To examine the association of anesthesiologist sex on postoperative outcomes.
Differences in patient postoperative outcomes exist, depending on whether the primary surgeon is male or female, with ...better outcomes seen among patients treated by female surgeons. Whether the intraoperative anesthesiologist's sex is associated with differential postoperative patient outcomes is unknown.
We performed a population-based, retrospective cohort study among adult patients undergoing one of 25 common elective or emergent surgical procedures from 2007 to 2019 in Ontario, Canada. We assessed the association between the sex of the intraoperative anesthesiologist and the primary end point of the adverse postoperative outcome, defined as death, readmission, or complication within 30 days after surgery, using generalized estimating equations.
Among 1,165,711 patients treated by 3006 surgeons and 1477 anesthesiologists, 311,822 (26.7%) received care from a female anesthesiologist and 853,889 (73.3%) from a male anesthesiologist. Overall, 10.8% of patients experienced one or more adverse postoperative outcomes, of whom 1.1% died. Multivariable adjusted rates of the composite primary end point were higher among patients treated by male anesthesiologists (10.6%) compared with female anesthesiologists (10.4%; adjusted odds ratio 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.05, P =0.048).
We demonstrated a significant association between sex of the intraoperative anesthesiologist and patient short-term outcomes after surgery in a large cohort study. This study supports the growing literature of improved patient outcomes among female practitioners. The underlying mechanisms of why outcomes differ between male and female physicians remain elusive and require further in-depth study.
Summary
Success of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817) stocking programmes has rarely been evaluated. As of the early 1990s, Lake Sturgeon populations were nearly extirpated from ...several sections of the upper Nelson River, Manitoba, at least in part due to historical overexploitation. Between 1994 and 2011, 20 885 fingerlings (age‐0, untagged) and 1117 yearlings (age‐1, 1014 PIT tagged) were stocked into an upper Nelson River reach. In fall 2012, a Lake Sturgeon population inventory using gill nets assessed post‐release survival/retention of stocked fish. Of 91 unique Lake Sturgeon captured, 67 (74%) possessed PIT tags, signifying they were stocked at age‐1. Relative recruitment success was conservatively estimated to be 17.7 times greater for age‐1 vs age‐0 stocked fish based only on PIT tag recapture data. However, including 19 additional fish identified as stocked at age‐1 based on atypical ‘first’ annuli patterns, the revised relative recruitment success rate was 130 times greater for age‐1 vs age‐0. An interpreted consensus ageing method produced correct age assignment 97% of the time for juveniles of known age, despite complications caused by overwinter growth in the hatchery.
Intercellular junctions have long been considered the main sites through which adherent neutrophils (PMNs) penetrate the endothelium. Tight junctions (TJs; zonula occludens) are the most apical ...component of the intercellular cleft and they form circumferential belt-like regions of intimate contact between adjacent endothelial cells. Whether PMN transmigration involves disruption of the TJ complex is unknown. We report here that endothelial TJs appear to remain intact during PMN adhesion and transmigration. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers, a commonly used model for studying leukocyte trafficking, were cultured in astrocyte-conditioned medium to enhance TJ expression. Immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analysis showed that activated PMN adhesion to resting monolayers or PMN migration across interleukin-1-treated monolayers does not result in widespread proteolytic loss of TJ proteins (ZO-1, ZO-2, and occludin) from endothelial borders. Ultrastructurally, TJs appear intact during and immediately following PMN transendothelial migration. Similarly, transendothelial electrical resistance is unaffected by PMN adhesion and migration. Previously, we showed that TJs are inherently discontinuous at tricellular corners where the borders of three endothelial cells meet and PMNs migrate preferentially at tricellular corners. Collectively, these results suggest that PMN migration at tricellular corners preserves the barrier properties of the endothelium and does not involve widespread disruption of endothelial TJs.
