Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Inspired by the biological structure and function of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), in this study, an ApopB-100 based targeted ...lipid nanoparticles was synthesized to improve the therapeutic efficacy in liver cancer treatment.
The biological composition of ApopB is similar to LDL which can effectively increase the targeting efficiency of nanoparticles in LDL receptor (LDLR)-overexpressed liver tumors.
We have demonstrated that the co-administration of sorafenib (SRF) and Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) could exhibit synergistic anticancer effect in HepG2 liver cancer cells. DHA produced excessive cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced greater apoptosis of cancer cells. LDL-based SRF/DHA-loaded lipid nanoparticles (LD-SDN) showed remarkable decrease in the cell viability compared to that of either of single drug treated cancer cells. Combination of SRF+DHA resulted in predominant SubG1 proportion of cells. LD-SDN exhibited the highest SubG1 (%) of cells compared to that of any of the individual drugs. Most importantly, robust antitumor response and delayed tumor growth was observed for LD-SDN treated xenograft tumor model. Ki67 proliferation index of LD-SDN (22.1 ± 5.6%) is significantly lesser compared to that of either control (86.2 ± 6.9%) or SRF (75.4 ± 4.89%) or DHA (69.4 ± 6.9%).
These data provide strong evidence that LDL-mimetic lipid nanoformulations could be utilized as a biocompatible and tumor targeted platform for the delivery of multiple anticancer drugs in cancer treatment.
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant disease that develops rapidly and carries a poor prognosis. Currently, surgery is the only radical treatment. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are protein-free RNAs produced ...by genome transcription; they play important roles in regulating gene expression, participating in epigenetic modification, cell proliferation, differentiation and reproduction. ncRNAs also play key roles in the development of cancer; microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) may lead the way to new treatments for pancreatic cancer. miRNAs are short-chain ncRNAs (19-24 nt) that inhibit the degradation of protein translation or their target gene mRNAs to regulate gene expression. lncRNAs contain >200 nt of ncRNA and play important regulatory roles in a number of malignant tumors, in terms of tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and distant metastasis. lncRNAs can be exploited for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer and have substantial prospects for clinical application. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of their regulation and function, as well as the significance of other ncRNAs, such as piwi-interacting RNA, in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, are largely unknown. In this review, the structures of ncRNAs with various classifications, as well as the functions and important roles of ncRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer are reviewed.
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been demonstrated to modulate the biological behavior of tumors intensively. Multiple stress conditions are widely observed in the TME of many cancer types, such ...as hypoxia, inflammation, and nutrient deprivation. Recently, accumulating evidence demonstrates that the expression levels of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are dramatically altered by TME stress, and the dysregulated ncRNAs can in turn regulate tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this review, we elaborate on the signal transduction pathways or epigenetic pathways by which hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), inflammatory factors, and nutrient deprivation in TME regulate ncRNAs, and highlight the pivotal roles of TME stress-related ncRNAs in tumors. This helps to clarify the molecular regulatory networks between TME and ncRNAs, which may provide potential targets for cancer therapy. Keywords: LncRNAs, CircRNAs, Hypoxia, Inflammation, Nutrient deprivation
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) accounts for 20% of liver malignancies with a 5-year survival rate of 35% at best with limited prognostic predictors. Lung Immune Prognostic Index ...(LIPI) is a novel prognostic factor in pulmonary cancers. In this study, we developed a modified prognostic model from LIPI called intrahepatic immune prognostic index (IIPI) for ICC. A retrospectively study was conducted at Liver Transplant Center of West China Hospital between January 2015 and January 2023. Hematological factors and clinical features of ICC patients were collected and analyzed. The area under curve (AUC) and optimal cuff-off of each single hematological factor was calculated. In this study, derived neurtrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), arbohydrate antigen199 (CA199) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have higher AUC values. LIPI was composed of dNLR and was further modified by combing CA199 and CEA, forming the IIPI. The IIPI consists of four grades which are None, Light, Moderate and Severe. Compared to other prognostic factors, IIPI exhibited better ability to predict overall survival. The multivariate analysis indicated that cirrhosis, differentiation, hilar invasion and IIPI were independent prognostic factors for ICC patients. An IIPI-based nomogram was also established and could predict the overall survival. In addition, the subgroup analyses based on clinical prognostic factors showed that the IIPI exhibited excellent prognostic influence. IIPI model is suitable for predicting the prognosis of postoperative ICC patients. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between postoperative recurrence and metastasis of ICC patients and IIPI.
