Our objective was to determine the effects of grazing annual forage mixtures on forage, animal, and carcass performance of steers compared with cool-season perennial pasture during the finishing ...period.
Red Angus–influenced steers (n = 24/year over 3 yr) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 forage treatments: mixed pasture (control; MIX); 2-species small grain–brassica mixture (simple, SIMP); or 5-species small grain–brassica mixture (complex, COMP). Steers grazed their respective treatment for 64, 76, and 70 d in 2014 (yr 1), 2015 (yr 2), and 2016 (yr 3), respectively. Initial and final fasted BW were measured. Carcass data were collected 48 h postmortem.
Forage biomass (kg of DM/ha) was greater (P = 0.02) for SIMP (5,909) and COMP (5,984) than for MIX (4,000). There was a treatment-by-year interaction for most of the forage chemical composition components, with higher quality forage observed for SIMP, COMP, or both. Final BW and overall ADG were greater (P < 0.01) for steers grazing MIX (518 kg and 1.16 kg/d) than for those grazing COMP (504 kg and 0.97 kg/d), which were greater than for those grazing SIMP (496 kg and 0.85 kg/d). However, total gain (kg/ha) was lower (P < 0.001) for MIX (99.9) than SIMP (138.3) and was greatest for COMP (167.1). Hot carcass weight was greater (P < 0.01) for COMP (+9%) than SIMP and MIX in yr 1, and no differences were observed in yr 2 and yr 3. Dressing percentage was greater (P < 0.01) for carcasses from steers grazing COMP compared with SIMP, which were both greater than MIX.
Annual forage mixtures of SIMP and COMP can provide considerably greater amounts of DM later in the grazing season and support greater gain per hectare. Steers grazing these mixtures have similar or greater hot carcass weight compared with traditional cool-season perennial mixed pasture.
Abstract Background The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) is a screening instrument that has been shown to be an effective measure of depression in postpartum women and is widely used in developing ...nations. Methods The SRQ was administered to 2028 mothers from eight nations at two time points: one and six months postpartum. All data were obtained from the Interactions of Malnutrition and Enteric Infections: Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) study. The sample included women from MAL-ED sites in Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, South Africa, and Tanzania. This study examined three aspects of validity of SRQ scores including (a) structural validity, (b) cross-cultural invariance, and (c) invariance over time. Results A 16-item, one-factor structure with items reflecting somatic symptoms removed was deemed to be superior to the original structure in this postpartum population. Although differential item functioning (DIF) across sites was evident the one-factor model was a good fit to the data from seven sites, and the structure was invariant across the one- and six-month time points. Limitations Findings are based on data from self-report scales. No information about the clinical status of the participants was available. Conclusions Overall, findings support the validity of a modified model of the SRQ among postpartum women. Somatic symptoms (e.g., headaches, not sleeping well) may not reflect internalizing problems in a postpartum population. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
In the present work, it was evaluated the
in vitro effect of 12 isolates from the fungal species
Arthrobotrys,
Duddingtonia,
Nematoctonus and
Monacrosporium genera in different conidial ...concentrations on the capture of
Ancylostoma spp. dog infective larvae (L
3), on 2% water-agar medium at 25
°C, at the end of a period of 7 days. The concentrations used for each nematophagous fungus were 1000, 5000, 10,000, 15,000 and 20,000
conidia/Petri dish plated with 1000
Ancylostoma spp. L
3. All nematode-trapping fungi isolates tested reduced the averages of the uncaptured
Ancylostoma spp. L
3 recovered, with the increase of the fungal inoculum concentration, in comparison to the fungus-free control (
p
<
0.05). The adhesive network producing species were better predators than the constricting ring or adhesive knob producing species.
Duddingtonia flagrans (Isolate CG768) was the most effective, reducing the averages of the uncaptured
Ancylostoma spp. L
3 recovered in 92.8%, 96.3%, 97.5%, 98.3% and 98.9%, respectively in five fungal inoculum concentrations established. Other effective nematophagous fungi were
Arthrobotrys robusta (Isolate I31), which reduced the averages of the uncaptured
Ancylostoma spp. L
3 recovered in 85.4%, 88.3%, 90.7%, 92.5% and 95.2%, and
Arthrobotrys oligospora (Isolate A183), with reductions of 66.6%, 79.8%, 86.8%, 89.5% and 90.8%, respectively for both, in the five fungal inoculum concentrations established. No difference was found between Isolates A183 and I31 in the conidial concentrations of 15,000/Petri dish.
