Porous FeP@C networks are realized via a one-step calcination process, using ferric nitrate and phytic acid as the precursors of FeP along with thiourea and melamine as N, S precursors. Benefited ...from the cooperative hydrogen bonding of melamine and phytic acid, two dimensional (2D) frameworks embedded with FeP can be formed. This porous architecture largely favors the penetration of electrolyte and shortens the transfer length of Li
+
ions. Moreover, the conductive carbon on FeP can significantly alleviate the volume change upon cycling and boost the electronic conductivity. Owing to their unique build, the FeP@C networks exhibit competitive rate performance and cycling stability with a large reversible capacity of 293.0 mAh g
−1
at 4 A g
−1
after 1000 cycles. Even at the ultrahigh current density of 6 A g
−1
, there is still a large reversible capacity of 218.3 mAh g
−1
. Therefore, the lithium ion capacitors (LICs) are devised by selecting the conductive FeP@C networks as anode materials and porous carbon as cathode materials. As expected, the LIC indicates a high energy density of 91.4 Wh kg
−1
at the power density of 390 W kg
−1
.
BACKGROUND:Evidence regarding the effect of preoperative radiotherapy on anastomotic integrity remains conflicting in rectal cancer surgery. Prospective comparisons with appropriate controls are ...needed.
OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to assess the impact of preoperative radiotherapy on anastomotic leakage and stenosis after rectal cancer resection.
DESIGN:This was a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial (NCT01211210).
SETTINGS:Data were retrieved from the leading center of the trial, which is a tertiary hospital.
PATIENTS:The full analysis population of 318 patients was included.
INTERVENTIONS:Patients were randomly assigned to receive preoperative radiation (50 Gy per 25 fractions) and 5-fluorouracil infusion, alone (arm A) or combined with oxaliplatin (arm B), or preoperative chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin without radiation (arm C).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The rates of anastomotic leakage and stenosis were calculated for each treatment arm. Multivariate analysis was used to verify the effect of preoperative radiotherapy.
RESULTS:The treatment arms were comparable in terms of most baseline characteristics, but more diversions were used in the chemoradiotherapy arms. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 20.2% of patients in arm A, 23.6% of patients in arm B, and 8.5% of patients in arm C (p = 0.007). The corresponding rates of stenosis were 17.0%, 18.9%, and 6.8% (p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis confirmed the correlation between preoperative radiotherapy and clinical leakage (p = 0.02), which was associated with delayed stenosis (p < 0.001). For patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy, radiation proctitis was identified as an independent risk factor for clinical leakage (p = 0.01) and stenosis (p < 0.001).
LIMITATIONS:The main limitations were discrepancies in stoma creation and chemotherapy regimen among the treatment arms.
CONCLUSIONS:Preoperative radiotherapy increases the risk of anastomotic leakage and stenosis after rectal cancer resection. Clinical leakage independently contributes to the development of stenosis.
Herein, CuO/Cu
2
O heterostructured arrays were successfully realized by in situ sculpturing Cu foam based on the hydrothermal protocol. Owing to the state-of-the-art design, CuO/Cu
2
O nanosheet ...arrays are tightly and intimately grown on Cu substrate. The abundant holes formed by the unique three-dimensional construction of Cu foam and the porous CuO/Cu
2
O nanosheets are significantly beneficial to the infiltration of electrolyte and enhancement of the Na
+
diffusion efficiency. It is noted that CuO/Cu
2
O electrode shows superior areal capacity than that of the individual CuO and Cu
2
O electrodes. At the current density of 0.6 mA cm
−2
, there is a reversible capacity of 1.0 mAh cm
−2
(322.6 mAh g
−1
) for the CuO/Cu
2
O anode. Even at 2.0 mA cm
−2
, a reversible capacity of 0.56 mAh cm
−2
(180.6 mAh g
−1
) can be still obtained. The full sodium-ion battery demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 0.53 mAh cm
−2
(170.9 mAh g
−1
) in the initial cycle at 0.5 mA cm
−2
.