Background Observational studies have indicated that immune dysregulation in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) primarily involves intestinal-derived immune cells. However, the causal relationship ...between peripheral blood immune cells and PSC remains insufficiently understood. Methods A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was implemented to determine the causal effect between PBC and 731 immune cells. All datasets were extracted from a publicly available genetic database. The standard inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was selected as the main method for the causality analysis. Cochran’s Q statistics and MR-Egger intercept were performed to evaluate heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Results In forward MR analysis, the expression ratios of CD11c on CD62L+ myeloid DC (OR = 1.136, 95% CI = 1.032–1.250, p = 0.009) and CD62L-myeloid DC AC (OR = 1.267, 95% CI = 1.086–1.477, p = 0.003) were correlated with a higher risk of PSC. Each one standard deviation increase of CD28 on resting regulatory T cells (Treg) (OR = 0.724, 95% CI = 0.630–0.833, p < 0.001) and CD3 on secreting Treg (OR = 0.893, 95% CI = 0.823–0.969, p = 0.007) negatively associated with the risk of PSC. In reverse MR analysis, PSC was identified with a genetic causal effect on EM CD8+ T cell AC, CD8+ T cell AC, CD28− CD127− CD25++ CD8+ T cell AC, CD28− CD25++ CD8+ T cell AC, CD28− CD8+ T cell/CD8+ T cell, CD28− CD8+ T cell AC, and CD45 RA− CD28− CD8+ T cell AC. Conclusion Our study indicated the evidence of causal effects between PSC and immune cells, which may provide a potential foundation for future diagnosis and treatment of PSC.
Local feature description of point clouds is essential in 3D computer vision. However, many local feature descriptors for point clouds struggle with inadequate robustness, excessive dimensionality, ...and poor computational efficiency. To address these issues, we propose a novel descriptor based on Planar Projection Contours, characterized by convex packet contour information. We construct the Local Reference Frame (LRF) through covariance analysis of the query point and its neighboring points. Neighboring points are projected onto three orthogonal planes defined by the LRF. These projection points on the planes are fitted into convex hull contours and encoded as local features. These planar features are then concatenated to create the Planar Projection Contour (PPC) descriptor. We evaluated the performance of the PPC descriptor against classical descriptors using the B3R, UWAOR, and Kinect datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the PPC descriptor achieves an accuracy exceeding 80% across all recall levels, even under high-noise and point density variation conditions, underscoring its effectiveness and robustness.
Among the treatments for malignant tumors, radiotherapy is of great significance both as a main treatment and as an adjuvant treatment. Radiation therapy damages cancer cells with ionizing radiation, ...leading to their death. However, radiation-induced toxicity limits the dose delivered to the tumor, thereby constraining the control effect of radiotherapy on tumor growth. In addition, the delayed toxicity caused by radiotherapy significantly harms the physical and mental health of patients. FLASH-RT, an emerging class of radiotherapy, causes a phenomenon known as the 'FLASH effect', which delivers radiotherapy at an ultra-high dose rate with lower toxicity to normal tissue than conventional radiotherapy to achieve local tumor control. Although its mechanism remains to be fully elucidated, this modality constitutes a potential new approach to treating malignant tumors. In the present review, the current research progress of FLASH-RT and its various particular effects are described, including the status of research on FLASH-RT and its influencing factors. The hypothetic mechanism of action of FLASH-RT is also summarized, providing insight into future tumor treatments.