Citing the capacity of anadromous sturgeon species to undertake lengthy spawning migrations, Auer (1996) hypothesized that a minimum of 250–300 km of barrier‐free lake and river habitat might be ...required to support self‐sustaining populations of Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. Twenty years later, the biological understanding of this potamodromous species has improved considerably, but there has been minimal effort to reconcile the barrier‐free hypothesis with the persistence of Lake Sturgeon populations in impounded habitats and improve the understanding of what constitutes a functional population‐level habitat unit for this species of conservation concern. Herein, POPAN mark–recapture models and sequential length‐frequency histograms were used to examine contemporary Lake Sturgeon abundance and population trajectories in three small reaches (230, 50, and 10 river kilometers rkm) of the Nelson and Winnipeg rivers (Manitoba), developed for hydroelectric power generation. Approximately two decades after harvest closures, results indicate that population recovery is occurring in all three reaches examined. Mechanisms other than in situ reproduction or recruitment (i.e., stocking and immigration) for increasing abundance are confidently discounted. Based on these results and other observations of contemporary persistence of Lake Sturgeon populations in impounded environments as well as recent genetic observations indicative of historical population structuring along the flow axes of naturally fragmented Boreal Shield rivers, it is contended that the barrier‐free hypothesis should no longer be cited as a “rule of thumb” with regard to the habitat quantity required to support self‐sustaining Lake Sturgeon populations. Rather, the concept of an uninterrupted “spawn–drift–settle–establish” habitat sequence as the cornerstone of a functional population‐level habitat unit may have broader relevance to species recovery initiatives and management. Given appropriate geomorphologic and hydraulic conditions, Lake Sturgeon populations can thrive—and in Boreal Shield rivers likely have for thousands of years—in lake, river, or impoundment sections as small as 10 rkm.
Two photo-neutron sources, Y 88 Be9 and Sb124 Be9 , have been used to investigate the ionization yield of nuclear recoils in the CDMSlite germanium detectors by the SuperCDMS collaboration. In this ...study, we evaluate the yield for nuclear recoil energies between 1 and 7 keV at a temperature of ~ 50 mK . We use a geant4 simulation to model the neutron spectrum assuming a charge yield model that is a generalization of the standard Lindhard model and consists of two energy dependent parameters. We perform a likelihood analysis using the simulated neutron spectrum, modeled background, and experimental data to obtain the best fit values of the yield model. The ionization yield between recoil energies of 1 and 7 keV is shown to be significantly lower than predicted by the standard Lindhard model for germanium. There is a general lack of agreement among different experiments using a variety of techniques studying the low energy range of the nuclear recoil yield, which is most critical for interpretation of direct dark matter searches. This suggests complexity in the physical process that many direct detection experiments use to model their primary signal detection mechanism and highlights the need for further studies to clarify underlying systematic effects that have not been well understood up to this point.
The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search low ionization threshold experiment (CDMSlite) searches for interactions between dark matter particles and germanium nuclei in cryogenic detectors. The experiment has ...achieved a low energy threshold with improved sensitivity to low-mass (<10 GeV/c2) dark matter particles. We present an analysis of the final CDMSlite dataset, taken with a different detector than was used for the two previous CDMSlite datasets. This analysis includes a data "salting" method to protect against bias, improved noise discrimination, background modeling, and the use of profile likelihood methods to search for a dark matter signal in the presence of backgrounds. We achieve an energy threshold of 70 eV and significantly improve the sensitivity for dark matter particles with masses between 2.5 and 10 GeV/c2 compared to previous analyses. We set an upper limit on the dark matter-nucleon scattering cross section in germanium of 5.4×10-42 cm2 at 5 GeV/c2, a factor of ~2.5 improvement over the previous CDMSlite result.
We describe a high-throughput computing system for running jobs on public and private computing clouds using the HTCondor job scheduler and the cloudscheduler VM provisioning service. The distributed ...cloud computing system is designed to simultaneously use dedicated and opportunistic cloud resources at local and remote locations. It has been used for large-scale production particle physics workloads for many years using thousands of cores on three continents. A decade after its initial design and implementation, cloudscheduler has been modernized to take advantage of new software designs, improved operating system capabilities and support packages. The updated cloudscheduler is more resilient and scalable, with expanded capabilities. We present an overview of the original design and then describe the new version of the distributed compute cloud system. We conclude with a review of the current status and future plans.
