Egypt is considered one of the centers of cultivated lettuce (
Lactuca sativa
L.) domestication. However, traditional Egyptian lettuce landraces and their sympatric wild relatives have not been ...comprehensively described. We assembled a set of 35 lettuce samples from Egypt (landraces of
L. sativa
Cos and Oilseed types plus
L. serriola
L.), and compared them with a set of European
L. sativa
germplasm accessions and an outgroup of wild
Lactuca
spp. Altogether, 19 morphological and three developmental traits were assessed under greenhouse conditions for the duration of the plants’ life cycle. Species identifications and
L. sativa
morphotypes were verified. Cluster analysis of 17 qualitative and quantitative morphological traits showed a clear separation of samples into three major clusters, corresponding to clustering based on 689 AFLP markers. The seed weight of Oilseed types was significantly higher than those of other types. All Cos-type samples, either from Egypt or advanced cultivars, remained free of natural powdery mildew infection. The origin and potential contributions of lettuce from Egypt are discussed in relation to the broader history of lettuce cultivation and varietal improvement.
A set of accessions of lettuce landrace ‘Ljubljanska ledenka’ (
Lactuca sativa
L.) was characterized by morphological and molecular markers and for resistance to
Bremia lactucae
, with the aim of ...assessing the variability of the collection, exploring the genetic structure and potentially identifying the characters responsible for differentiation of the accessions. Wide phenotypic variation was observed among 51 accessions screened for 26 morphological and phenological traits. UPGMA cluster analysis and principal component analysis based on phenotypic data enabled the studied accessions to be divided into four clusters. The most important character by which the largest two clusters were differentiated was anthocyanin coloration. The clustering pattern of the AFLP dendrogram where two major clusters were identified was similar but not identical to the pattern of the phenotypic dendrogram. The Mantel test showed a high correlation between the phenotypic and the molecular data obtained (r = 0.67). In spite of the weak genetic differentiation between the accessions, STRUCTURE analysis based on AFLP data provided a clear indication for the existence of sub-groups within the two clusters. Thirty-four accessions were screened for resistance to 12 races of
B. lactucae
. The results show that the accessions very frequently express various reaction patterns of race specificity. Expression of race-specificity was not uniform across the set of accessions and at least 11 different reaction patterns were recorded, indicating that different race-specific resistance factors (R-factors) or genes (
Dm
genes) could be expected. This conclusion is supported by the results obtained in morphological and molecular studies, showing that lettuce landrace ‘Ljubljanska ledenka’ is not genetically uniform and is represented by a variety of genotypes.
Understanding the genetic background of drought tolerance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) can aid its resilience improvement. However, drought response studies in large seeded genotypes of ...Andean origin are insufficient. Here, a novel Andean intra-gene pool genetic linkage map was created for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of drought-responsive traits in a recombinant inbred line population from a cross of two cultivars differing in their response to drought. Single environment and QTL × environment analysis revealed 49 QTLs for physiology, phenology, and yield-associated traits under control and/or drought conditions. Notable QTLs for days to flowering (Df1.1 and Df 1.2) were co-localized with a putative QTL for days to pods (Dp1.1) on linkage group 1, suggesting pleiotropy for genes controlling them. QTLs with stable effects for number of seeds per pod (Sp2.1) in both seasons and putative water potential QTLs (Wp1.1, Wp5.1) were detected. Detected QTLs were validated by projection on common bean consensus linkage map. Drought response-associated QTLs identified in the novel Andean recombinant inbred line (RIL) population confirmed the potential of Andean germplasm in improving drought tolerance in common bean. Yield-associated QTLs Syp1.1, Syp1.2, and Sp2.1 in particular could be useful for marker-assisted selection for higher yield of Andean common beans.