Hierarchical flower-like TiO
2
microspheres (FMS) and TiO
2
nanorice (NR) were obtained, respectively, by controlling the dosage of Ti precursor via a simple hydrothermal process. Flower-like TiO
2
...microspheres consist of nanopetals grown from the center radially, the nanopetals are about several nm in average thickness, and each nanopetal has a thinned tip with an average size of 15 nm. The unique hierarchical TiO
2
microspheres with large surface area (118.6 m
2
g
−1
) suggested its potential application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The power conversion efficiency of FMS-based DSSCs (9.58%) is much higher than that of NR-based DSSCs (7.13%), which could be ascribed to its excellent light-scattering and dye absorption ability, shorter electron transport pathway and longer electron recombination time derived from the thin thickness and large specific surface area of nanopetals.
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The practical photocatalytic application of cadmium sulfide (CdS) has been significantly constrained by fast carrier recombination and significant photocorrosion. Therefore, we ...developed a three-dimensional (3D) step-by-step (S-scheme) heterojunction using the coupling interface between purple tungsten oxide (W18O49) nanowires and CdS nanospheres. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of optimized W18O49/CdS 3D S-scheme heterojunction can reach 9.7 mmol·h−1·g−1, 7.5 and 16.2 times greater than pure CdS (1.3 mmol·h−1·g−1) and 10 wt%-W18O49/CdS (mechanical mixing, 0.6 mmol·h−1·g−1), proving that the tight S-scheme heterojunction constructed by the hydrothermal method can efficiently enhance the carrier separation. Notably, the apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of W18O49/CdS 3D S-scheme heterojunction approaches 7.5% and 3.5% at 370 nm and 456 nm, respectively, which is 7.5 and 8.8 times than pure CdS (1.0% and 0.4%). The produced W18O49/CdS catalyst also has relative stability of structure and hydrogen production. Additionally, the H2 evolution rate of W18O49/CdS 3D S-scheme heterojunction is 1.2 times greater than 1 wt%-platinum (Pt)/CdS (8.2 mmol·h−1·g−1), which indicates that the W18O49 can effectively replace the precious metal for boosting the hydrogen production rate.
NiCo2O4 is widely used in traditional battery and supercapattery due to its extremely high capacitance value. Herein, the in-situ hydrothermal method has been optimized in order to utilize its own ...charge storage capacity. NiCo2O4 nanosheet thin films with four different morphologies (wrap, neuron, daisy, and tablet shape) are synthesized on Ni foam surface without mechanical stress damage. In the absence of interference from conductive agents and binders, these NiCo2O4 nanosheet thin films with different morphologies provide various conducive channels for charge transfer and more sites for redox reactions achieve better energy storage properties. Particularly, the daisy shape NiCo2O4 nanosheets have the highest capacity (C g−1) of 972.5 (2 M KOH) at 1 A g−1 comparing to others. Furthermore, after subjecting it to 1800 cycles of cyclic stability testing at 40 A g−1, its capacity (C g−1) remarkably increased to 1433.5. In addition, using the daisy shape NiCo2O4 nanosheets thin film and activated carbon, a supercapattery is assembled. The results exhibit that it has an impressive performance of 39.8 W h kg−1 at 750 W kg−1 comparing to other works, which demonstrates that our in-situ hydrothermal synthesized daisy shape NiCo2O4 nanosheet has significant potential in the field of energy storage.
•NiCo2O4 nanosheet thin films with four different morphologies (wrap, neuron, daisy, and tablet shape) are synthesized on Ni foam.•The in-situ hydrothermal method has been optimized in order to utilize NiCo2O4’s charge storage capacity.•The daisy shape NiCo2O4 nanosheets exhibited capacity of 972.5 C g−1 at 1 A g−1.•The daisy shape NiCo2O4 nanosheets//activated carbon exhibited energy density of 39.8 W h kg−1.
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