As a non-invasive medical imaging scanning device, ultrasound has greatly increased the efficiency and accuracy of medical diagnosis. In recent years, portable ultrasound is being more widely used ...for its convenience and lower cost. Patients and physicians can receive the scanned images on their mobile phones at any time via a wireless network with low latency. However, it is difficult for portable ultrasound devices to capture images with the same quality as standard hospital ultrasound image acquisition systems. Usually, the images captured by portable ultrasound equipment have considerable noise. This noise undoubtedly affects the diagnosis of the physician. It is imperative to develop methods to remove the noise while preserving important information in the image. For this reason, we propose a novel denoising neural network model, called Feature-guided Denoising Convolutional Neural Network (FDCNN), to remove noise while retaining important feature information. In order to achieve high-quality denoising results, we employ a hierarchical denoising framework driven by a feature masking layer for medical images. Furthermore, we propose a feature extraction algorithm based on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for medical images. Experimental results show that our medical image feature extraction method outperforms previous methods. Combined with the new denoising neural network architecture, portable ultrasound devices can now achieve better diagnostic performance.
Cases of foodborne doping are frequently reported in sports events and can cause severe consequences for athletes. The foodborne doping can be divided into natural endogenous and artificially added ...foods according to the sources, including anabolic agents, stimulants, diuretics, β-blockers, β2 agonists and others. In order to control foodborne doping, chromatographic technique, immunoassay, nuclear magnetic resonance, biosensor technology, pyrolytic spectroscopy, comprehensive analysis and electrochemical analysis have usually used as analytical and inspection strategies. Meanwhile, the legislation of anti-doping, the improvement of testing standard and technology, and the prevention and control of food safety, as well as the improvement of risk perception of athletes are highly necessary for achieving the effective risk control and supervision of foodborne doping, which will be beneficial for athletes, doctors and administrators to avoid the risks of foodborne doping test and reduce foodborne doping risks for the health of athletes.
Figure legend: Measures of risk control and supervision of foodborne doping Display omitted
Falling is an important public health issue, and predicting the fall risk can reduce the incidence of injury events in the elderly. However, most of the existing studies may have additional human and ...financial costs for community workers and doctors. Therefore, it is socially important to identify elderly people who are at high fall risk through a reasonable and cost-effective method. We evaluated the potential of multifractal, machine learning algorithms to identify the elderly at high fall risk. We developed a 42-point calibration model of the human body and recorded the three-dimensional coordinate datasets. The stability of the motion trajectory is calculated by the multifractal algorithm and used as an input dimension to compare the performance of the six classifiers. The results showed that the instability of the faller group was significantly greater than that of the no-faller group in the male and female cohorts (p < 0.005), and the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree classifier showed the best performance. The findings could help elderly people at high fall risk to identify individualized risk factors and facilitate tailored fall interventions.
The aging process may lead to the degradation of lower extremity function in the elderly population, which can restrict their daily quality of life and gradually increase the fall risk. We aimed to ...determine whether objective measures of physical function could predict subsequent falls. Ground reaction force (GRF) data, which was quantified by sample entropy, was collected by foot force sensors. Thirty eight subjects (23 fallers and 15 non-fallers) participated in functional movement tests, including walking and sit-to-stand (STS). A feature selection algorithm was used to select relevant features to classify the elderly into two groups: at risk and not at risk of falling down, for three KNN-based classifiers: local mean-based k-nearest neighbor (LMKNN), pseudo nearest neighbor (PNN), local mean pseudo nearest neighbor (LMPNN) classification. We compared classification performances, and achieved the best results with LMPNN, with sensitivity, specificity and accuracy all 100%. Moreover, a subset of GRFs was significantly different between the two groups via Wilcoxon rank sum test, which is compatible with the classification results. This method could potentially be used by non-experts to monitor balance and the risk of falling down in the elderly population.
Visible light communication (VLC) is a promising technology for next-generation high-speed optical wireless data links. Among various transmitters, GaN-based superluminescent diodes (SLDs) show ...interesting characteristics, including a large modulation bandwidth, droop free and low speckle noise, which makes them attractive for VLC applications. In this work, we design and fabricate a blue-emitting SLD utilizing tilted facet configuration. Using SLD as the light source, a VLC system is experimentally demonstrated. A record data rate of 4.57 gigabit per second (Gbps) is achieved with adaptive bit-loading discrete multiple tone (DMT) modulation, while the highest modulation format reaches 256 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The corresponding bit error rate (BER) is ~3.5 × 10−3, which is below the forward error correction (FEC) threshold of 3.8 × 10−3.
The introduction of visible light communication (VLC) technology could increase the capacity of existing wireless communication systems towards 6G networks. In practice, VLC can make good use of ...lighting system infrastructures to transmit data using light fidelity (Li-Fi). The use of semiconductor light sources, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) are essential to VLC technology because these devices are energy-efficient and have long lifespans. To achieve high-speed VLC links, various technologies have been utilized, including injection locking. Optical injection locking (OIL) is an optical frequency and phase synchronization technique that has been implemented in semiconductor laser systems for performance enhancement. High-performance optoelectronic devices with narrow linewidth, wide tunable emission, large modulation bandwidth and high data transmission rates are desired for advanced VLC. Thus, the features of OIL could be promising for building high-performance VLC systems. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the implementation of the injection-locking technique in optical communication systems. The enhancement of characteristics through OIL is elucidated. The applications of OIL in VLC systems are discussed. The prospects of OIL for future VLC systems are evaluated.
To evaluate the prevalence of age-related maculopathy (ARM) in adult Chinese living in rural or urban regions of mainland China.
Population-based prevalence study.