Nuclear-recoil energy scale in CDMS II silicon dark-matter detectors Agnese, R.; Anderson, A. J.; Aramaki, T. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
10/2018, Letnik:
905, Številka:
C
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment aims to detect dark matter particles that elastically scatter from nuclei in semiconductor detectors. The resulting nuclear-recoil energy ...depositions are detected by ionization and phonon sensors. Neutrons produce a similar spectrum of low-energy nuclear recoils in such detectors, while most other backgrounds produce electron recoils. The absolute energy scale for nuclear recoils is necessary to interpret results correctly. The energy scale can be determined in CDMS II silicon detectors using neutrons incident from a broad-spectrum 252Cf source, taking advantage of a prominent resonance in the neutron elastic scattering cross section of silicon at a recoil (neutron) energy near 20 (182) keV. Results indicate that the phonon collection efficiency for nuclear recoils is 4.8+0.7-0.9% lower than for electron recoils of the same energy. Comparisons of the ionization signals for nuclear recoils to those measured previously by other groups at higher electric fields indicate that the ionization collection efficiency for CDMS II silicon detectors operated at ~4 V/cm is consistent with 100% for nuclear recoils below 20 keV and gradually decreases for larger energies to ~75% at 100 keV. The impact of these measurements on previously published CDMS II silicon results is small.
Nuclear-recoil energy scale in CDMS II silicon dark-matter detectors Agnese, R.; Anderson, A. J.; Aramaki, T. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
07/2018, Letnik:
905, Številka:
C
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment aims to detect dark matter particles that elastically scatter from nuclei in semiconductor detectors. In this paper, the resulting nuclear-recoil ...energy depositions are detected by ionization and phonon sensors. Neutrons produce a similar spectrum of low-energy nuclear recoils in such detectors, while most other backgrounds produce electron recoils. The absolute energy scale for nuclear recoils is necessary to interpret results correctly. The energy scale can be determined in CDMS II silicon detectors using neutrons incident from a broad-spectrum 252 Cf source, taking advantage of a prominent resonance in the neutron elastic scattering cross section of silicon at a recoil (neutron) energy near 20 (182) keV. Results indicate that the phonon collection efficiency for nuclear recoils is 4 . 8 - 0 . 9 + 0 . 7 % lower than for electron recoils of the same energy. Comparisons of the ionization signals for nuclear recoils to those measured previously by other groups at higher electric fields indicate that the ionization collection efficiency for CDMS II silicon detectors operated at ~ 4 V/cm is consistent with 100% for nuclear recoils below 20 keV and gradually decreases for larger energies to ~ 75% at 100 keV. Finally, the impact of these measurements on previously published CDMS II silicon results is small.
Nuclear-recoil energy scale in CDMS II silicon dark-matter detectors Agnese, R.; Anderson, A. J.; Aramaki, T. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
07/2018, Letnik:
905, Številka:
C
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment aims to detect dark matter particles that elastically scatter from nuclei in semiconductor detectors. The resulting nuclear-recoil energy ...depositions are detected by ionization and phonon sensors. Neutrons produce a similar spectrum of low-energy nuclear recoils in such detectors, while most other backgrounds produce electron recoils. The absolute energy scale for nuclear recoils is necessary to interpret results correctly. The energy scale can be determined in CDMS II silicon detectors using neutrons incident from a broad-spectrum $^{252}$Cf source, taking advantage of a prominent resonance in the neutron elastic scattering cross section of silicon at a recoil (neutron) energy near 20 (182) keV. Results indicate that the phonon collection efficiency for nuclear recoils is $4.8^{+0.7}_{-0.9}$% lower than for electron recoils of the same energy. Comparisons of the ionization signals for nuclear recoils to those measured previously by other groups at higher electric fields indicate that the ionization collection efficiency for CDMS II silicon detectors operated at $\sim$4 V/cm is consistent with 100% for nuclear recoils below 20 keV and gradually decreases for larger energies to $\sim$75% at 100 keV. The impact of these measurements on previously published CDMS II silicon results is small.
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