Proces zacjeljivanja je sam po sebi kompleksni postupak, a poremećeno zacjeljivanje kroničnih rana je čak još više otežano i povezano s neravnotežom između nekoliko čimbenika. Među njima su ...najznačajniji upalni citokini, slobodni radikali, proteaze, naročito matriks metaloproteinaze i njihovi tkivni inhibitori. U teškim slučajevima je vrlo korisno srebro jer utječe na zacjeljivanje rane na nekoliko načina. osim toga, poznato je da štiti faktore rasta, čisteći matriks metaloproteinaze i slobodne radikale, inaktivirajući destruktivne proteaze, a ima i mnogo drugih kvaliteta. Ima antimikrobne i protuupalne učinke. U malim koncentracijama štiti od recidivirajućih infekcija što je vrlo važno za rizične bolesnike kao što su osobe s dijabetesom, oštećenim imunitetom, bolesnici s ranama. U maloj kliničkoj studiji izabrali smo 5 pacijenata s različitim tipovima etiologije i trajanja venskih vrijedova. Kao lijek izbora korištena je srebrna obloga (Promogran PrismaTM, Johnson & Johnson).Vrijedovi su se statistički smanjili u prosjeku za 34,11 % u 17 dana trajanja studije. najizrazitiji vrijed se u sedam dana liječenja stisnuo za 90,91 %. Uzevši u obzir sve prije spomenuto, očito je da srebro značajno utječe na proces zacjeljivanja rana različite etiologije koje teško zaraštaju.
Kod venskih vrijedova se često opažaju infekcije, biofilmovi i kritične kolonizacije. Za suzbijanje bakterijske kolonizacije koriste se srebro i ugljen, dok su obloge s medom namijenjene čišćenju i ...zacjeljivanju, jer imaju antioksidantno i antibakterijsko djelovanje. U kroničnim ranama se često nađu u prekomjernoj količini matriks metaloproteinaze, što se može regulirati polihidriranim jonogenima. U ovo kliničko istraživanje bilo je uključeno 60 pacijenata čiji su vrijedovi prestali zacjeljivati pa su bili u riziku od infekcije s granulacijskim tkivo neugodnog vonja i diskoloracije. Jedna je skupina liječena oblogama na temelju meda – hBD (MelmaxTM), a druga oblogama na temelju srebra/ugljena – S/CD (Antisorb silverTM). Usporedbom mjerenja područja vrijeda obih skupina tijekom istraživanja ukazalo se na značajne razlike učinaka između obloga. Veličina vrijedova u skupini hBD smanjila se na 36,7 % u srednjem trajanju liječenja od 44 dana. Za razliku od toga vrijedovi skupine S/CD ostali su isti s malim poboljšanjem od 2,8 % smanjenja područja u prosjeku od 42 dana. To je očiti prikaz da su obloge na temelju meda najbolje za kronične rane koje su kritički kolonizirane, inicirane ili pokrivene različitim biofilmovima. one su korisne zbog bržeg čišćenja i zaraštavanja, a osim toga pacijenti trebaju manje dodatnih sistemskih antibiotika
In a one-and-a-half-year study conducted in the ALS6 region in Europe (Ljubljana, Slovenia), the cultivation of microalgae in anaerobic digestate from food waste, mainly Scenedesmus dimorphus and ...Scenedesmus quadricauda, was investigated in three ponds (1260 L each) under a greenhouse. The effects of changing digestate quality and quantity as well as seasonal fluctuations on the productivity of the microalgae were investigated in three stages: Learning/Design (SI), Testing (SII), and Verification/Calibration (SIII). A decision support tool (DST) was developed using easy-to-measure parameters such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, mineral nitrogen forms and physical, biological parameters (OD, delayed fluorescence intensity). To control optimal pond operation, we proposed the photosynthetic culture index (PCI) as an early indicator for necessary interventions. Flocculation and nitrite levels (above 3 mg NO2-N L−1) were signals for the immediate remediation of the algae culture. Under optimal conditions in summer SIII, an average algal biomass production of 11 ± 1.5 g m−2 day−1 and a nitrogen use efficiency of 28 ± 2.6 g biomass/g N-input were achieved with the developed DST. The developed DST tool was, in this study, successfully implemented and used for the cultivation of microalgae consortia predominated by Scenedesmus dimorphus and S. quadricauda with biogas digestate. DST offers the possibility to be modified according to producers’ specific needs, facility, digestate and climate conditions, and as such, could be used for different microalgae cultivation processes with biogas digestate as a food source.
