Aquaporins (AQPs) are essential to coordinate the transit of water and ions through the cell membrane. In salivary glands (SGs), AQPs have been associated with saliva formation, facilitating water ...absorption through the epithelium during the formation of hypotonic saliva, which is then secreted into the oral cavity. Different members of the AQP family have been suggested to play distinct roles during embryonic development, highlighted by their specific expression patterns. Here, we have investigated the expression patterns of AQP‐1, AQP‐3 and AQP‐5 by immunofluorescence at key stages of salivary gland development, utilising cultured mouse embryonic submandibular (SMG) and sublingual (SLG) glands. The expression of AQPs was compared to a mitotic marker, phospho‐histone 3 (PH3), a myoepithelial marker, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and a vascular marker, CD31. Qualitative analysis revealed that AQP‐1 and AQP‐3 were primarily expressed during the earlier phases of SG morphogenesis and were associated with cells undergoing mitotic processes (PH3‐positive). AQP‐5, in contrast, was not associated to mitotic figures, but was predominantly expressed during late stages of SG morphogenesis. Our results highlight that AQPs are expressed from early stages of SG morphogenesis and exhibit complimentary expression patterns that may contribute to the morphogenesis of salivary glands.
AQP‐1 in mouse developing salivary glandsA: AQP‐1 expression in basal cell membranes (green ‐ A’) co‐expressed with PH3 nuclear staining (red ‐ A’’). B: At E14.5: AQP‐1 and PH3, showing expression in the ductal and acinar epithelium. C and D: Salivary gland at E16.5, showing condensed mitotic nuclei (blue) colocalised with AQP‐1 in several acinar cells and ductal epithelia.
Epstein-Barr virus–positive mucocutaneous ulcer is a recent and unusual type of lymphoproliferation, mostly associated with various forms of immunosuppression. In most cases, they regress ...spontaneously, but an increasing number of reports describe a spectral behavior of the lesion, which ranges from a simple ulcer with eosinophilia to aggressive ulcers. In these cases, Epstein-Barr virus–related lymphomas are the main differential diagnosis. We report a unique observation of this rare disease with mandibular involvement. Due to bone erosion, the patient was treated with 6 cycles of R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) with complete healing of the ulcer on clinical examination and PET-scan control.
Abstract
Several challenges exist for referral and transport of critically ill children in resource-limited regions such as Latin America; however, little is known about factors associated with ...clinical outcomes. Thus, we aimed to describe the characteristics of critically ill children in Latin America transferred to pediatric intensive care units for acute respiratory failure to identify risk factors for mortality. We analyzed data from 2,692 patients admitted to 28 centers in the Pediatric Collaborative Network of Latin America Acute Respiratory Failure Registry. Among patients referred from another facility (773, 28%), nonurban transports were independently associated with mortality (adjusted odds ratio = 9.4; 95% confidence interval: 2.4–36.3).
The kinetics of the thermal isomerization of some diastereomers of three chiral 1,3,4 thiadiazoline derivatives, selected as case studies of structures resulting from mono-alkyl substitution of the ...anancomeric 4-acetyl-2-acetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazolinyl-spiro-cyclohexane ( TsC ) framework, have been investigated in order to elucidate the possible mechanistic pathways and the structural factors responsible for the observed spiro-junction lability. The insertion of a methyl or a t -butyl group on the C2 or C3 position with respect to the spiro junction generates two stereogenic centres, so that two pairs of enantiomers exist. The first-order rate constants for the isomerization of the less stable enantiomers into the most stable ones have been measured in different solvents and at different temperatures through batch-wise kinetic determinations. The obtained data have been successfully rationalized by DFT calculations and Linear Solvation Energy Relationships (LSER) analyses. The achieved elucidation should make it possible to plan a more rational synthesis of this kind of pharmacologically active compounds, thus affording a practical tool that is useful for controlling the involved stereochemistry and spiro-junction lability.
: Mucoceles are common benign lesions of the oral cavity that develop following extravasation or retention of mucous material from major or minor salivary glands. Most series report a higher ...incidence of mucocele in young patients but no studies exist for this specific age group. The records of 104 patients presenting with mucocele who underwent surgery in the Oral Diseases Clinic of the Department of Dermatology of the University of São Paulo, Brazil, between 1991 and 2006, were reviewed. Of these, 36 (34.6%) were 15 years old or younger, the youngest being 2 years old. Twenty‐six patients were girls, 10 were boys. Lesions were located on the lower labial mucosa (30 patients), tongue (three), floor of the mouth (one), buccal mucosa (one), and in one patient the location was unknown. Histopathology revealed an extravasation pattern in 35 patients and a retention pattern in one. Of the distinct subtypes of mucocele, tongue lesions (mucocele of the glands of Blandin‐Nuhn) seem to be more prevalent and retention mucoceles seem to be very rare in children.
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