In the last decade, prophages that possess the ability of lysogenic transformation have become increasingly significant. Their transfer and subsequent activity in the host have a significant impact ...on the evolution of bacteria. Here, we investigate the role of prophage phi456 with high spontaneous induction in the bacterial genome of Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) DE456. The phage particles, phi456, that were released from DE456 were isolated, purified, and sequenced. Additionally, phage particles were no longer observed either during normal growth or induced by nalidixic acid in DE456Δphi456. This indicated that the released phage particles from DE456 were only phi456. We demonstrated that phi456 contributed to biofilm formation through spontaneous induction of the accompanying increase in the eDNA content. The survival ability of DE456Δphi456 was decreased in avian macrophage HD11 under oxidative stress and acidic conditions. This is likely due to a decrease in the transcription levels of three crucial genes-rpoS, katE, and oxyR-which are needed to help the bacteria adapt to and survive in adverse environments. It has been observed through animal experiments that the presence of phi456 in the DE456 genome enhances colonization ability in vivo. Additionally, the number of type I fimbriae in DE456Δphi456 was observed to be reduced under transmission electron microscopy when compared to the wild-type strain. The qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression levels of the subunit of I fimbriae (fimA) and its apical adhesin (fimH) were significantly lower in DE456Δphi456. Therefore, it can be concluded that phi456 plays a crucial role in helping bacterial hosts survive in unfavorable conditions and enhancing the colonization ability in DE456.
A fringe visibility enhanced fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer based ultrasonic sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for seismic physical model imaging. The sensor consists of a ...graded index multimode fiber collimator and a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) diaphragm to form a Fabry-Perot interferometer. Owing to the increase of the sensor's spectral sideband slope and the smaller Young's modulus of the PTFE diaphragm, a high response to both continuous and pulsed ultrasound with a high SNR of 42.92 dB in 300 kHz is achieved when the spectral sideband filter technique is used to interrogate the sensor. The ultrasonic reconstructed images can clearly differentiate the shape of models with a high resolution.
•Water-saving traits of ground cover rice production system (GCRPS) were evaluated.•Both physiological and non-physiological water consumptions were reduced by GCRPS.•Yield was enhanced in a GCRPS ...even as transpiration was reduced.•Most substantial for improved input WUE by GCRPS was decreased deep drainage.
The ground cover rice production system (GCRPS) offers a potentially water-saving alternative to the traditional paddy rice production system (TPRPS) by furrow irrigating mulched soil beds and maintaining soils under predominately unsaturated conditions. The guiding hypothesis of this study was that a GCRPS would decrease both physiological and non-physiological water consumption of rice compared to a TPRPS while either maintaining or enhancing production. This was tested in a two-year field experiment with three treatments (TPRPS, GCRPSsat keeping root zone average soil water content near saturated, and GCRPS80% keeping root zone average soil water content as 80–100% of field water capacity) and a greenhouse experiment with four treatments (TPRPS, GCRPSsat, GCRPSfwc keeping root zone average soil water content close to field water capacity, and GCRPS80%). The water-saving characteristics of GCRPS were analyzed as a function of the measured soil water conditions, plant parameters regarding growth and production, and water input and consumption. In the field experiment, significant reduction in both physiological and non-physiological water consumption under GCRPS lead to savings in irrigation water of ∼61–84% and reduction in total input water of ∼35–47%. Compared to TPRPS, deep drainage was reduced ∼72–88%, evaporation was lessened ∼83–89% and transpiration was limited ∼6–10% under GCRPS. In addition to saving water, plant growth and grain yield were enhanced under GCRPS due to increased soil temperature in the root zone. Therefore, water use efficiencies (WUEs), based on transpiration, irrigation and total input water, were respectively improved as much as 27%, 609% and 110% under GCRPS. Increased yield attributed to up to ∼19%, decreased deep drainage accounted for ∼75%, decreased evaporation accounted for ∼14% and reduced transpiration for ∼5% of the enhancement in WUE of input water under GCRPS, while increased runoff and water storage had negative influence on WUE (−7.5 and −3.7%, respectively) for GCRPS compared to TPRPS. The greenhouse experiment validated the results obtained in the field by simplifying the non-physiological water consumption processes, and thus confirming the relative importance of physiological processes and increased WUE under GCRPS.