In this work, we demonstrate selected optimization changes in the simple design of filtration masks to increase particle removal efficiency (PRE) and filter quality factor by combining experiments ...and numerical modeling. In particular, we focus on single-layer filters fabricated from uniform thickness fibers and double-layer filters consisting of a layer of highly permeable thick fibers as a support and a thin layer of filtering electrospun nanofibers. For single-layer filters, we demonstrate performance improvement in terms of the quality factor by optimizing the geometry of the composition. We show significantly better PRE performance for filters composed of micrometer-sized fibers covered by a thin layer of electrospun nanofibers. This work is motivated and carried out in collaboration with a targeted industrial development of selected melamine-based filter nano- and micromaterials.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of design solutions on the thermal insulation of the garments and the ensembles. Previous studies investigated the microclimatic air gaps and ...volumes, however only under the first - and the second - layered clothing. Since none of the previous studies covered three - layered ensembles, in this study ensembles were accompanied by jackets of different fit and length to investigate the ensembles’ thermal insulation. Variants of bomber jacket differ in the amount of the ease allowance, while variants of the parka differ in length. The thermal insulation of the ensembles increased for 21.6 to 59.7 % when one of the jacket variants was added as the outerwear garment. A threshold volume, after which the thermal insulation will start to decrease due to convection, wasn’t determined for the outerwear third - layered garments nor was the impact of the length of the garment on the thermal insulation clearly stated. This study involved laboratory testing of garments and ensembles by 3D body scanning and thermal manikin measurements. To evaluate the volume of the microclimatic air volume the accurate 3D body scanning was used and the impact of the microclimatic volume on the ensemble’s insulation was tested. The thermal insulation for the selected outerwear garments and afterwards ensembles was measured by resting thermal manikin. Analysis of the results obtained from tests, showed that the garments’ fit and length can be used to model the overall thermal insulation of the ensembles. The ensembles insulation enlargement was measured for microclimatic volumes up to 33.57 dm
3
(measured with ensembles accompanied with bomber jacket). The study proved that the limiting microclimatic volume is greater for three - layered clothing, than previously reported. The overall ensembles’ insulation increased simultaneously with the length enlargement (measured with ensembles accompanied with parka jacket). Findings will be of help in the future research on garments and ensembles thermal properties modelled through the design process and the construction.
The primary focus of the current study was to determine the potential benefits of supplementing sheep diet with white button mushrooms (WBM) in terms of growth, health and the kinetics of systemic ...CD4+ CD8+ memory T lymphocytes in lambs. Forty-five female lambs (Lika breed) were divided into three groups: A – the control group fed on a free-range pasture for the 222 days of the experiment, while groups B and C were housed in a separate facility for 42 days and fed either a commercial feed mixture (FM) or a FM supplemented with 15% of freshly prepared WBM, respectively, and ad libitum forage. For the remaining 180 days of the experiment, both groups (B and C) of lambs were kept free-range and fed pasture only. The lambs were monitored daily starting on Day 0 (or 90 days of age) before the treatments, weighed and blood sampled on Days 0, 21, 42 and 222, and were clinically observed for the incidence/severity of diarrhea and/or other signs of disease. In addition to morbidity, mortality was also monitored, and dead lambs were examined for gross pathology changes. The lambs fed FM supplemented with WBM (group C) had significantly higher body weight gain (P<0.05) on Days 42 and 222. They were neither diarrheic nor had any mortality cases throughout the experiment. Also, these lambs had a significantly increased (P<0.05) proportion of CD4+CD8+ T cells on Days 42 and 222. The data obtained supported our assumption of the efficacy of dietary WBM in the immunostimulation of CD4+CD8+ memory T lymphocytes in lambs, resulting in protection against on-farm diarrhea and providing an increased growth rate.