Nematoctonus robustus (Isolate D1) and
Arthrobotrys bronchophaga (Isolate AB) had the smallest percentages of reduction among the tested isolates and showed the lowest predacious activity. The Isolates CG768, I31 and A183 were considered potential biological control agents of
Ancylostoma spp. dog free-living stages, being directly influenced by the fungal inoculum concentration.
This research aimed to assess the selectivity of treatments involving the commercial formulations tank mixtures of iodosulfuron-methyl with herbicides ACCase inhibitors (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and ...clethodim) and synthetic auxins (2.4-D), applied in post-emergence of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) crops. Three experiments were conducted in the field, during the 2014 crop year. A randomized complete block design was used with 11 treatments and five replications. Treatments consisted of (g ha-1): 1) iodosulfuron-methyl (6.5), 2) fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (82.5), 3) fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + clethodim (55 + 54); 4) 2.4-D (335), 5, 6 e 7) iodosulfuron-methyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (6.5 + 82.5; 6.5 + 110 and 6.5 + 165), 8) iodosulfuron-methyl + fenoxaprop + clethodim (6.5 + 55 + 54), 9) iodosulfuron + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + 2.4-D (6.5 + 110 + 335), 10) iodosulfuron-methyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + clethodim + 2.4-D (6.5 + 82.5 + 72 + 335) and 11) check without weeds. Associations of iodosulfuron-methyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (6.5 + 82.5; 6.5 + 110 and 6.5 + 165 g ha-1) associations, as well as of iodosulfuron-methyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + 2.4-D (6.5 + 110 + 335 g ha-1) were selective for BRS Campeiro and BRS Gralha azul wheat cultivars and did not feature symptoms of intoxication and significant losses in grain yield and hectoliter weight, when compared to the treatment with no application. For BRS Brau barley cultivar, only iodosulfuron-methyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl associations, in doses of 6.5 + 82.5 and 6.5 + 110 g ha-1 were feasible for selectivity. Clethodim addition in iodosulfuron-methyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl or iodosulfuron-methyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + 2.4-D associations caused negative effects for wheat and barley crops. Commercial formulation of iodosulfuron-methyl (Hussar™) resulted in protection for damage effects of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (Podium EW™) for studied crops.
RESUMO: A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a seletividade de tratamentos envolvendo a mistura em tanque de formulações comerciais de iodosulfuron-methyl com herbicidas inibidores da ACCase (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl e clethodim) e auxinas sintética (2,4-D), aplicados em pós-emergência das culturas do trigo (Triticum aestivum) e cevada (Hordeum vulgare). Três experimentos foram conduzidos em campo, durante a safra agrícola de 2014. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com 11 tratamentos e 5 repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por (g ha-1): 1) iodosulfuron-methyl (6,5), 2) fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (82,5), 3) fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + clethodim (55,0 + 54,0); 4) 2,4-D (335,0); 5, 6 e 7) iodosulfuron-methyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (6,5 + 82,5, 6,5 + 110,0 e 6,5 + 165,0); 8) iodosulfuron-methyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + clethodim (6,5 + 55,0 + 54,0); 9) iodosulfuron-methyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + 2,4-D (6,5 + 110,0 + 335,0); 10) iodosulfuron-methyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + clethodim + 2,4-D (6,5 + 82,5 + 72,0 + 335,0); e 11) testemunha capinada. As associações de iodosulfuron-methyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (6,5 + 82,5, 6,5 + 110,0 e 6,5 + 165,0 g ha-1), assim como de iodosulfuron-methyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + 2,4-D (6,5 + 110,0 + 335,0 g ha-1), foram seletivas para os cultivares de trigo BRS Campeiro e BRS Gralha Azul, não apresentando sintomas de intoxicação e perdas significativas na produtividade e no peso hectolitro dos grãos. Para a cevada BRS Brau, apenas as associações de iodosulfuron-methyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, nas doses de 6,5 + 82,5 e 6,5 + 110,0 g ha-1, foram viáveis em relação à seletividade. A adição de clethodim nas associações de iodosulfuron-methyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl ou iodosulfuron-methyl + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + 2,4-D teve efeitos negativos para as culturas de trigo e cevada. A formulação comercial de iodosulfuron (Hussar™) proporcionou proteção aos efeitos deletérios do fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (Podium EW™) para as culturas estudadas.