The coexistence of KRAS and PIK3CA mutations in cells implies potential synergistic hyperactivation of the Ras/MAPK and PI3K/Akt oncogenic pathways. Therefore, it is desirable to investigate the ...concomitant mutations of KRAS and PIK3CA in colorectal cancer (CRC) samples and whether the concomitant mutations are associated with a poor prognosis in CRC patients.
To investigate the clinicpathological characteristics and prognostic value of concomitant mutations of KRAS and PIK3CA in CRC samples.
In this study, a total of 655 CRC patients from the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were enrolled from January to December 2015. Sanger sequencing was applied to survey the mutational status of hotspot regions in the open reading frames (ORFs) of the KRAS and PIK3CA genes. Clinicpathological parameters were collected and analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model were applied to determine the correlation between the KRAS and PIK3CA mutation statuses and survival.
We found that KRAS and PIK3CA bi-mutations were significantly associated with aggressive clinicpathological features. Among the studied CRC patients, those with either KRAS mutations (P = 0.004) or KRAS and PIK3CA bi-mutations (P = 0.033) had poor overall survival (OS). In the multivariable analysis, KRAS mutations in exons 3 and 4 but not exon 2 with concomitant PIK3CA mutations were associated with a high risk of death (univariate HR = 8.05; 95% CI, 1.926–33.64, P = 0.004; multivariate HR = 10.505; 95% CI, 2.304–47.905, P = 0.002).
The concomitant mutation statuses of KRAS and PIK3CA should be considered when the prognostic value of gene mutations is consulted in CRC patients.
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•PEITC inhibits the invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells.•PEITC suppresses the EMT of colorectal cancer cells.•PEITC blocks the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and TGF-β1 ...induced EMT.•PEITC might serve as a novel therapeutic agent with potent anti-cancer effects.
Tumor metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), in which epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) plays a vital role. However, the exact mechanisms of this process remain largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) in CRC metastasis by regulating EMT.
Wound healing assays and Transwell matrix assays were used to evaluate the potential of PEITC to inhibit CRC cells invasion and migration in vitro. Western blotting, light microscopy and immunofluorescence assays were used to detect the occurrence of EMT. Luciferase activity assay, real time-PCR and western blotting were used to investigate TGF-β1/Smad signaling activity.
We observed that PEITC, an isothiocyanate compound from crucifer with chemopreventive potential, inhibited the invasion and migration of CRC cells. Moreover, we showed that PEITC regulated the EMT of CRC cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that PEITC blocked the activation of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway and significantly suppressed TGF-β1-induced EMT.
Our results suggested that PEITC plays a crucial role in inhibiting the invasion and migration of CRC cells by regulating TGF-β1-induced EMT. The results of the present study provide a theoretical basis for the use of PEITC to treat CRC.
Radiation proctopathy (RP) is characterized by inflammation of colorectal tissue and is a common complication of radiation therapy for pelvic malignancies with high incidence but lacking effective ...treatment. Here, we found that platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGF-C) and fibrosis markers were up-regulated in tissue samples from patients with RP and in rectal tissues after irradiation in a mouse model of RP. Genetic deletion of
in mice ameliorated RP-induced injuries. Genome-wide gene expression profiling and in vitro assays revealed that the promotive effect of PDGF-C in RP development was mediated by activation of PDGF receptors (PDGFRs) and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4, a proinflammatory chemokine regulated by transcription factor ETS variant transcription factor 1. Treatment with crenolanib, a selective inhibitor of PDGFRs, prevented or reduced RP in mice after irradiation. These results reveal that inhibition of PDGF-C signaling may have therapeutic value for the treatment of RP.
Background
Chronic radiation proctitis (CRP), a common complication after radiotherapy for pelvic malignancies, compromises patient quality of life. Vascular damage and aberrant angiogenesis in the ...mucosal layer are essential histological features, but changes to the submucosal layer are unclear. Thus, we evaluated the histological characteristics and distribution changes of key angiogenic factors in full-layered human CRP samples.
