The Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies S^4G is an Exploration Science Legacy Program approved for the Spitzer post-cryogenic mission. It is a volume-, magnitude-, and size-limited (d < ...40 Mpc, |b| > 30 degrees, m_(Bcorr) < 15.5, D25>1') survey of 2,331 galaxies using IRAC at 3.6 and 4.5 microns. Each galaxy is observed for 240 s and mapped to > 1.5 x D25. The final mosaicked images have a typical 1 sigma rms noise level of 0.0072 and 0.0093 MJy / sr at 3.6 and 4.5 microns, respectively. Our azimuthally-averaged surface brightness profile typically traces isophotes at mu_3.6 (AB) (1 sigma) ~ 27 mag arcsec^-2, equivalent to a stellar mass surface density of ~ 1 Msun pc^-2. S^4G thus provides an unprecedented data set for the study of the distribution of mass and stellar structures in the local Universe. This paper introduces the survey, the data analysis pipeline and measurements for a first set of galaxies, observed in both the cryogenic and warm mission phase of Spitzer. For every galaxy we tabulate the galaxy diameter, position angle, axial ratio, inclination at mu_3.6 (AB) = 25.5 and 26.5 mag arcsec^-2 (equivalent to ~ mu_B (AB) =27.2 and 28.2 mag arcsec^-2, respectively). These measurements will form the initial S^4G catalog of galaxy properties. We also measure the total magnitude and the azimuthally-averaged radial profiles of ellipticity, position angle, surface brightness and color. Finally, we deconstruct each galaxy using GALFIT into its main constituent stellar components: the bulge/spheroid, disk, bar, and nuclear point source, where necessary. Together these data products will provide a comprehensive and definitive catalog of stellar structures, mass and properties of galaxies in the nearby Universe.
We present here the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey, which has been designed to provide a first step in this direction.We summarize the survey goals and design, including sample ...selection and observational strategy.We also showcase the data taken during the first observing runs (June/July 2010) and outline the reduction pipeline, quality control schemes and general characteristics of the reduced data. This survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopic information of a diameter selected sample of \(\sim600\) galaxies in the Local Universe (0.005< z <0.03). CALIFA has been designed to allow the building of two-dimensional maps of the following quantities: (a) stellar populations: ages and metallicities; (b) ionized gas: distribution, excitation mechanism and chemical abundances; and (c) kinematic properties: both from stellar and ionized gas components. CALIFA uses the PPAK Integral Field Unit (IFU), with a hexagonal field-of-view of \(\sim1.3\sq\arcmin'\), with a 100% covering factor by adopting a three-pointing dithering scheme. The optical wavelength range is covered from 3700 to 7000 Å, using two overlapping setups (V500 and V1200), with different resolutions: R\sim850 and R\sim1650, respectively. CALIFA is a legacy survey, intended for the community. The reduced data will be released, once the quality has been guaranteed. The analyzed data fulfill the expectations of the original observing proposal, on the basis of a set of quality checks and exploratory analysis. We conclude from this first look at the data that CALIFA will be an important resource for archaeological studies of galaxies in the Local Universe.
Using photometry of NGC 1097 from the Herschel PACS (Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer) instrument, we study the resolved properties of thermal dust continuum emission from a circumnuclear ...starburst ring with a radius ~ 900 pc. These observations are the first to resolve the structure of a circumnuclear ring at wavelengths that probe the peak (i.e. lambda ~ 100 micron) of the dust spectral energy distribution. The ring dominates the far-infrared (far-IR) emission from the galaxy - the high angular resolution of PACS allows us to isolate the ring's contribution and we find it is responsible for 75, 60 and 55% of the total flux of NGC 1097 at 70, 100 and 160 micron, respectively. We compare the far-IR structure of the ring to what is seen at other wavelengths and identify a sequence of far-IR bright knots that correspond to those seen in radio and mid-IR images. The mid- and far-IR band ratios in the ring vary by less than +/- 20% azimuthally, indicating modest variation in the radiation field heating the dust on ~ 600 pc scales. We explore various explanations for the azimuthal uniformity in the far-IR colors of the ring including a lack of well-defined age gradients in the young stellar cluster population, a dominant contribution to the far-IR emission from dust heated by older (> 10 Myr) stars and/or a quick smoothing of local enhancements in dust temperature due to the short orbital period of the ring. Finally, we improve previous limits on the far-IR flux from the inner ~ 600 pc of NGC 1097 by an order of magnitude, providing a better estimate of the total bolometric emission arising from the active galactic nucleus and its associated central starburst.
1)This study comprises a group of 75 patients with moderately and far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis treated with amithiozone or with amithiozone and streptomycin and/or PAS for periods varying from ...six to 10 months.2)Amithiozone shows marked anti-tuberculous activity in vitro and in animals.3)A hematologic crisis is described in a patient who received 300 mg. of amithiozone daily, but whose blood was unaffected on a dosage of 150 mg. daily for a period of 11 months.4)In daily dosage of 150 mg. or less, amithiozone is a safe drug when administered under medical supervision and with adequate laboratory facilities.5)In daily dosage of 150 mg., amithiozone may be administered for prolonged periods of time.6)In daily dosage of 150 mg., amithiozone may cause depression of any or all of the formed elements of the blood, but these alterations are transitory and restitution occurs with continued medication.7)In daily dosage of 150 mg., amithiozone may cause a transient eosinophilia.8)These studies do not indicate any specific effect of amithiozone on the sedimentation rate with relation to regression or progression of the disease.9)Chronic pulmonary tuberculosis appears to be a disease characterized by hyperproteinemia and hyperglobulinemia.10)Amithiozone heightens or maintains the hyperproteinemia and hyperglobulinemia.11)Cephalin flocculation tests of 2+ and 3+, after 48 hours, are not rare under amithiozone therapy and may be reversible with continued medication.12)Amithiozone may occasionally be responsible for hepatic insufficiency, jaundice, and hepatomegaly, but this reaction is reversible, and the drug may be resumed when the condition has subsided.13)Amithiozone may cause gastrointestinal disturbances of mild to severe intensity which disappear on cessation of medication and which are less likely to recur when the drug is resumed.14)In daily dosage of 150 mg. per centage amithiozone, conversion of sputum, and clinical improvement was noted. This will be evaluated and reported later.15)Combinations of amithiozone with streptomycin and of amithiozone, streptomycin and PAS seem to show greater clinical promise than any one of these substances used alone, but the results are still to be determined.
