Despite the well-established link between firearm access and suicide, less is known about other variables that may influence the risk for death by self-inflicted gunshot versus other methods of ...suicide. As individual factors have demonstrated limited predictive ability, scholars have called for studies that consider the multifaceted relations between myriad variables. One alternative to the typical cause-and-effect approach for investigating various forms of psychopathology is network analysis. However, few studies have applied this method to suicidal outcomes, particularly in the context of a veteran population. Data from 19,234 male veteran suicide decedents (89.1% White; Mage = 57.16, SD = 18.64) acquired from the National Violent Death Reporting System were used to investigate characteristics of veteran suicide decedents who died by self-inflicted gunshot (gun; 66.4%) versus alternative methods (nongun, e.g., poisoning, hanging; 33.5%). Results of the overall moderated network model indicated that veterans in the gun group were more likely to have a physical health problem that contributed to the suicide than veterans in the nongun group. Additionally, results of the moderated network model revealed several pairs of associated circumstances whose relationships were significantly moderated by method of suicide, the three strongest of which included having a physical health problem that contributed to the suicide. Overall, results suggest that public health prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing the overall burden of physical health problems among male veterans may mitigate the risk of firearm suicides.
General Scientific Summary
Despite the well-established link between firearm access and suicide, less is known about other variables that may influence the risk for death by self-inflicted gunshot. Results of this study highlight the proximal and interactive role of physical health problems on firearm suicide as opposed to suicide by another method. Prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing the overall burden of physical health problems may mitigate the risk of firearm suicides among male veterans.
Stemodinol, a new natural compound, together with known compounds including jaceidin, stemodin, stemodinoside B, isocrenatoside, verbascoside, crenatoside, and isoverbascoside, were isolated from ...Stemodia maritima Linn. The antioxidant (DPPH method) and antimicrobial activities of stemodin, stemodinoside B, and crenatoside were investigated. Among the components tested, only crenatoside isolated from the roots showed a high antioxidant power. Stemodin and stemodinoside B exhibited antibacterial activities.
Patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) have an adverse outcome after relapse. Bendamustine has demonstrated a good efficacy and toxicity profile in previously reported trials. In this study, we ...present a retrospective analysis of the Spanish experience in relapsed/refractory MCL treated with bendamustine in combination or alone with the objective of knowing the efficacy and toxicity profile of this treatment in our current clinical practice. Fifty eight patients were registered: 67 % male with median age of 71 years, and 2 is the median number of previous lines. The most frequent bendamustine regimen was bendamustine plus rituximab (83 %). The median number of cycles was 5 (range 1–8). The overall response rate was 84 % with 53 % of complete response/unconfirmed complete response (CR/uCR). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 16 months (95 % confidence interval (CI) 13.3–18.8), and for patients who achieved CR/uCR, it was 33 months (95 % CI 11.1–54.2). Median overall survival (OS) was 30 months (95 % CI 25.6–34.9). For PFS, only blastoid histology and not achieving CR after bendamustine had a significant negative impact on the univariate and multivariate analyses (
p
< 0.05). Nevertheless, for OS, only an elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) had negative impact on both, univariate and multivariate analyses (
p
< 0.05). Only one case of treatment-related mortality in a 79-year-old patient with very bad performance status was reported. In 280 cycles, 12 (4 %) hospitalizations for febrile neutropenia were reported. In our population, bendamustine has been a good salvage treatment with a favorable toxicity profile in a non selected and heavily pretreated population of patients with MCL.
Nephronophthisis (NPH), an autosomal-recessive tubulointerstitial nephritis, is the most common cause of hereditary end-stage renal disease in the first three decades of life. Since most NPH gene ...products (NPHP) function at the primary cilium, NPH is classified as a ciliopathy. We identified mutations in a candidate gene in eight individuals from five families presenting late-onset NPH with massive renal fibrosis. This gene encodes MAPKBP1, a poorly characterized scaffolding protein for JNK signaling. Immunofluorescence analyses showed that MAPKBP1 is not present at the primary cilium and that fibroblasts from affected individuals did not display ciliogenesis defects, indicating that MAPKBP1 may represent a new family of NPHP not involved in cilia-associated functions. Instead, MAPKBP1 is recruited to mitotic spindle poles (MSPs) during the early phases of mitosis where it colocalizes with its paralog WDR62, which plays a key role at MSP. Detected mutations compromise recruitment of MAPKBP1 to the MSP and/or its interaction with JNK2 or WDR62. Additionally, we show increased DNA damage response signaling in fibroblasts from affected individuals and upon knockdown of Mapkbp1 in murine cell lines, a phenotype previously associated with NPH. In conclusion, we identified mutations in MAPKBP1 as a genetic cause of juvenile or late-onset and cilia-independent NPH.
Background/Aim
First-line bevacizumab-based therapies have been shown to improve clinical outcomes in patients with non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to descriptively analyse ...patients with non-squamous NSCLC who received a long-term period of maintenance bevacizumab.
Patients and methods
This retrospective study included 104 patients who had already reached a progression-free survival (PFS) of at least 9 months.
