized polydopamine‐coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NPs) is developed for sustainable and ...pH‐responsive delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) as a model drug for the treatment of drug‐resistant nonsmall cell lung cancer. Such nanoparticles are of desired particle size, drug loading, and drug release profile. The surface morphology, surface charge, and surface chemical properties are also successfully characterized by a series of techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) method, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The normal A549 cells and drug‐resistant A549 cells are employed to access the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of the NPs. The therapeutic effects of TPGS‐conjugated nanoparticles are evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Compared with free DOX and DOX‐loaded NPs without TPGS ligand modification, MSNs‐DOX@PDA‐TPGS exhibits outstanding capacity to overcome multidrug resistance and shows better in vivo therapeutic efficacy. This splendid drug delivery platform can also be sued to deliver other hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs.
A nanocarrier system of d‐a‐tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS)‐functionalized polydopamine‐coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs@PDA‐TPGS) for sustained and controlled delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) for the treatment of drug‐resistant nonsmall cell lung cancer is fabricated. These drug‐loaded nanoparticles show strong pH‐responsive characteristic and could overcome multidrug resistance of tumor cells. This MSNs‐DOX@PDA‐TPGS exhibits enhanced in vivo therapeutic efficacy.
In order to diagnose an incipient fault in rotating machinery under complicated conditions, a fast sparse decomposition based on the Teager energy operator (TEO) is proposed in this paper. In this ...proposed method, firstly, the TEO is employed to enhance the envelope of the impulses, which is more sensitive to frequency and can eliminate the low-frequency harmonic component and noise; secondly, a smoothing filtering algorithm was adopted to suppress the noise in the TEO envelope; thirdly, the fault signal was reconstructed by multiplication of the filtered TEO envelope and the original fault signal; finally, sparse decomposition was used based on a generalized S-transform (GST) to obtain the sparse representation of the signal. The proposed preprocessing method using the filtered TEO can overcome the interference of high-frequency noise while maintaining the structure of fault impulses, which helps the processed signal perform better on sparse decomposition; sparse decomposition based on GST was used to represent the fault signal more quickly and more accurately. Simulation and application prove that the proposed method has good accuracy and efficiency, especially in conditions of very low SNR, such as impulses with anSNR of −8.75 dB that are submerged by noise of the same amplitude.
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