Studies of the characteristics of informal caregivers and associated factors have focused on care-receiver disease or caregiver social and psychological traits; however, an integral description may ...provide better understanding of informal caregivers’ problems. A multicenter cross-sectional study in primary healthcare centers was performed in Barcelona (Spain). Participants were a random sample of informal caregivers of patients in a home-care program. Primary outcomes were health-related quality of life and caregiver burden, and related factors were sociodemographic data, clinical and risk factors, social support and social characteristics, use of healthcare services, and care receivers’ status. In total, 104 informal caregivers were included (mean age 68.25 years); 81.73% were female, 54.81% were retired, 58.65% had high comorbidity, and 48.08% of care receivers had severe dependence. Adjusted multivariate regression models showed health-related quality of life and the caregivers’ burden were affected by comorbidity, age, time of care, and dependency of care receiver, while social support and depression also showed relative importance. Aging, chronic diseases, and comorbidity should be included when explaining informal caregivers’ health status and wellbeing. The effectiveness of interventions to support informal caregivers should comprehensively evaluate caregivers when designing programs, centering interventions on informal caregivers and not care receivers’ conditions.
This article seeks to explain why groups of women working for women's suffrage in Spain from 1918 to 1924 failed to agree on a unified strategy. It focuses on three of the most important groups ...working for the right of women to vote in Spain: the Women's Socialist Group, the Catholic Workers' Trade Union of the Immaculate Conception and the Crusade of Spanish Women, a suffragist group. All three groups were united by the development of strategies which contested male-dominated discourses and spaces in the public sphere, but were ultimately divided by their aims. Their ideological incompatibilities explain why these groups were unable to agree on a common strategy and why the campaign in support of the vote for women failed.
Este artículo aborda la trayectoria política de las hermanas Claudina y Luz García Pérez en la Agrupación Femenina Socialista de Madrid y en varios sindicatos vinculados a la Casa del Pueblo entre ...1918 y 1931. Sus biografías sirven para cuestionar el estereotipo del varón activista sindical y político, al evidenciar la importancia de la militancia familiar en la adopción y mantenimiento de un compromiso de por vida con el socialismo. Además, su trasgresión a los roles hegemónicos de género pone de manifiesto el papel desempeñado por los espacios de sociabilidad política exclusivamente femeninos en la formación de mujeres líderes en regímenes que no reconocían derechos de ciudadanía a las mujeres.
This article contends that the movement in favour of the rights of women in Spain during the first third of the twentieth century was integrated into several international networks. Three exchanges ...are analysed between, on the one hand, the women socialists and suffragists in Spain, and, on the other, the international networks built up by the German socialist Clara Zetkin, the suffragists of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance and the Portuguese feminist Ana de Castro Osório. Scrutiny of these ‘intercrossings’ reveals that, despite their ‘asymmetrical’ outcomes, the demand for the social and political rights of women surpassed national boundaries and had a transformative impact on all the parties involved.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Genetically encoded probes monitoring H
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fluctuations in living organisms are key to decipher redox signaling events. Here we use a new probe, roGFP2-Tpx1.C169S, to monitor pre-toxic ...fluctuations of peroxides in fission yeast, where the concentrations linked to signaling or to toxicity have been established. This probe is able to detect nanomolar fluctuations of intracellular H
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caused by extracellular peroxides; expression of human aquaporin 8 channels H
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entry into fission yeast decreasing membrane gradients. The probe also detects H
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bursts from mitochondria after addition of electron transport chain inhibitors, the extent of probe oxidation being proportional to the mitochondrial activity. The oxidation of this probe is an indicator of steady-state levels of H
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in different genetic backgrounds. Metabolic reprogramming during growth in low-glucose media causes probe reduction due to the activation of antioxidant cascades. We demonstrate how peroxiredoxin-based probes can be used to monitor physiological H
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fluctuations.
Aberrant activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/PTEN/Akt pathway, leading to increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis, has been implicated in several human pathologies including ...cancer. Our previous data have shown that Akt-mediated signaling is an essential mediator in the mouse skin carcinogenesis system during both the tumor promotion and progression stages. In addition, overexpression of Akt is also able to transform keratinocytes through transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes. Here, we report the consequences of the increased expression of Akt1 (wtAkt) or constitutively active Akt1 (myrAkt) in the basal layer of stratified epithelia using the bovine keratin K5 promoter. These mice display alterations in epidermal proliferation and differentiation. In addition, transgenic mice with the highest levels of Akt expression developed spontaneous epithelial tumors in multiple organs with age. Furthermore, both wtAkt and myrAkt transgenic lines displayed heightened sensitivity to the epidermal proliferative effects of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and heightened sensitivity to two-stage skin carcinogenesis. Finally, enhanced susceptibility to two-stage carcinogenesis correlated with a more sustained proliferative response following treatment with TPA as well as sustained alterations in Akt downstream signaling pathways and elevations in cell cycle regulatory proteins. Collectively, the data provide direct support for an important role for Akt signaling in epithelial carcinogenesis in vivo, especially during the tumor promotion stage.
Este artículo analiza la decisión de disolver la Agrupación Femenina Socialista de Madrid en 1927, tras más de veinte años de militancia segregada en el Partido Socialista Obrero Español. Se ofrece ...una interpretación histórica «de geometría variable» al valorar la influencia de factores en tres ámbitos: en el internacional, los avances en relación con los derechos de las mujeres y la instrumentalización del voto femenino influyeron en la estrategia socialista de formas diversas y, en ocasiones, contrapuestas; en el nacional, la escisión comunista provocó la salida de las defensoras de los grupos femeninos, y por último, en el local, la transformación de la identidad colectiva de la Agrupación en favor de postulados feministas planteó una amenaza para la observancia rigurosa del proyecto socialista.
This paper analyses the way in which women gained access to local government in Spain between 1924, when they were first appointed as councillors and mayors, and 1975, when dictator Francisco Franco ...died. The Spanish case involves a political history that includes two dictatorships separated by a republic and a civil war. Most female representatives were not chosen by ballot, but gained access to local governments by other means, such as governmental appointment, the replication of the national balance of power at the local level, corporative elections and the like. In sum, the variegated ways in which women became local councillors and mayors under the different political regimes, and the way in which they performed, must be interpreted in light of the construction of citizenship in twentieth-century Spain.
This article pays tribute to Professors Juan Pablo Fusi and Octavio Ruiz-Manjón by taking as its starting point two of their early works: Política obrera en el País Vasco (1880-1923) y El Partido ...Republicano Radical: 1908-1936 respectively. This article draws heavily on both pioneering studies to analyse the incorporation of women into the Socialist Workers’ Party and the Radical Republican Party in early 20th century Bilbao. The article maintains that bringing women into the political arena was an integral part of the contested modernization of the two parties.
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