In the context of sustainable development and dual-carbon construction, to quantify the carbon storage and its spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of Guilin City and predict the carbon ...storage of Guilin City in 2035 under different future scenarios, this study set four future scenarios based on SDGs and the sustainable development plan of Guilin City: natural development, economic priority, ecological priority, and sustainable development. At the same time, FLUS and InVEST models and GeoDa 1.20and ArcGIS software were used to establish a coupling model of land use change and ecosystem carbon storage to simulate and predict the distribution and change of ecosystem carbon storage based on land use change in the future. The results showed that: (1) From 2005 to 2020, forest land was the main type of land use in Guilin, and cropland and impervious continued to expand. In 2035, the forest land under four different future scenarios will be an important transformation type; (2) From 2005 to 2020, the carbon storage in the northwest of Guilin was relatively high, and the carbon loss area was larger than the carbon increase area. The carbon storage in the ecological priority scenario in 2035 is the highest, reaching 874.76 × 106 t. The aboveground carbon storage (ACG) is the main carbon pool in Guilin. Most of the regions with high carbon storage are located in the northwest and northeast of Guilin. No matter what scenario, the carbon storage in the main urban area is maintained at a low level; (3) In 2035, the distribution of carbon storage in Guilin has a strong spatial positive correlation, with more hot spots than cold spots. The high-value areas of carbon storage are concentrated in the northwest and east, whereas the low-value areas are concentrated in the urban area of Guilin.
•The driest month's precipitation is the most important influencing factor.•The influence of human factors is significant.•SSP3-7.0 emission scenario has the highest suitability.•The combination of ...geographic detectors and MaxEnt models.
Pinus massoniana, an important timber, producing, and silvicultural species in southern China, exhibits high adaptability and wide distribution. This study utilizes the Maximum Entropy Model (MaxEnt), a species distribution model based on the theory of maximum entropy, to forecast the potential suitable distribution areas of P. massoniana in China under four climate change scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) for both present and future (2080) conditions. The research integrates and analyzes the effects of various environmental factors, including topography, soil, and population, on the distribution of P. massoniana. Additionally, a geographical detector is employed to assess the interaction between different environmental factors and their contribution to the variation in suitability zones.The findings indicate that the MaxEnt model accurately predicts the potential distribution areas of P. massoniana, with AUC values exceeding 0.94. Precipitation in the driest month (BIO14), population density (POP), and annual precipitation (BIO12) emerge as the main factors influencing the current distribution of P. massoniana. Notably, BIO14 has the greatest impact on the species' distribution (43%), followed by POP (32.7%). Furthermore, lower BIO14 values correspond to higher probabilities of pine distribution, while higher POP values correlate with increased pine distribution probabilities. The potential distribution of P. massoniana is primarily concentrated in southern China under current climatic conditions, encompassing a total suitable survival zone of 25.24 × 105 km2, accounting for 26.29% of China's total area. Among the regions, Guangxi exhibits the largest suitable area for survival, reaching 28.9 × 104 km2, implying that the environmental characteristics of Guangxi are conducive to P. massoniana's survival. Under future climate scenarios, the overall distribution pattern of the potential range of P. massoniana remains similar to the present one, with an increasing trend in area. Notably, the SSP3-7.0 emissions scenario shows the most significant increase in area, totaling 4.71 × 104 km2, suggesting that this particular scenario is more favorable for the distribution of P. massoniana. This study provides valuable scientific insights for the management, conservation, and rational site selection of P. massoniana.
In the operation and management of the company, major customers may affect a supplier firm's level of governance. The goal of our study is investigating whether a major customer acts as an important ...role in corporate governance in emerging markets and exposing the mechanism that how major customers affect corporate decision-making. There is a growing body of literature involving studies about the effect of customer concentration on firm performance of western countries. Few studies have recognized to what degree does customer concentration satisfy the sustainable development of supplier firm. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms, we found a nonlinear relationship between customer concentration and risk-taking, corporate policies and firm performance. Evidence shows that the effect of customer concentration in China resembles an inverted U-shaped curve and major customers are crucial in financial and investment policies. Our results help to provide a broader perspective on the role of major customers, giving a deep explanation about the role of customer concentration in corporate governance.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aims
The current study investigated the potential influence of
Enterobacter
sp. FM-1 on plant growth and the accumulation of Cd and Pb in plants growing in highly contaminated soils. Moreover, the ...potential mechanism by which
Enterobacter
sp. FM-1 helps vegetable species alleviate heavy metal (HM)-induced oxidative stress was investigated.