Si-Wu-Tang (SWT) has become a common basic prescription for supplementing blood and regulating menstruation, and enjoys the reputation of “the first prescription in gynecology”. It is often reported ...in the treatment of premature ovarian failure (POF). However, knowledge of its specific mechanism is still limited.
Aim of the study: This study aimed to identify the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of SWT on POF.
After confirming the therapeutic effect of SWT on POF mice induced by cyclophosphamide, we further clarified the promoting effect of SWT on ovarian follicle development by detecting the expression of key factors related to follicle development in the ovary in different ways.Then, network pharmacology and gene expression profiling of POF from the GEO database were used to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Molecular biology and molecular docking analysis were applied for final mechanism verification.
Our results showed that SWT increased body weight, ovarian index, reversed disordered serum hormone levels, and menstrual cycle in POF mice. After SWT treatment, the number of follicles at all levels in mice with POF also recovered. Using molecular biology techniques, it was proven that SWT can improve follicle development and angiogenesis in the microenvironment. The network pharmacology and gene expression profiling from the GEO database indicated that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may be the reason why SWT improves ovarian function in mice with POF. Subsequently, further Western blot and immunoprecipitation indicated that SWT indeed inhibited the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in mice with POF. In addition, this conclusion was further confirmed by molecular docking experiments.
SWT can improve ovarian function in POF mice induced by cyclophosphamide, and its mechanism is related to the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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•SWT inhibits CTX-induced hyperactivation of the follicular pool.•SWT promotes normal development of surviving follicles.•SWT protects the number of follicles by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
There are trillions of microbiota in our intestinal tract, and they play a significant role in health and disease
interacting with the host in metabolic, immune, neural, and endocrine pathways. Over ...the past decades, numerous studies have been published in the field of gut microbiome and disease. Although there are narrative reviews of gut microbiome and certain diseases, the whole field is lack of systematic and quantitative analysis. Therefore, we outline research status of the gut microbiome and disease, and present insights into developments and characteristics of this field to provide a holistic grasp and future research directions.
An advanced search was carried out in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), basing on the term "gut microbiome" and its synonyms. The current status and developing trends of this scientific domain were evaluated by bibliometric methodology. CiteSpace was used to perform collaboration network analysis, co-citation analysis and citation burst detection.
A total of 29,870 articles and 13,311 reviews were retrieved from the database, which involve 42,900 keywords, 176 countries/regions, 19,065 institutions, 147,225 authors and 4,251 journals. The gut microbiome and disease research is active and has received increasing attention. Co-cited reference analysis revealed the landmark articles in the field. The United States had the largest number of publications and close cooperation with other countries. The current research mainly focuses on gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), while extra-intestinal diseases are also rising, such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease. Omics technologies, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and metabolites linked to mechanism would be more concerned in the future.
The gut microbiome and disease has been a booming field of research, and the trend is expected to continue. Overall, this research field shows a multitude of challenges and great opportunities.
Loran-C is the most essential backup and supplementary system for the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). Continuous wave interference (CWI) is one of the main interferences in the Loran-C ...system, which will cause errors in the measurement of the time of arrival, thereby affecting positioning performance. The traditional adaptive notch filter method needs to know the frequency of CWI when removing it, and the number is limited. This paper presents a method based on sparseness to suppress the CWI in the Loran-C signal. According to the different morphological characteristics of the Loran-C signal and the CWI, we construct dictionaries suitable for the two components, respectively. We use the tunable Q-factor wavelet transform and the discrete cosine transform to make the two components obtain a good sparse representation in their respective dictionaries. Then, the two components are separated using the morphological component analysis theory. We illustrate this method using both synthetic data and actual data. A huge advantage of the proposed method is that there is no need to know the frequencies of the CWI for it can better cope with frequency changes of the CWI in the actual environments. Compared with the adaptive notch filter method, the results of the proposed method show that our approach is more effective and convenient.
