There are elevated rates of trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and greater conditional risk of posttraumatic stress disorder among Latinx relative to other racial/ethnic groups. Such ...trauma-related health disparities serve to exacerbate or maintain acculturative and other types of stress among the Latinx population. Yet, little research has explored what types of individual difference factors may undergird variability in acculturative stress among trauma-exposed Latinx persons. Accordingly, the present investigation examined individual differences in anxiety sensitivity (fear of the negative consequences of stress sensations) in relation to acculturative stress among a large sample of trauma-exposed Latinx young adults (n = 1,377 persons; Mage = 21.01; SD = 2.50; age range: 18-29 years; 76.7% female). Results demonstrated that anxiety sensitivity explained 10.2% of unique variance in acculturative stress (p < .001, adjusted R2 = .188) after accounting for age, sexual minority status, history of trauma exposure, and posttraumatic stress symptom severity. Additionally, each of the 3 subfactors of anxiety sensitivity (Physical, Cognitive, and Social) were directly related to acculturative stress despite sharing variance with one another. Overall, the current findings suggest that anxiety sensitivity may be a heretofore underrecognized individual difference factor that is related to more severe acculturative stress among trauma-exposed Latinx young adults.
Porous solids often contain complex pore networks with pores of various sizes. Tracking individual fluorescent probes as they diffuse through porous materials can be used to characterize pore ...networks at tens of nanometers resolution. However, understanding the motion behavior of fluorescent probes in confinement is crucial to reliably derive pore network properties. Here, we introduce well‐defined lithography‐made model pores developed to study probe behavior in confinement. We investigated the influence of probe‐host interactions on diffusion and trapping of confined single‐emitter quantum‐dot probes. Using the pH‐responsiveness of the probes, we were able to largely suppress trapping at the pore walls. This enabled us to define experimental conditions for mapping of the accessible pore space of a one‐dimensional pore array as well as a real‐life polymerization‐catalyst‐support particle.
A lithography‐made, two‐dimensional model pore was used to characterize the motion behavior of individual, confined, fluorescent probes under varying pH conditions. The obtained knowledge enabled the pore‐space exploration and mapping of more complex silica materials, such as a real‐life polymerization‐catalyst‐support particle, with sub‐diffraction‐limit resolution.
This work aimed to evaluate the effect of different substances on the permeation of geraniol through bovine hoof membranes. Different penetration enhancers were able to increase the permeability up ...to 25 times compared to control. It was demonstrated that acetilcysteine in association with ascorbic acid increased the permeation, even in acid formulations. In addition, some antifungal drugs were incorporated into a gel formulation of HPMC containing acetylcysteine 5% and ascorbic acid 0.2% and then the permeation coefficient through bovine hoof membranes was evaluated. The relationship between permeability and molecular weight was established for fluconazole, miconazole, terbinafine, butenafine, geraniol and nerol. Geraniol and nerol, the antifungals with lower molecular weight, had the better permeability results. Permeability coefficients for nail plates were estimated and geraniol demonstrated similar or even better efficacy index values against T. rubrum, T. menthagrophytes and M. canis compared with terbinafine and miconazole.
The present study examined the role of anxiety sensitivity in the relation between acculturative stress and mood and anxiety symptoms and disorders among Latinos seeking health services at a primary ...healthcare facility. Participants included 142 adult Latinos (86.6% female, Mage = 39.05 years, SD = 12.46%, and 96.3% reported Spanish as their first language). Results indicated that acculturative stress was indirectly related to the number of mood and anxiety disorders, anxious arousal, social anxiety, and depressive symptoms through anxiety sensitivity. The observed effects were evident above and beyond the variance accounted for by gender, age, marital status, educational status, employment status, years living in the United States, and negative affectivity. Overall, the present findings suggest that there is merit in focusing further scientific attention on the interplay between acculturative stress and anxiety sensitivity to better understand and inform interventions to reduce anxiety/depressive vulnerability among Latinos in primary care.
•Research on acculturative stress and anxiety sensitivity among Latinos is scarce.•Acculturative stress is indirectly related to a number of mood/anxiety disorders.•Findings may show the start of developing intervention strategies for Latinos.•Further study on interventions might reduce vulnerability factors among Latinos.
Objectives were to evaluate the effects of an oral supplement containing soluble Ca, and live yeast in LPS-challenged dairy cows. The trial consisted of 2 experimental periods (P). During P1 (3 d), ...cows (n = 12) were fed ad libitum and baseline data was collected. At the beginning of P2 (which lasted 96 h), all cows were i.v. challenged with 0.375 μg/kg BW LPS. Cows were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) control (CON; no bolus; n = 6) or 2) an oral bolus containing Ca and live yeast (CLY; YMCP Vitall® 44.718 g of elemental Ca; TechMix, LLC., Stewart, MN; n = 6), administered −0.5 and 6.5 h relative to LPS infusion. Following LPS administration, circulating Ca decreased in both treatments but supplemental CLY ameliorated the hypocalcemia (48 h area under the curve: −10.8 vs. −1.9 mmol/L × h; P < .01). Lipopolysaccharide decreased dry matter intake (DMI; 60%) similarly for both treatments on d 1, but overall (d 1–4) DMI tended to be reduced less (14 vs. 30%; P = .06) in CLY supplemented vs CON cows. Lipopolysaccharide reduced milk yield (70%; P < .01) from 12 to 24 h, but throughout P2, milk yield from CLY supplemented cows was increased (38%; P = .03) relative to CON cows. Overall during P2, circulating LPS-binding protein and serum amyloid A increased post LPS (3- and 4-fold, respectively, P < .01), but were unaffected by treatment (P ≥ .68). In conclusion, providing an oral supplement containing Ca and live yeast prior to and following LPS administration markedly ameliorated LPS-induced hypocalcemia and improved DMI and milk yield.