Methods
Thirty paraffin-embedded CRP and twenty-nine non-CRP tissues were used to evaluate histopathological changes. Immunohistochemistry with anti-CD34 antibody was performed to calculate microvascular density (MVD). Frozen tissues from eight CRP patients and five non-CRP controls were collected and analyzed by antibody array, which contained sixty human angiogenesis-related factors. Quality controls with positive and negative controls were performed during antibody array analysis. Two differentially expressed factors were confirmed by ELISA.
Results
CRP lesions showed vasculopathy, fibrosis, mucosal ulceration, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Human angiogenesis antibody array and ELISA confirmed the increased angiostatin in CRP lesions. Immunohistochemical staining showed dispersed distribution of angiostatin throughout the mucosal and submucosal layers in CRP lesions, while angiostatin accumulated within the vessel lumens in non-CRP tissues. MVD significantly decreased in the submucosal layer of CRP, suggesting a potential association with increased angiostatin.
Conclusions
Angiostatin increased and had a distinct distribution in CRP lesions. Compensatory telangiectasia in the mucosa, vessel stenosis, and reduced MVD might attenuate blood flow in the submucosa and contribute to CRP progression. Restoration of vascular functionality by promoting angiogenesis in the submucosal layer may help alleviate CRP in clinical practice.
Chronic radiation proctitis (CRP) with rectal ulcer is a common complication after pelvic malignancy radiation, and gradually deteriorating ulcers will result in severe complications such as fistula. ...The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of colostomy on ulcerative CRP and to identify associated influence factors with effectiveness of colostomy.
Between November 2011 to February 2019, 811 hospitalized patients were diagnosed with radiation-induced enteritis (RE) in Sun Yat-sen University Sixth Affiliated Hospital, among which 284 patients presented with rectal ulcer, and 61 ulcerative CRP patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed.
The overall effective rate of colostomy on ulcerative CRP was 49.2%, with a highest effective rate of 88.2% within 12 to 24 months after colostomy. 9 (31.1%) CRP patients with ulcers were cured after colostomy and 12 (19.67%) patients restored intestinal continuity, among which including 2 (3.3%) patients ever with rectovaginal fistula. 100% (55/55) patients with rectal bleeding and 91.4% (32/35) patients with anal pain were remarkably alleviated. Additionally, multivariable analysis showed the duration of stoma OR 1.211, 95% CI (1.060-1.382), P = 0.005 and albumin (ALB) level post-colostomy OR 1.437, 95% CI (1.102-1.875), P = 0.007 were two independent influence factors for the effectiveness of colostomy on the rectal ulcer of CRP patients.
Colostomy was an effective and safe procedure for treating rectal ulcer of CRP patients, and also a potential strategy for preventing and treating fistula. Duration of stoma for 12-24 months and higher ALB level could significantly improve the effectiveness of colostomy on ulcerative CRP patients.
Pelvic exenteration is often required for primary rectal cancer beyond total mesorectal excision (PRC-bTME) and locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC). Some patients with radical resection can ...achieve long-term survival, but they need to face risks, such as huge surgical trauma, serious perioperative complications, permanent loss of organ function and decline in quality of life. Preoperative evaluation of PRC-bTME and LRRC should emphasize multidisciplinary collaboration and develop individualized diagnosis and treatment strategies. The principles of function preservation and risk-benefit balance in surgery oncology should be followed, and R0 resection should be emphasized. Perioperative complications, surgical trauma and organ function loss should be minimized to achieve the best quality control and balance point. This consensus was formulated by the Colorectal Cancer Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Gastrointestinal Surgery Committee of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care. The draft was formed based on the summary of domestic and foreign research progress and expert experience. After discussion, review and modification by experts, an anonymous voting was conducted for each major opinion, and in-depth verification was carried out according to the principles of evidence-based medicine. Finally, the Chinese expert consensus on the pelvic exenteration with primary rectal cancer beyond total mesorectal excision planes and locally recurrent rectal cancer (2023 edition) was formed. This consensus mainly summarizes the indications and contraindications of pelvic exenteration (PE) for PRC-bTME and LRRC, preoperative diagnosis and evaluation, perioperative treatment, as well as the resection scope, surgical methods, reconstruction of related organs, safety and complications of PE, postoperative follow-up and other issues, in order to provide guidance for PE in patients with PRC-bTME and LRRC.
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