The study included 4439 subjects ...(aged 40 or more years) out of 5324 subjects invited to participate (response rate 83.4%). It was held in rural and urban regions of Greater Beijing. The participants underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination including fundus photography. All fundus photographs were graded by the Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System.
Fundus photographs were available for 4376 (98.6%) subjects. Early ARM was present in 122 (1.4%) of 8655 (95% confidence interval CI 1.16% to 1.66%) eyes or 63 (1.4%) of 4376 (95% CI 1.09% to 1.79%) subjects, late ARM in 12 (0.14%) of 8655 (95% CI 0.06% to 0.22%) eyes or seven (0.2%) of 4376 (95% CI 0.04% to 0.28%) subjects, and exudative ARM as part of late ARM in seven (0.1%) of 8655 (95% CI 0.02% to 0.14%) eyes or six (0.1%) of 4376 (95% CI 0.03% to 0.25%) subjects. The prevalence of early ARM, late ARM, and exudative ARM, respectively, increased from 0.61%, 0.07%, and 0.07% in the 40-to-44-year age group, to 1.66%, 0.26%, and 0.26% in the 55-to-59-year group, and to 2.99%, 0.90%, and 0.60% in the group aged 75 years and older. ARM was causative for visual impairment (best-corrected visual acuity in the better eye, <20/60 and ≥20/400) or blindness (visual acuity <20/400) in one subject (0.023%).
Visual impairment due to ARM was relatively uncommon in the adult Chinese population in rural and urban regions.
A novel S,N-rich MOF with adenine and 4,4′-thiodiphenol as organic ligands was synthesized via the one-step solvothermal method, and used for gold recovery. The pH impact, adsorption kinetics, ...isotherms, thermodynamics, selectivity, and reusability were investigated accordingly. The adsorption and desorption mechanism were also explored comprehensively. The electronic attraction, coordination, and in situ redox account for the Au(III) adsorption. The Au(III) adsorption is affected strongly by the pH of solutions, and best at pH of 2.57. The MOF exhibits exceptional adsorption capacity as high as 3680 mg/g at 55 °C, fast kinetics with 8 min for 9.6 mg/L Au(III), and excellent selectivity for gold ion in real e-waste leachates. The adsorption process of gold on the adsorbent is endothermic and spontaneous, and influenced visibly by temperature. The adsorption ratio still maintained 99% after seven adsorption-desorption cycles. The column adsorption experiments show that the MOF has outstanding selectivity for Au(III) with 100% of removal efficiency in a complex solution containing Au, Ni, Cu, Cd, Co, and Zn ions. A glorious adsorption with a breakthrough time of 532 mins was obtained for the breakthrough curve. This study not only provides an efficient adsorbent for gold recovery, but also guidance for designing new materials.
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•A novel S,N-rich MOF was firstly prepared and used for Au(III) recovery.•The S,N-rich MOF shows excellent selectivity, fast kinetics and good reusability.•The MOF exhibits ultrahigh adsorption capacity for Au(III) with 3680 mg/g.•The applications of the MOF in real e-waste and column adsorption were evaluated.•The adsorption and desorption mechanism were studied comprehensively.
Background
Pedigree data (family history) are indispensable for genetics studies and the assessment of individuals' disease susceptibility. With the popularity of genetics testing, the collection of ...pedigree data is becoming more common. However, it can be time-consuming, laborious, and tedious for clinicians to investigate all pedigree data for each patient. A self-service robot could inquire about patients' family history in place of professional clinicians or genetic counselors.
Objective
The aim of this study was to develop a mobile-based and self-service tool to collect and visualize pedigree data, not only for professionals but also for those who know little about genetics.
Methods
There are 4 main aspects in the iPed construction, including interface building, data processing, data storage, and data visualization. The user interface was built using HTML, JavaScript libraries, and Cascading Style Sheets (version 3; Daniel Eden). Processing of the submitted data is carried out by PHP programming language. MySQL is used to document and manage the pedigree data. PHP calls the R script to accomplish the visualization.
Results
iPed is freely available to all users through the iPed website. No software is required to be installed, no pedigree files need to be prepared, and no knowledge of genetics or programs is required. The users can easily complete their pedigree data collection and visualization on their own and through a dialogue with iPed. Meanwhile, iPed provides a database that stores all users’ information. Therefore, when the users need to construct new pedigree trees for other genetic traits or modify the pedigree trees that have already been created, unnecessary duplication of operations can be avoided.
Conclusions
iPed is a mobile-based and self-service tool that could be used by both professionals and nonprofessionals at any time and from any place. It reduces the amount of time required to collect, manage, and visualize pedigree data.
The efficient enrichment and selection of Au are crucial for gold recovery. The adsorption technology is considered to have potential due to the advantages of operation simplicity and green ...processability. Nevertheless, the poor Au selectivity at low concentrations in complex solutions limits the further application of the adsorption technology. In this work, a novel Cr-based MOF adsorbent was successfully synthesized using 1,2,4-triazole and 4-aminobenzoic acid as ligands. Benefitting from the surface positive charge and extensive chelation and reduction sites, the novel Cr-based MOF exhibited a total adsorption capacity of up to 357 mg/g and excellent adsorption selectivity toward Au(III) in the complex metal mixed solutions, such as simulated sewage ash waste liquid and actual e-waste leachate. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics were discussed in depth for investigating the adsorption mechanisms of the MOF. The PXRD and XPS analyses reveal that the adsorption process involves complexation, redox, and electrostatic interactions. We believe that this study of novel Cr-based MOF adsorbents for efficient Au adsorption is meaningful for further application in the gold recovery technology from e-waste.
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