The primary focus of the current study was to determine the potential benefits of supplementing sheep diet with white button mushrooms (WBM) in terms of growth, health and the kinetics of systemic ...CD4.sup.+CD8.sup.+ memory T lymphocytes in lambs. Forty-five female lambs (Lika breed) were divided into three groups: A - the control group fed on a free-range pasture for the 222 days of the experiment, while groups B and C were housed in a separate facility for 42 days and fed either a commercial feed mixture (FM) or a FM supplemented with 15% of freshly prepared WBM, respectively, and ad libitum forage. For the remaining 180 days of the experiment, both groups (B and C) of lambs were kept free-range and fed pasture only. The lambs were monitored daily starting on Day 0 (or 90 days of age) before the treatments, weighed and blood sampled on Days 0, 21, 42 and 222, and were clinically observed for the incidence/severity of diarrhea and/or other signs of disease. In addition to morbidity, mortality was also monitored, and dead lambs were examined for gross pathology changes. The lambs fed FM supplemented with WBM (group C) had significantly higher body weight gain (P<0.05) on Days 42 and 222. They were neither diarrheic nor had any mortality cases throughout the experiment. Also, these lambs had a significantly increased (P<0.05) proportion of CD4.sup.+CD8.sup.+ T cells on Days 42 and 222. The data obtained supported our assumption of the efficacy of dietary WBM in the immunostimulation of CD4 (+)CD8 (+) memory T lymphocytes in lambs, resulting in protection against on-farm diarrhea and providing an increased growth rate. Key words: immunostimulation; double-positive T cells; growth; diarrhea; sheep
The objective of this study was to verify the presence of oxidative enzymes in the quadriceps femoris muscle of Lika Pramenka sheep and to evaluate the effect of supplement from button mushrooms, ...Agaricus bisporus (A. bisporus), on the histochemical and morphological characteristics of the muscles. Fourteen oneyear-old Lika Pramenka sheep were randomly divided into two groups (control and experimental groups) comprising 7 animals each. The experiment was conducted over a period of 6 weeks of the winter feeding period. The control group of sheep was fed with a standard feed without antimicrobials or growth promoters. The experimental group was given the same feed but with an additional 1.5% of dry A. bisporus. During the experiment access to water and feed was ad libitum. Samples were tested for the size and type of muscle fibers, as well as for the presence of oxidative enzymes. The diameter of muscle fibers and histochemical reactions profiles were significantly greater in animals fed with the A. bisporus supplement. On the basis of the increased activity of oxidative enzymes, which resulted in pronounced cell metabolism and increased muscle mass, we conclude that A. bisporus displays growth promoter effects. Keywords: Agaricus bisporus, oxidative enzymes, Lika Pramenka sheep breed Cilj ovog istrazivanja bio je provjeriti prisutnost oksidativnih enzima u cetveroglavom bedrenom misicu (m. quadriceps femoris) ovaca pasmine Licka pramenka te procijeniti ucinak u hranu dodanog pripravka plemenite pecurke Agaricus bisporus (A. bisporus) na histokemijske i morfoloske karakteristike misica. Cetrnaest jednogodisnjih ovaca bilo je nasumicno odabrano i podijeljeno u dvije skupine (kontrolna i pokusna skupina) s po sedam zivotinja. Pokus je bio proveden tijekom 6 tjedana hranjenja. Kontrolna skupina bila je hranjena standardnom hranom, dok je pokusnoj skupini u standardnu hranu umjesano 1,5% suhog pripravka A. bisporus. Tijekom cijelog pokusnog razdoblja hrana i voda bile su zivotinjama dostupne ad libitum. Uzorci m. quadriceps femoris ovaca u pokusu bili su analizirani s obzirom na velicinu i tip misicnog vlakna, te na prisutnost oksidativnih enzima. Misicna vlakna vecih promjera i snaznije histokemijske reakcije zabiljezena su u ovaca hranjenih s dodatkom A. bisporus. Temeljem povecane aktivnosti oksidativnih enzima, sto je rezultiralo pojacanim stanicnim metabolizmom i povecanom misicnom masom ovaca hranjenih uz dodatak pripravka plemenite pecurke, mozemo zakljuciti da A. bisporus ima ucinak promotora rasta. Kljucne rijeci: Agaricus bisporus, oksidativni enzimi, ovce, Licka pramenka
BACKGROUND: Because European-wide directives are restricting the non-clinical use of antibiotics as in-feed growth promotors in swine production, there is an intensive search for alternative ...strategies for control and prevention of losses among young pigs. With the growing knowledge of the porcine immune system and its endogenous modulation, it has been clearly established that exogenous immunomodulation using adjuvants and immune response modifiers (IRMs) represents an important prophylactic/therapeutic approach in the prevention/treatment of both stress- and microbial-induced disorders that accompaning weaning. However, it is essential to select a fully evaluated agent which may act either as a nonspecific IRM or synergistically as an adjuvant with vaccines. The synthetic macromolecules with a long history as adjuvant and IRM are nonionic block copolymers which consist of polyoxyethylene (POE) and polyoxypropylene (POP) molecules. METHODS: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of