Sebaceous gland hyperplasia of the eyelids, known as adenomatoid or pseudoadenomatous hyperplasia, is a rare benign condition. Optimal management strategies for this specific type of eyelid tumor ...require further investigation.
The patient presented with a 21-year history of a progressively enlarged mass in the right lower eyelid. Previous treatments, including laser photocoagulation and surgical excision, have failed to prevent recurrence. The mass, characterized by a firm texture and low mobility, has raised concerns regarding malignancy. However, histopathological examination following surgical excision identified the mass as sebaceous gland hyperplasia. The patient's medical history was notable for benign gastrointestinal and intestinal polyps with no evidence of malignancy.
A final diagnosis of eyelid sebaceous gland hyperplasia was established after surgical excision and comprehensive histopathological analyses. The patient's successful recovery without recurrence over a three-month follow-up period post-surgery highlights the efficacy of the surgical approach and the use of intraoperative frozen section pathological examination.
Lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (LGACC) is characterized by a high rate of recurrence, perineural invasion, and propensity for distant metastasis, resulting in poor prognosis. This case ...report aimed to highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of LGACC, underscore the importance of resectioning the tumor as completely as possible for the first time, adhere to postoperative adjuvant therapy, and provide detailed insights into its surgical and diagnostic management that may not be extensively covered in large case series and meta-analyses.
A 34-year-old man presented with progressive left eye proptosis for 4 months. Initial evaluation and imaging led to a high suspicion of LGACC, which was confirmed after an eye-sparing excision of the left orbital tumor. The patient declined to undergo postoperative radiotherapy, which was recommended after the surgery. Thus, despite surgical intervention, the patient experienced tumor recurrence 3 months post-surgery, leading to orbital exenteration. Pathological examination confirmed the presence of poorly differentiated LGACC.
This time the patient underwent postoperative radiotherapy, as recommended. However, despite local control, the patient developed an intracranial metastasis within a year.
LGACC presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges owing to its insidious onset, lack of specific symptoms, and high potential for recurrence and metastasis. Thus, this case emphasizes the need for early diagnosis, aggressive treatment, and adherence to postoperative adjuvant therapy to improve patient outcomes. Future research should focus on understanding the pathogenesis of LGACC and on developing standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols to enhance patient prognosis and survival.
Lacrimal gland benign lymphoepithelial lesion (LGBLEL) is an IgG4-related disease of unknown etiology with a risk for malignant transformation. Estrogen is considered to be related to LGBLEL onset.
...Seventy-eight LGBLEL and 13 control clinical samples were collected and studied to determine the relationship between estrogen and its receptors and LGBLEL development.
The serological analysis revealed no significant differences in the levels of three estrogens be-tween the LGBLEL and control groups. However, immunohistochemical analyses indicated that the expression levels of ERβ and its downstream receptor RERG were relatively lower in LGBLEL samples than in control samples, with higher expression in the lacrimal gland and lower expression in the lymphocyte infiltration region. However, low expression of ERα was detected. The transcriptome sequence analysis revealed upregulated genes associated with LGBLEL enriched in lymphocyte proliferation and activation function; downregulated genes were enriched in epithelial and vascular proliferation functions. The key genes and gene networks were further analyzed. Interactions between B cells and epithelial cells were analyzed due to the identified involvement of leukocyte subsets and epithelial cells. B cell proliferation was found to potentially contribute to lacrimal gland apoptosis.
Therefore, the tissue-heterogeneous expression pattern of ERβ is potentially related to the clinical manifestations and progression of LGBLEL, although further investigations are required to confirm this finding.
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