Depression is the most common mental illness worldwide. It has become an important public health problem. This study aimed to determine the global burden of depression and how it has changed between ...1990 and 2017.
We used information on depression obtained by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study from 1990 to 2017. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were used to assess the global burden of depression.
The number of incident cases of depression worldwide increased from 172 million in 1990 to 25,8 million in 2017, representing an increase of 49.86%. The ASR of depression varied widely between the 195 analyzed countries and regions in 2017, being highest in Lesotho (6.59 per 1000) and lowest in Myanmar (1.28 per 1000). The ASR increased the most between 1990 and 2017 in Belgium (EAPC = 0.88, 95% confidence interval CI = 0.78 to 0.97), and decreased the most in Cuba (EAPC = −1.26, 95% CI = −1.36 to −1.14). The ASR increased in regions with a high sociodemographic index, such as high-income North America (EAPC = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.31 to 0.51), and decreased significantly in South Asia (EAPC = −0.63, 95% CI = −0.85 to −0.41). The proportions of the population with major depressive disorder and dysthymia were essentially stable both globally and in various countries, with a much larger proportion having major depressive disorder.
Depression remains a major public health issue, and governments should support the research necessary to develop better prevention and treatment interventions.
To introduce standard methods of scoring the data derived from both short and long form instruments of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The introduction part consists of a ...set of domains which include the structure of questionnaire, principles of data cleaning, calculation methods and grouping rules. Through practical experience, a specific calculation process of IPAQ-long based on the standard methods was showed.
•ACE2 are highly expressed in human small intestinal enterocytes.•2019-nCoV may have same tissue tropism such as small intestine with SARS-CoV.•The gastrointestinal tract may be an alternative route ...for 2019-nCoV.•Distribution pattern of ACE2 gene insinuates the possibility of a fecal–oral transmission for COVID-19.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China and rapidly spread in other countries in December 2019. The infected patients presented with fever, respiratory symptoms, sometimes with digestive and other systemic manifestations, and some progressed with a severe acute respiratory syndrome or even death. Associated digestive symptoms were frequently observed in the patients, with an unknown significance and mechanism. ACE2, as the major known functional receptor of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) attracted our attention. We collected the clinical data of the 2019-nCoV-infected patients from published studies and extracted the data about the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Furthermore, we used online datasets to analyze ACE2 expression in different human organs, especially in the small intestine, to explore the relationship between ACE2 expression patterns and clinical symptoms. We found that diarrhea accounted for a notable proportion of COVID-19 patients, ranging from 8.0% to 12.9%. The results reveal that ACE2 mRNA and protein are highly expressed in the small intestinal enterocytes but not in the goblet cells or intestinal immune cells. High expression of ACE2 on the surface cells in the digestive tract may lead to gastrointestinal symptoms and inflammation susceptibility. Overall, digestive symptoms were common in the COVID-19 patients. ACE2 expression on surface cells of the small intestine may mediate the invasion and amplification of the virus and activation of gastrointestinal inflammation. It is a possible mechanism of digestive symptoms in the COVID-19 patients and explains the presence of the virus in patients’ stool samples. The study also highlights the necessity of taking stool samples for suspected patients to help in early diagnosis and assessment of disease status.
Existing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) methods rely on reverse transcription (RT) and second-strand synthesis (SSS) to convert single-stranded RNA into double-stranded DNA prior to ...amplification, with the limited RT/SSS efficiency compromising RNA detectability. Here, we develop a new scRNA-seq method, Linearly Amplified Single-stranded-RNA-derived Transcriptome sequencing (LAST-seq), which directly amplifies the original single-stranded RNA molecules without prior RT/SSS. LAST-seq offers a high single-molecule capture efficiency and a low level of technical noise for single-cell transcriptome analyses. Using LAST-seq, we characterize transcriptional bursting kinetics in human cells, revealing a role of topologically associating domains in transcription regulation.
Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease and a severe public health issue. The incidence trends for type 1 diabetes (TIDM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have rarely been studied on a global scale. ...We aimed to determine the temporal and geographical trends of diabetes globally.
Data on diabetes mellitus, including incidence, prevalence from 1990 to 2017 were obtained from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study. We calculated the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of diabetes mellitus according to sex, region, and disease type.
The worldwide incident cases of diabetes mellitus has increased by 102.9% from 11,303,084 cases in 1990 to 22,935,630 cases in 2017 worldwide, while the ASIR increased from 234 /100,000 persons (95% UI, 219-249) to 285/100,000 persons (95% UI, 262-310) in this period EAPC = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.79-0.96. The global ASIRs of T1DM and T2DM both demonstrated significant increase during 1990-2017, with EAPCs of 0.34 (95% CI,0.30-0.39) and 0.89 (95% CI,0.80-0.97), respectively. The ASIR trends also varied considerably by regions and countries. The increase in ASIR was greatest in high sociodemographic index regions (EAPC = 1.05, 95% CI:0.92-1.17) and lowest in low-SDI regions (EAPC = 0.79, 95% CI:0.71-0.88).