The Sumochaganaobao (Sucha) deposit in Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia is considered to be the largest single fluorite deposit known in the world, and apart from a small amount of localized ...pyritization, no metal mineralization has been found for many years. In recent years larger scale Pb–Zn polymetallic veins have been uncovered which indicates the potential for large scale metal mineralization in this deposit in addition to fluorite ore. Laser-ablation inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (LA-ICPMS) technique is used to investigate the distribution and substitution of trace elements in sphalerite and pyrite. The confirming results show that sphalerite is mainly rich in Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, Ni, Cu, In and poor in Sb and Mo. Pyrite is mainly rich in Ni, As, Sb, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Sn, Pb, Tl, Se and poor in Cd, Au, Ga, In, Bi. Iron, Mn, Cd, In, Co, Ni, Cr, Bi and Cu in sphalerite and Ni, As, Sb, Mn, Co, Cu, Ni, As, Pb, Tl, and Se in pyrite are generally lattice-bounded, while Pb and Cd present both in solid solution and/or discrete micro/nano-inclusions. The elemental contents of Fe, Mn and In and elemental ratios of Ga/In, Zn/Cd and In/Ge illustrate the trace elemental characteristics of medium temperature sphalerite. The trace elements in pyrite are diverse along with both relatively high-temperature elements (e.g. Ni, Co, Sn, Cu, etc.) and relatively low-temperature elements (e.g. As, Sb, Pb, etc.). The Co/Ni ratios indicate that the pyrite formed under a low-temperature condition. The crystallisation from sphalerite to pyrite may have undergone a relatively rapid cooling process from medium to low temperature. The characteristics of sphalerite and trace elements indicate that the genesis of this deposit is closest to that of SEDEX type deposit. Considering the marine sedimentation or marine volcanic eruption, jasperite development, clastic rock hosting, layered ore-body, and the geochemical characteristics of trace elements of this deposit, the newly discovered Pb–Zn vein should belong to the SEDEX type.
•The Pb–Zn polymetallic veins were found firstly in the world known fluorite deposit.•The concentrations of trace elements were detected on LA-ICPMS technique firstly in this deposit.•The mineralization temperature and ore genesis of lead-zinc vein were constrained.
The subfamily Gobioninae is one of the most diverse fish groups within Cyprinidae. Their taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships are not completely resolved. In this study, the complete mitochondrial ...genomes (mitogenome) of four Gobioninae species (
,
,
and
) were sequenced and compared. The mitogenomes of four species ranges from 16603 bp to 16609 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a control region. Most PCGs had significant codon usage bias. Except for the tRNA
(GCT), all the nucleotide substitutions of tRNA loops higher than the stems could fold into a stable secondary structure. The nucleotide compositions of Gobioninae mitogenome were biased toward A/T, and NAD4 was subjected to low purification selection and had a faster evolution rate among 13 PCGs. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses showed the consistent results. The four sequenced species clustered together with their congener species. However, more samples and mitogenome data are needed to untangle the phylogenetic relationships among genera
,
,
,
and
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a common female reproductive disorder and characterized by menopause, increased gonadotropin levels and estrogen deficiency before the age of 40 years old. The ...etiologies and pathogenesis of POF are not fully clear. At present, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the main treatment options for POF. It helps to ameliorate perimenopausal symptoms and related health risks, but can't restore ovarian function and fertility fundamentally. With the development of regenerative medicine, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have shown great potential for the recovery of ovarian function and fertility based on the advantages of abundant sources, high capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, low immunogenicity and less ethical considerations. This systematic review aims to summarize the possible therapeutic mechanisms of BMSCs for POF. A detailed search strategy of preclinical studies and clinical trials on BMSCs and POF was performed on PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Embase database. A total of 21 studies were included in this review. Although the standardization of BMSCs need more explorations, there is no doubt that BMSCs transplantation may represent a prospective therapy for POF. It is hope to provide a theoretical basis for further research and treatment for POF.
As a result of global climate change and urban development, the interaction between urban form and carbon emissions has become a frontier issue and a key area of carbon emission research. This paper ...presents a scientometric analysis of 2439 academic publications between 2002 and 2021 on urban form and carbon emissions to explore the current state of global research and future development potential. Citespace and VOSviewer were the primary analysis tools. The results showed the following: (1) The number of articles published on urban form and carbon emission research shows an increasing trend, especially after 2012. (2) Scientific research institutions and authors in developed countries paid attention sooner to the urban ecological environment. With the deepening of economic globalization, developing countries began to pay more attention to the urban environment. (3) Through an analysis of keyword clusters, timelines, and stacked area charts, the development of the urban form and carbon emissions can be divided into the following three stages. The first is the budding stage, which is characterized by preliminary research on the atmospheric environmental impact factors. The second stage is the development stage, with urban areas becoming the leading research object of carbon theory. The third stage is the mature stage, which is characterized by an emphasis on the optimization of carbon emissions. (4) Finally, the influence of urban form on carbon emissions includes four main aspects: land use, built environment, transportation networks, and development patterns.
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