Methods
Each pot experiment involved a full factorial randomized design which included two types of soils, two vegetable species (
Brassica campestris
L. and
Ipomoea aquatic
F.) and four bacterium inoculation concentrations (control (0), 6.4 × 10
6
, 1.3 × 10
7
and 3.8 × 10
7
CFU g soil
− 1
).
Results
The results indicated that in both soils, while Cd and Pb accumulation caused oxidative stress in both vegetables, inoculation with FM-1 (3.8 × 10
7
CFU g soil
− 1
) promoted the height and weight of both plant species. FM-1 inoculation significantly increased the Chla, Chlb, t-Chl and carotenoid contents in both vegetables, which could help to alleviate the intracellular oxidative stress of vegetables caused by Cd and Pb. Additionally, FM-1 (3.8 × 10
7
CFU g soil
− 1
) inoculation significantly increased the CAT and POD activities in both vegetables (by 24.0%~88.0% and 17.4%~178.2%, respectively). Moreover, inoculation with FM-1 promoted the conversion of a large amount of GSH into PCs, and the PC content in both vegetables increased by 18.9%~22.1% and 14.3%~22.8%, respectively.
Conclusions
Our findings indicated that
Enterobacter
sp. FM-1 inoculation of soils co-contaminated with Cd and Pb helps activate the scavenging mechanism of these vegetable species to alleviate the oxidative toxicity stress caused by Cd and Pb.
In the present study, we characterized the plant growth-promoting traits of
Enterobacter
sp. FM-1 (FM-1) and investigated its ability to promote growth and increase IAA, P, and Fe concentrations as ...well as Cd and Pb accumulation in
Centella asiatica
L. (
C. asiatica
L.) in upstream area (UA) soil and downstream area (DA) soil that we collected from Siding mine. The results demonstrated that FM-1 secreted IAA, produced siderophores, and had P-solubilization ability even under Cd exposure. IAA secretion reached a maximum of 108.3 ± 1.3 mg L
−1
under Cd exposure at 25 mg L
−1
. Siderophore production reached a maximum of 0.94 ± 0.01 under Cd exposure at 50 mg L
−1
. Pot experiments indicated that FM-1 successfully colonized the roots of
C. asiatica
L. In both soils, inoculation with FM-1 decreased the pH in rhizosphere soil and increased the bioavailability of both Cd and Pb. In addition, inoculation with FM-1 increased the IAA, P, and Fe concentrations and simultaneously promoted both Cd and Pb accumulation in
C. asiatica
L. The Cd and Pb concentrations in leaves increased 1.73- and 1.07-fold in the UA soil and 1.25- and 1.11-fold in the DA soil, respectively. Thus, the Cd-resistant strain FM-1 presented excellent PGP traits and could facilitate Cd and Pb phytoremediation by
C. asiatica
L.
Microorganisms have a major influence on soil biogeochemical processes and vegetation establishment. However, their long-term succession patterns and short-term turnover are not well-understood in ...artificial forest ecosystems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of stand ages and seasons on soil bacterial community in a chronosequence of Chinese
Pinus massoniana
plantations, in 3, 19, and 58-year-old plots. Soil physicochemical properties were measured in three stand ages between two seasons (dry-rainy). The soil bacterial community composition was determined by 16S rRNA Illumina HiSeq sequencing. The results showed that soil bacterial community diversity and structure significantly differed among three stand ages, but was not different between two seasons. The diversity of soil bacterial community increased with an increase in stand age. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in the three stands. The soil bacterial community structure in all the stands was influenced by soil pH, available phosphorus content, and litter phosphorus content. With the accumulation of available phosphorus, the relative abundance of Acidobacteria decreased, while that of Proteobacteria increased. These shifts suggested that dominant microbial communities transitioned from oligotrophic to copiotrophic with increasing stand age. Extending rotation periods could increase soil bacterial diversity, and in turn help improving soil quality of
P. massoniana
plantations.