Both the number of incident cases and ASIR of diabetes mellitus increased significantly during 1990-2017 worldwide, but the temporal trends varied markedly across regions and countries.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We isolated phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) from the rhizosphere soil of
by the standard dilution plating technique, and determined the phosphate solubilizing characteristics of PSB by the ...Molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method. We explored the mechanism of phosphorus dissolution through analysis of the relationship between the phosphate-solubilizing ability of PSB and the pH of the fermentation broth and the determination of organic acids in the fermentation broth by HPLC-MS. The effects of PSB on the growth and physiology of
were clarified by measuring the growth, physiology, soil nutrients, and soil enzyme activity of potted
seedlings inoculated with PSB. The results showed that 16 strains of PSB were screened from the rhizosphere of
Among those strains, WJ27 had the best effect of solubilizing phosphorus, with the amount of phosphate solubilized reaching 411.98 mg·L
after five days of liquid culture. The strain was identified as
sp. by phenotype observation, physiological and biochemical
Background:
The overall incidence and mortality of gastric cancer have steadily declined in the United States over the past few decades, but it is still a serious disease burden for patients. ...Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the latest survival rate of gastric cancer.
Methods:
Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, this study analyzed the age-standardized relative survival rates and survival trends of gastric cancer cases in 2007–2011 and 2012–2016 using period analysis, and the survival rate 2017–2021 was predicted using a generalized linear model based on the period analysis.
Results:
During 2007–2016, the 5-year relative survival rate of patients with gastric cancer continued to rise, and the same trend was observed in 2017–2021. The 5-year overall age-standardized relative survival rates in 2007–2011, 2012–2016, and 2017–2021 were 38.3%, 40.6%, and 42.9%, respectively. However, despite these favorable trends, the overall relative survival of patients with gastric cancer remains at a low level. There were significant differences in the relative survival rates of patients with gastric cancer in terms of age, sex, race, primary site, stage, and socioeconomic status. Notably, the survival rate of patients with distant-stage gastric cancer remains very low (10%).
Conclusion:
We found that the survival rate of patients with gastric cancer showed different degrees of improvement in each subgroup. However, the overall relative survival rate of patients with gastric cancer remains low. Analyzing the changes of patients with gastric cancer in the last 10 years will be helpful in predicting the changing trend of cancer in the future. It also provides a scientific basis for relevant departments to formulate effective tumor prevention and control measures.
Data mining technology can search for potentially valuable knowledge from a large amount of data, mainly divided into data preparation and data mining, and expression and analysis of results. It is a ...mature information processing technology and applies database technology. Database technology is a software science that researches manages, and applies databases. The data in the database are processed and analyzed by studying the underlying theory and implementation methods of the structure, storage, design, management, and application of the database. We have introduced several databases and data mining techniques to help a wide range of clinical researchers better understand and apply database technology.
We collected information on patients with rectal adenocarcinoma in the United States from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and EndResults (SEER) database. We used this information to establish a model ...that combined deep learning with a multilayer neural network (the DeepSurv model) for predicting the survival rate of patients with rectal adenocarcinoma.
We collected patients with rectal adenocarcinoma in the United States and older than 20 yearswho had been added to the SEER database from 2004 to 2015. We divided these patients into training and test cohortsat a ratio of 7:3. The training cohort was used to develop a seven-layer neural network based on the analysis method established by Katzman and colleagues to construct a DeepSurv prediction model. We then used the C-index and calibration plots to evaluate the prediction performance of the DeepSurv model.
The 49,275 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma included in the study were randomly divided into the training cohort (70%, n = 34,492) and the test cohort (30%, n = 14,783). There were no statistically significant differences in clinical characteristics between the two cohorts (p > 0.05). We applied Cox proportional-hazards regression to the data in the training cohort, which showed that age, sex, marital status, tumor grade, surgery status, and chemotherapy status were significant factors influencing survival (p < 0.05). Using the training cohort to construct the DeepSurv model resulted in a C-index of the model of 0.824, while using the test cohort to verify the DeepSurv model yielded a C-index of 0.821. Thesevalues show that the prediction effect of the DeepSurv model for the test-cohort patients was highly consistent with the prediction resultsfor the training-cohort patients.
The DeepSurv prediction model of the seven-layer neural network that we have established can accurately predict the survival rateand time of rectal adenocarcinoma patients.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aims/Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with a heterogeneous distribution worldwide. Optimal healthcare planning requires an understanding ...of how the burden of CKD as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus has changed over time and geographic location, as well as the potential roles of sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral factors in these changes.
Materials and Methods
We used the Global Burden of Disease data from 1990 to 2017 at the global, regional and national levels to investigate changes in the incidence, death and disability‐adjusted life years of CKD as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus, incorporating both epidemiological research and risk factor monitoring.
Results
The incident cases of CKD as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide in 2017 had increased by 74% compared with 1990; total disability‐adjusted life years had increased by 113%, mainly attributable to population expansion and demographic transition. The Sociodemographic Index was significantly and negatively correlated with overall CKD as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus burden. However, in 82 countries and territories, the burden was not alleviated in parallel with socioeconomic development.
Conclusions
CKD as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been the main contributor to the increasing burden of CKD over the past several decades. We suggest a more pragmatic approach focusing on early diagnosis, primary care and adequate follow up to reduce mortality and the long‐term burden in low‐to‐middle Sociodemographic Index regions. Interventions should address high systolic blood pressure, as well as overweight and obesity problems, especially in high‐income regions.
On a global scale, a modest decrease in the age‐standardized incidence rate of chronic kidney disease as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been observed. Low‐ to middle‐income countries are suffering from a disproportionally higher burden of mortality rather than of morbidity compared with relatively more affluent counties. From 1990 to 2017, 82 of 195 countries failed to alleviate the burden of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in parallel with sociodemographic development. Meanwhile, there are potential opportunities for countries across the entire development spectrum. High body mass index is accounting for an increasingly greater proportion of the age‐standardized disability‐adjusted life years rate globally.
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