V stoletjih pridelovanja so se v Sloveniji razvile številne avtohtone sorte vrtne solate (Lactuca sativa L.). Z zbiranjem, ki je od začetka devetdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja potekalo po Sloveniji, ...smo do danes zbrali skupno 177 genskih virov, ki jih v okviru Slovenske rastlinske genske banke (SRGB) hranimo in vzdržujemo na Kmetijskem inštitutu Slovenije. Zbirka vsebuje tudi nekatere divje sorodnike vrtne solate in genske vire, ki smo jih za namene raziskovalnega dela pridobili iz drugih genskih bank v Evropi in svetu. Skupaj obsega 227 genskih virov. V okviru raziskovalnih projektov smo večji del zbirke podrobno ovrednotili z morfološkimi in molekulskimi markerji. Pretežni del zbirke predstavljajo krhkolistne solate, najbolj zastopana med njimi je avtohtona sorta 'Ljubljanska ledenka', kateri smo v zadnjih letih namenili posebno pozornost, saj ji je grozilo izumrtje. Na osnovi večletnega vrednotenja izbranih virov 'Ljubljanske ledenke' tako iz SRGB kot iz drugih genskih bank v svetu smo ugotovili, da še obstojajo genski viri, ki ustrezajo originalnemu opisu sorte in se hkrati razlikujejo od do sedaj znanih sort. Te vire smo uporabili za obuditev sorte 'Ljubljanska ledenka' in sorto bomo kot avtohtono vpisali v Sortno listo.
Zbirka fižola, ki jo v okviru Slovenske rastlinske genske banke hranimo na Kmetijskem inštitutu Slovenije, obsega 1035 genskih virov, ki so bili v zadnjih 25ih letih zbrani na območju Slovenije. V ...zbirki imamo tudi 61 genskih virov, ki smo jih pridobili v okviru sodelovanja v mednarodnih ekspedicijah v tujini ter 39 virov, ki smo jih za potrebe raziskovalnega dela pridobili iz drugih genskih bank v Evropi in svetu. Večina slovenskih virov predstavlja navadni fižol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), manjši del pa je laškega, turškega fižola (P. coccineus L.). Za vse shranjene vzorce imamo na voljo osnovne podatke. Vsako leto določeno število vzorcev razmnožimo in naredimo osnovno karakterizacijo. Del zbirke smo podrobneje ovrednotili z uporabo morfoloških, biokemijskih in molekulskih markerjev. Rezultati so pokazali, da se je v več stoletjih pridelovanja v Sloveniji oblikovala raznolika dednina, ki jo je vredno ohraniti. Obsežneje smo ovrednotili odpornost na glivo Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, ki povzroča fižolov ožig. Vzorce, shranjene v genski banki, uporabljamo za različne raziskave, med katerimi prevladujejo raziskave sušnega stresa. Prav tako pa jo uporabljamo v žlahtniteljskem procesu za žlahtnjenje novih sort ter za reintrodukcijo starih sort.
The aim of this study was to compare expression profiles of a number of transcripts from leaves of different Phaseolus species under drought stress, in order to ascertain whether changes in their ...expression in Phaseolus spp. are part of a general or a species specific response to drought. Relative gene expression analysis using quantitative PCR were carried out in P. coccineus, P. lunatus and P. acutifolius for 13 transcripts previously identified as up- or down-regulated in leaves of P. vulgaris. The mode of expression was found consistent within Phaseolus spp., despite the fact that the four species differ in their responses to drought at the physiological and morphological levels. The present results suggest that this is a common feature of the response of Phaseolus spp. The majority of the genes shown here to be influenced by water deficit in beans have been reported in other plant species under similar conditions, suggesting that they play a role in the general response to drought stress.
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop from the Fabaceae family that is cultivated worldwide for human consumption. It is also widely exposed to drought. The identification of genes ...whose expression is altered under conditions of drought is an important first step towards understanding the response of this species. Such a study has recently been published on roots of P. vulgaris (Torres et al. 2006, Plant Sci 171:300-307) and a complementary study is here reported on leaves. 19-day-old plants of 8 cultivars grown in a growth chamber and 21-day-old plants of four of these cultivars grown in a greenhouse under conditions nearer to those in the field, were subjected to progressive water withdrawal. Changes in gene expression in their leaves at different levels of dehydration were identified by differential display reverse transcriptase PCR and confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. The levels of 15 transcripts were changed significantly (P < 0.05) in all cultivars under both growth conditions, 8 being increased and seven decreased. All these transcripts were related by blastp search to known plant proteins. At least six transcripts corresponded to those whose expression is altered under drought in Arabidopsis thaliana. Five of the genes identified have not previously been reported as being influenced by drought. The identified genes were different from those influenced by drought in roots of P. vulgaris. Only minor differences in expression of these 15 genes were found between the different cultivars.