Core Ideas
The cultivars Tamani and Zuri have greater nutritive value than cultivar Massai.The individual cattle performance was greater in Tamani and Zuri pastures.Massai provided the same ...liveweight gain per area than Tamani and Zuri.Tamani and Zuri can be used in grazing systems aiming cattle growing and fattening.Tamani can minimize usual guineagrass restrictions during rainy‐dry season transition.
The development of forage cultivars suitable for the Brazilian Cerrados should incorporate long‐term cattle performance results, ensuring released material be persistent and of high quality. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of three guineagrass Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B. K. Simon & S. W. L. Jacobs cultivars (Massai, Tamani, and Zuri) on liveweight gain of young Nellore (Bos indicus) bulls under grazing. The trial was performed in Planaltina (Federal District, Brazil) from 2011 to 2013 encompassing dry and rainy seasons. Cattle average daily gain (ADG) in the rainy season differed among cultivars, averaging 0.716, 0.791, and 0.883 kg head−1 d−1 for Massai, Tamani, and Zuri, respectively. The ADG was lesser (0.284 kg head−1 d−1) in the dry season with no effects of cultivar. Massai had a similar stocking rate (SR) as Tamani but a greater SR than Zuri in the rainy season (490, 445, and 417 animal unit day ha−1), which was influenced by its greater herbage accumulation rate (HAR; 66.8, 41.4 and 42.3 kg DM ha−1 d−1, respectively). However, there were no differences among cultivars in liveweight (LW) gain per area (GA 2.28 kg ha−1 d−1). In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was lesser for Massai (530 g kg−1) compared to Tamani and Zuri (561 and 550 g kg−1, respectively). Due to above‐average nutritive value, Tamani and Zuri provided greater individual cattle performance than Massai, although the GA was similar among all cultivars.
ABSTRACT Several factors can influence wheat crop yield, they include the interference imposed by weeds is one of the most important. The objective of this study was to evaluate the critical periods ...of weed interference in early wheat in the midwest of the state of Paraná, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in an experimental area located in Campo Mourão - PR, during the year 2013, using the BRS Pardela cultivar. The treatments consisted of periods of coexistence and weed control in wheat. Periods of coexistence and control were 0, 7, 14, 28, 35 and the whole cycle at days after crop emergence (DAE). Number of reproductive tillers per plant, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, plant height and wheat crop yield, were significantly affected by coexistence with prevailing infestation of Raphanus raphanistrum, therefore, a critical period of interference was determined at 16 to 24 DAE.
RESUMO Vários fatores podem influenciar a produtividade da cultura do trigo, dos quais a interferência imposta pelas plantas daninhas é um dos mais importantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os períodos críticos de interferência das plantas daninhas em trigo precoce na região Centro Ocidental Paranaense. O experimento foi desenvolvido em área experimental localizada em Campo Mourão-PR, durante o ano de 2013, utilizando o cultivar BRS Pardela. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de períodos de convivência e controle das plantas daninhas na cultura do trigo. Os períodos de convivência e controle foram de 0, 7, 14, 28, 35 e o ciclo todo em dias após emergência da cultura (DAE). O número de perfilhos reprodutivos por planta, o comprimento da espiga, o número de espiguetas por espiga, a altura das plantas e a produtividade da cultura do trigo foram significativamente alterados pela convivência com infestação prevalecente de Raphanus raphanistrum, permitindo estabelecer período crítico de prevenção da interferência dos 16 aos 24 DAE.
The objective of this longitudinal clinical randomized trial was to evaluate the clinical performance of a nanofilled and a nanohybrid resin composite in Class I occlusal restorations of posterior ...teeth over the course of 54 months. Forty-one adolescents participated in the study. The teeth were restored with Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) and nanofilled (Filtek Z350, 3M ESPE), nanohybrid (Esthet-X, Dentsply) and microhybrid Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE) used as a control. After 54 months, the restorations were evaluated in accordance with the modified United States Public Health Service criteria. The McNemar and Friedman tests were used for statistical analysis, at a level of significance of 5%. Five failed restorations were observed during the follow-up. A change to unacceptable restoration occurred for one Esthet-X, two Filtek Z350, and two Filtek Z250 restorations, which received the clinically unacceptable score, Charlie, for both anatomic form and marginal adaptation. Secondary caries and postoperative sensitivity occurred in one Filtek Z250 and one Filtek Z350 restoration. When the five evaluation periods (baseline and six, 12, 30, and 54 months) were compared, significant differences were found in the marginal adaptation of Filtek Z250 and Filtek Z350. Significant differences in the roughness criteria (p=0.005) were also observed when the three composites were compared after 54 months (Filtek Z350 > Filtek Z250 > Esthet-X), always within clinically acceptable limits. The materials investigated showed acceptable clinical performance for Class I restoration after 54 months. Long-term reevaluations are necessary for a more detailed analysis of these composites.