•An oral supplement containing Ca and live yeast ameliorated LPS-induced hypocalcemia and improved DMI and milk yield.•Utilizing this supplement could be a management strategy to improve animal welfare prior and during immunoactivation.•Infusing i.v. LPS appears to be an effective technique to model hypocalcemia.
One of the aims of the United Nations (UN) negotiations on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) is to develop a legal process for ...the establishment of area-based management tools, including marine protected areas, in ABNJ. Here we use a conservation planning algorithm to integrate 55 global data layers on ABNJ species diversity, habitat heterogeneity, benthic features, productivity, and fishing as a means for highlighting priority regions in ABNJ to be considered for spatial protection. We also include information on forecasted species distributions under climate change. We found that parameterizing the planning algorithm to protect at least 30% of these key ABNJ conservation features, while avoiding areas of high fishing effort, yielded a solution that highlights 52,545,634 km2 (23.7%) of ABNJ as high priority regions for protection. Instructing the planning model to avoid ABNJ areas with high fishing effort resulted in relatively minor shifts in the planning solution, when compared to a separate model that did not consider fishing effort. Integrating information on climate change had a similarly minor influence on the planning solution, suggesting that climate-informed ABNJ protected areas may be able to protect biodiversity now and in the future. This globally standardized, data-driven process for identifying priority ABNJ regions for protection serves as a valuable complement to other expert-driven processes underway to highlight ecologically or biologically significant ABNJ regions. Both the outputs and methods exhibited in this analysis can additively inform UN decision-making concerning establishment of ABNJ protected areas.
•As ABNJ becomes busier, spatial management options become more constrained.•High priority regions for MPA establishment occur in all of the world's oceans.•Protecting 30% of key biodiversity features requires protecting at least 24% of ABNJ.•Planning algorithms & global experts highlight many of the same ABNJ priority areas.•Contemporary protected areas can aid biodiversity now & in a climate-altered future.
Objectives were to determine the effects of a product containing electrolytes, osmolytes, and energetic compounds (EOEC) on body temperature indices in heat-stressed (HS) Holstein cows. Lactating ...cows were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) a control diet (n = 10) or 2) a control diet supplemented with 113 g/d of EOEC (n = 10; Bovine BlueLite® Pellets; TechMix LLC, Stewart, MN). The trial consisted of 2 experimental periods (P). During P1 (4 d), cows were fed their respective treatments and housed in thermoneutral conditions. During P2 (4 d), HS was artificially induced using an electric heat blanket (EHB). Overall, HS markedly increased vaginal temperature (Tv), rectal temperature (Tr), skin temperature (Ts), and respiration rate (RR) (P < .01). There were no dietary treatment differences in Tv, Tr, or RR; however, during P2 EOEC-supplemented cows had increased Ts (0.8 °C; P = .04). Compared to P1, HS decreased DMI and milk yield (45 and 27%, respectively, P < .01) similarly amongst treatments. Relative to P1, circulating insulin decreased (41%; P = .04) in CON cows, whereas it remained unaffected in EOEC-supplemented cows, resulting in a 2-fold increase in EOEC compared with CON-fed cows (P < .01) during P2. Relative to P1, HS increased circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA; 63%; P < .01). During P2, there tended to be a treatment by day interaction on circulating NEFA, as concentrations decreased from d 2 to 4 of P2 in EOEC-fed cows but continued to increase in CON cows. In summary, feeding EOEC altered some key aspects of energetic metabolism and increased Ts.
•Employing the electric heat blanket increased all body temperature variables.•Employing the electric heat blanket decreased production parameters and affected blood gas parameters.•Feeding electrolytes, osmolytes, and energetic compounds appear to increase heat dissipation.•Feeding EOEC increased altered bioenergetics, and reduced the strain on partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
Nonimmediate allergic reactions (NIRs) to drugs, which are the most common reactions induced by specific immunologic mechanisms, can be induced by all commercially available drugs. NIRs can appear ...hours, days, or even weeks after drug intake. They elicit a spectrum of manifestations, mostly affecting the skin, ranging from maculopapular exanthema and urticaria to other less common but more severe entities such as acute generalized exanthematic pustulosis, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms/drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. The main pathologic event involved in NIRs is a T-cell effector response and the wide heterogeneity of clinical symptoms may reflect differences in the underlying immunologic mechanisms. Despite their clinical heterogeneity, NIRs share certain aspects such as the activation of T cells with increased expression of CD25 and HLA-DR. NIRs are classified as type 1 helper (T(H)1) T-cell responses, characterized by the production of interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 2, T-bet, and the cytotoxic markers perforin and granzyme B. Diagnosis is often complicated because of the difficulty of obtaining a reliable clinical history, the important role played by cofactors such as viral diseases, and the low sensitivity of skin tests and in vitro tests. Further studies are thus required in order to improve our understanding of NIRs and refine our diagnostic criteria.
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