China has implemented a series of forestry law, policies, regulations, and afforestation projects since the 1970s. However, their impacts on the spatial and temporal patterns of forests have not been ...fully assessed yet. The lack of an accurate, high-resolution, and long-term forest disturbance and recovery dataset has impeded this assessment. Here we improved the forest loss and gain detections by integrating the LandTrendr change detection algorithm with the Random Forest (RF) machine-learning method and applied it to assess forest loss and gain patterns in the Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Guangxi Provinces of the subtropical vegetation in China. The accuracy evaluation indicated that our approach can adequately detect the spatial and temporal distribution patterns in forest gain and loss, with an overall accuracy of 93% and the Kappa coefficient of 0.89. The forest loss area was 8.30 × 104 km2 in the Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Guangxi Provinces during 1986–2019, accounting for 43.52% of total forest area in 1986, while the forest gain area was 20.25 × 104 km2, accounting for 106.19% of total forest area in 1986. Although the interannual variation patterns were similar among three provinces, the forest loss and gain area and the magnitude of change trends were significantly different. Guangxi has the largest forest loss and gain area and increasing trends, followed by Jiangxi, and the least in Zhejiang. The variations in annual forest loss and gain area can be mostly explained by the timelines of major forestry policies and regulations. Our study would provide an applicable method and data for assessing the impacts of forest disturbance events and forestry policies and regulations on the spatial and temporal patterns of forest loss and gain in China, and further contributing to regional and national forest carbon and greenhouse gases budget estimations.
When the market environment changes, we extend the self-exciting price impact model and further analysis of investors’ liquidation behaviour. It is assumed that the model is accompanied by an ...exponential decay factor when the temporary impact and its coefficient are linear and nonlinear. Using the optimal control method, we obtain that the optimal liquidation behaviours satisfy the second-order nonlinear ODEs with variable coefficients in the case of linear and nonlinear temporary impact. Next, we solve the ODEs and get the form of the investors’ optimal liquidation behaviour in four cases. Furthermore, we prove the decreasing properties of the optimal liquidation behaviour under the linear temporary impact. Through numerical simulation, we further explain the influence of the changed parameters ρ, a, b, x, and α on the investors’ liquidation strategy Xt in twelve scenarios. Some interesting properties have been found.
Land use–land cover (LULC) is an important feature for ecological environment research, land resource management and evaluation. Although global high-resolution LULC data sets are booming, their ...regional performances were still evaluated in limited regions. To demonstrate the local applicability of global LULC data products, six emerging LULC data products were evaluated and compared in Guangxi, China. The six products used are European Space Agency GlobCover (ESAGC), ESRI Land Use–Land Cover (ESRI–LULC), Finer Resolution Observation and Monitoring of Global Land Cover (FROM–GLC), the China Land Cover Dataset (CLCD), the Global Land Cover product with Fine Classification System at 30 m (GLC_FCS30) and GlobeLand30 (GLC30). Reference data were obtained from the local government statistical yearbook and high-resolution remote sensing images on Google Earth. The results showed that CLCD, ESRI–LULC and GLC30 were found to agree well with the forest reference data, with the highest correlation coefficient of 0.999. For the cropland areas, GLC30, CLCD and ESAGC agreed well with the reference data, and the highest correlation coefficient was 0.957. Combined with the comparison with the high-resolution images obtained by Google Earth, we finally concluded that ESAGC, CLCD and GLC30 can best represent the LULCs in Guangxi. Furthermore, the spatial consistency analysis showed that three or more products identified the same LULC type as high as 96.98% of the area. We suggest that majority voting might be applied to global LULC products to provide fused products with better performances on a regional or local scale to avoid the error caused by a single data product.
Currently, environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) has become an all-pervasive term in the industrial sector, owing to its significant impact on corporate decision-making. While most of ...the studies provide evidence that the ESG significantly improves a firm's performance and value in the long run, few studies quantitatively analyzed the linkage between ESG and total factor productivity (TFP). Using the data of Chinese-listed companies during 2010–2020, we found that there is a positive relationship between ESG performance and TFP. ESG also improves the corporate TFP by reducing the financial constraints and improving the innovation input. Our extended analysis revealed that this beneficial effect tends to be stronger for SOEs (state-owned enterprises) and industries with high pollution levels. This study also brought to light some implications for Chinese firms in relation to their ESG practices and sustainable development.
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