POE-POP given as a single peroral dose on productivity parameters such as body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, and systemic and intestinal immune parameters by assessing the proportions of CD45⁺ lymphoid cells, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, and CD21⁺ B cells in the peripheral blood as well as the number of CD45RA⁺ naive lymphoid cells residing in the ileal mucosa in weaned pigs during a follow-up study 5 weeks after the treatment. RESULTS: Pigs treated with POE-POP had better feed intake (+ 14.57%), higher average body mass at the end of the experiment (20.91 kg vs. 17.61 kg), and higher body weight gain in relation to Day 0 (191.63% vs. 144.58%) as well as in relation to nontreated pigs (+ 18.74%), with a lower feed conversion ratio (− 30.26%) in comparison to the control pigs. A much lower diarrhea severity score (5 vs. 54) was recorded in pigs treated with POE-POP (− 90.74%) than in the control pigs. A higher average diarrhea severity (ADS) was recorded in the control pigs (1.54 vs. 0.14), whereas the treatmant group had much a lower ADS ratio (− 90.91%) after 35 days of the experiment. The pigs that were treated with POE-POP had an increased proportion of CD45⁺, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cells at Day 21 (at p < 0.05, p < 0.05 or p < 0.01, respectively), Day 28 (at p < 0.01, respectively) and Day 35 (at p < 0.01, p < 0.05 or p < 0.01, respectively) as well as of CD21⁺ cells at Day 28 (p < 0.05) and Day 35 of the experiment (p < 0.01). Also, these pigs had more numerous CD45RA⁺ cells in interfollicular (p < 0.05) and follicular areas (p < 0.01) of the ileal Peyer’s patches than did control pigs. CONCLUSION: This property of POE-POP to induce recruitment of circulating and intestinal immune cell subsets in weaned pigs may allow the use of IRM-active block copolymers as adjuvants for vaccines, particularly those orally delivered and targeted to the gut-associated lymphoid tissues that are well known to promote rather tolerogenic than protective immune responses.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Plemenita pečurka (Agaricus bisporus), osim što je zdrava hrana, pripada i skupini funkcionalne hrane što potiče daljnja istra-živanja njezine primjene kao funkcionalne hrane, odnosno funkcionalnog ...dodatka hrani ljudima, a i za domaće životinje namijenjene ljudskoj prehrani. Zbog prisutnosti nekih bi¬oaktivnih sastojaka iz skupine polisaharida, lipopolisaharida, esencijalnih aminokiselina, peptida, glikoproteina, nukleozida, triterpe¬noida, lektina, masnih kiselina i njihovih de¬rivata, za ove gljive poznati su protuupalni, protuvirusni, protubakterijski, hepatoprotek¬tivni, protudijabetički, hipolipemijski, pro-tutrombotski, hipotenzivni učinci i sinbiotska svojstva (neizravni probiotik/izravni prebio¬tik). U ovom istraživanju opisane su pozitivne naznake smanjenja lipida i povećanja aktiv¬nosti enzima u m. semimembrannosus janjadi hranjene svježom plemenitom pečurkom, što upućuje na bolji metabolizam i kvalitetu mesa. Na temelju dosadašnjih istraživanja u sklopu projekta HRZZ-a Inovativni funkcionalni proizvodi od janjećeg mesa (IP-2016-06-3685) te istraživanja prikazanih u ovom radu, može se zaključiti i da A. bisporus u janjadi ima poten¬cijalan učinak promotora rasta. Stoga u ovom radu dobiveni rezultati istraživanja imaju znanstveno dokazanu primjenjivu vrijednost za plemenitu pečurku kao prirodan funkcio¬nalni dodatak u dnevni obrok za janjad iz ko¬jeg će se predstaviti tržišno novi i inovativni proizvod u obliku funkcionalne hrane za ljude (janjeće meso dobrog aroma profila s obzirom na sastav hlapljivih spojeva podrijetlom iz ple¬menite pečurke).
The button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is considered both a healthy food and a functional food. This encourages further research into its use as a functional food, or a functional food supplement for both humans and domestic animals intended for human consumption. Due to the presence of several bioactive ingredients, including polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, essential amino acids, peptides, glycoproteins, nucleosides, triterpenoids, lectins, fatty acids and their derivatives, these fungi exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, hypolipemic, antithrombotic, hypotensive effects and synbiotic properties (indirect probiotic/direct prebiotic). In this study, positive indications of lipid reduction and increased enzyme activity in m. semimembrannosus in lambs fed with fresh button mushroom were described, indicating better metabolism and meat quality. Also, based on previous research within the CSF project “Innovative functional lamb meat products” (IP-2016-06-3685) and the results presented in this paper, it can be concluded that A. bisporus in lambs has a potential effect as a growth promoter. Therefore, the research results presented here have a scientifically proven applicable value for the button mushroom as a natural functional dietary supplement in the daily rations for lambs, which will present a commercially new and innovative product in the form of functional human food (lamb meat with a favourable aroma profile based on volatile compounds derived from button mushrooms).
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