Results
Median overall survival and PFS were 30.7 and 15.1 months, respectively. The overall response rate was 83 %. Weight loss ≤5 %, ECOG PS = 0, or low number of metastatic sites seem to be predictive factors of good evolution. The incidence of bevacizumab-related adverse events appeared to be similar as the previous studies.
Conclusion
Our findings show that there is a long-term survivor group whom the administration of bevacizumab resulted in a relevant prolongation of response without new safety signals. Due to the population heterogeneity, it was not possible to identify the standardised predictive factors.
Purpose: Drinking is common among young adult veterans. Previous research has established that veterans' drinking is more strongly associated with veteran versus civilian drinking norms. The present ...research extends these findings by examining the influence of self-identification both with other veterans and with civilians as moderators of the association between perceived norms and drinking. Methods: Veterans aged 18-34 (N = 1015; 88.7% male; M = 28.23, SD = 3.44) were recruited via Facebook to participate. Measures included same-gender veterans/same-gender civilians self-identification, same-gender veterans/same gender-civilians perceived drinking norms, and own drinking. Results: Pairwise comparisons revealed both male and female veterans identified more with other veterans than civilians and perceived drinking to be more prevalent among other veterans than civilians. However, males overestimated male veteran drinking norms to a greater degree than male civilian norms whereas the opposite was true for females. Negative binomial analysis examining a three-way interaction between veteran identification, civilian identification, and civilian norms revealed civilian drinking norms were positively associated with drinking, particularly for veterans who strongly identified with both veterans and civilians. Conversely, civilian drinking norms were also found to be negatively associated with drinking, particularly for those who did not identify strongly with civilians but identified strongly with veterans. Implications: This study represented a preliminary step for understanding how identity plays a role in terms of veterans' drinking. Given that veterans drank at differing levels of identification, it may be important to consider identities that are most salient when designing interventions targeting individual veterans.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, FSPLJ, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Objective Traumatic experiences cause considerable suffering and place a burden on society due to lost productivity, increases in suicidality, violence, criminal behavior, and psychological ...disorder. The impact of traumatic experiences is complicated because many factors affect individuals’ responses. By employing several methodological improvements, we sought to identify risk factors that would account for a greater proportion of variance in later disorder than prior studies. Method In a sample of 129 traumatically injured hospital patients and family members of injured patients, we studied pre-trauma, time of trauma, and post-trauma psychosocial risk and protective factors hypothesized to influence responses to traumatic experiences and posttraumatic (PT) symptoms (including symptoms of PTSD, depression, negative thinking, and dissociation) two months after trauma. Results The risk factors were all significantly correlated with later PT symptoms, with post-trauma life stress, post-trauma social support, and acute stress symptoms showing the strongest relationships. A hierarchical regression, in which the risk factors were entered in 6 steps based on their occurrence in time, showed the risks accounted for 71% of the variance in later symptoms. Most of the variance in PT symptoms was shared among many risk factors, and pre-trauma and post-trauma risk factors accounted for the most variance. Conclusions Collectively, the risk factors accounted for more variance in later PT symptoms than in previous studies. These risk factors may identify individuals at risk for PT psychological disorders and targets for treatment.
Recent research has documented a link between spiritual struggles and suicidal factors in veterans. Despite this evidence base, research has not examined possible intervening variables or applied ...contemporary ideation-to-action frameworks to understand the role of spiritual struggles on suicide risk. Drawing on a sample of 110 treatment-seeking veterans, the purpose of this study was to replicate and extend previous research by exploring the mediating role of two interpersonal psychological risk factors for suicide, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, in the well-established association between spiritual struggles and suicidal factors. Results revealed significant associations between religious and spiritual struggles and suicide symptom severity, even after controlling for overall levels of depression. Moreover, perceived burdensomeness but not thwarted belongingness mediated this association. The current investigation provides initial evidence that perceived burdensomeness, or the perception that one is a burden on family members and significant others, partially accounts for the emerging links between spiritual struggles and risk for suicide. Results highlight the potential utility in assessing both spiritual struggles and perceived burdensomeness among veterans with heightened suicide risk.
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•The mono hydroxylated bile acid, lithocholic acid, and derivatives have been evaluated as antibacterial.•Derivatives of lithocholic acid were investigated against the growth of ...different microorganisms.•Lithocholic acid and derivatives showed good inhibitory results with aminoglycosides antibiotics.
In order to develop bioactive lithocholic acid derivatives, we prepared fifteen semi-synthetic compounds through modification at C-3 and/or C-24. The reactions showed yields ranging from 37% to 100%. The structures of all compounds obtained were identified on the basis of their spectral data (IR, MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR). The activity of lithocholic acid and derivatives was evaluated against the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The derivative 3α-formyloxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid (LA-06) showed the best activity, with MIC values of 0.0790mM against E. coli (Ec 27) and B. cereus in both cases, and 0.0395mM against S. aureus (ATCC 12692). Lithocholic acid and the derivatives with MIC⩽1.2mM were evaluated on the susceptibility of some bacterial pathogens to the aminoglycoside antibiotics neomycin, amikacin and gentamicin was evaluated. There are no previously reported studies about these compounds as modifiers of the action of antibiotics or any other drugs.
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