Mithras in Teutoburgium Vilgorac Brčić, Inga; Bricault, Laurent
Prilozi Instituta za arheologiju u Zagrebu,
2021, Letnik:
38, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A roman altar with an inscription dedicated to Mithras was found in the area of Teutoburgium 42 years ago. Although it is part of Vukovar City Museum’s permanent display (inv. no AZ-550), until now ...it had never been published in the scholarly literature. In this paper the inscription will be reconstructed, analysed and interpreted for the first time. Additionally, the other, published Mithraic altar from Teutoburgium (CIMRM II, 1635) will be reconsidered. It will be concluded that both of them belonged to the same time period and that they ornated one or two unlocated temples.
Rimski žrtvenik posvećen Mitri nađen je na području Teutoburgija prije četrdeset dvije godine. Iako je dio stalnoga postava Gradskoga Muzeja Vukovar (inv. br. AZ-550), dosad nije objavljen u znanstvenoj literaturi. U radu se prvi puta rekonstruira, analizira i interpretira natpis na spomeniku. Osim toga, iznova se razmatra i drugi, već objavljeni žrtvenik posvećen Mitri iz Teutoburgija (CIMRM II, 1635). Zaključak je da pripadaju istome razdoblju i da su ukrašavali jedno ili više zasad nelociranih svetišta.
The present work was conducted to evaluate AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) and SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) marker systems for their ability to detect genetic diversity within a set of ...29 common bean accessions spanning both the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools and to compare the efficiency of these two marker types in the classification of accessions according to the gene pools of origin. The ten AFLP primer combinations produced 112 polymorphic bands, while 14 SSR primer pairs generated 100 polymorphic bands. Almost two-fold higher value of expected heterozygosity was calculated for SSR (0.63) than for AFLP (0.32). As the result of a higher multiplex ratio component (11.20), higher marker index value was observed for AFLP (3.56) in comparison to SSR (0.63). The higher level of polymorphism detected by SSR markers has contributed to the lower genetic similarity estimates based on SSR markers (mean 0.25) as compared to AFLP markers (mean 0.88). The dendrograms generated with hierarchical UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean) cluster analysis of the Jaccard's similarity coefficient matrices revealed two major clusters, which were identified as the Andean and the Mesoamerican gene pools. Both marker systems showed comparable accuracy in grouping genotypes of common bean according to their gene pool of origin.
Common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was introduced in Europe from both Mesoamerican and Andean centers of origin and has been cultivated in central Europe for centuries. The first objective of this ...study was to evaluate genetic diversity and the population structure of 167 accessions divided into four groups according to geographical origin (Slovenia and Austria) and time periods (historical and present) using 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The second objective was to improve our understanding of the pathways of dissemination and the evolution of this species in central Europe. Great allelic polymorphism was detected in all four groups of examined accessions, indicating that Slovene and Austrian bean germplasm in the past possessed significant variation that has been well preserved until today. In factorial correspondence analysis, accessions from different groups clustered together indicating potential gene flow between countries. The uncovered diversity corresponded very well to the two recognized gene pools (Andean and Mesoamerican). The majority of accessions in every single group belonged to the Andean gene pool. Strong predominance of Andean genotypes classifies Slovenia among other Mediterranean countries, like Spain and Italy. The latter appears as a most probable source of first beans in Slovenia and Austria. We assume that in the beginning of the previous century after very tight relationships between Slovenia and Austria loosened, introgression of genotypes from western and northern European countries took place in Austria, which resulted in a very high proportion of Mesoamerican genotypes that we found in the present Austrian germplasm (44%). Several putative hybrids between the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools were detected in this study. Evolutionary significance, origin, and breeding potential of these recombinants are discussed here.
PDF