ABSTRACT Sweet sorghum culture is an alternative to sugar and ethanol production. With the aim of evaluating herbicide tank-mix selectivity associated or not to sweet sorghum seed treatment with ...naphthalic anhydride, two experiments with ESX5200 and EJX7C5110 hybrids were performed in red oxisol (clayey) field conditions, in the municipality of Campo Mourão, Paraná state. A randomized block design was used, with 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor represented three herbicide associations and a control sample without herbicide, and the second factor was constituted by the absence or presence of seed treatment with naphthalic anhydride (5.0 g kg-1). Herbicide treatments were tank-mixes of atrazine + S-metolachor (2,640 + 480 g ha 1) (pre-emergence); atrazine + S-metolachlor + isoxaflutole (2,640 + 480 + 11.25 g ha-1) (pre-emergence) and atrazine + S-metolachlor (1,500 + 384 g ha-1) (post-emergence). The following characteristics were evaluated: intoxication, plant height, stalk diameter, number of internodes per stalk and plant density, performed 60 days after emergence (DAE); stalk yield and Brix, were evaluated on day 85 DAE. Atrazine + S-metolachlor tank-mix applied in pre or post-emergence did not affect growth, development, yield and stalk quality of the ESX5200 and EJX7C5110 sweet sorghum hybrids. Sweet sorghum seed treatment with naphthalic anhydride provided partial protection against the action of atrazine + s-metolachlor + isoxaflutole tank-mixes, being more evident for the ESX5200 hybrid.
RESUMO A cultura do sorgo sacarino tem sido uma alternativa para produção de açúcar e álcool. Com o objetivo de avaliar a seletividade de misturas em tanque de herbicidas associadas ou não ao tratamento de sementes de sorgo sacarino, como o protetor químico anidrido naftálico, um experimento com os híbridos ESX5200 e EJX7C5110 foi instalado em área de Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (textura muito argilosa), em Campo Mourão-PR. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator representou três associações de herbicidas e uma testemunha sem aplicação, e o segundo, a ausência ou presença do tratamento de sementes com anidrido naftálico (5,0 g kg-1). Os tratamentos herbicidas foram as misturas em tanque de atrazine + S-metolachlor (2.640 + 480 g ha-1) (pré-emergência); atrazine + S-metolachlor + isoxaflutole (2.640 + 480 + 11,25 g ha-1) (pré-emergência); e atrazine + S-metolachlor (1.500 + 384 g ha-1) (pós-emergência). As avaliações foram: intoxicação, altura de plantas, diâmetro do colmo, número de entrenós no colmo e estande, realizadas aos 60 dias após emergência (DAE); produtividade de colmos e teor de sólidos solúveis (oBrix), realizadas aos 85 DAE. A mistura em tanque de atrazine + S-metolachlor, aplicados em pré ou pós-emergência, não alterou o crescimento, desenvolvimento, produtividade e qualidade de colmo dos híbridos de sorgo sacarino ESX5200 e EJX7C5110. O tratamento de sementes de sorgo sacarino com anidrido naftálico proporcionou proteção parcial contra a ação das misturas de atrazine + S-metolachlor e atrazine + S-metolachlor + isoxaflutole, sendo mais evidente para o híbrido ESX5200.
ABSTRACT Lawn with grass classified as Axonopus compressus is very common in Brazil Southern region, where it normally presents an adequate low temperature tolerance and a high diversity of weed ...infestation. This work has aimed to conduct a phytosociological survey of weeds in lawn consisting of Axonopus compressus from CEDETEG/UNICENTRO University campus located in the Brazilian municipality of Guarapuava, in the state of Paraná, in different periods of 2013. One hundred eighty 0.50 x 0.50 m samples were collected in four months, from which parameters frequency, density, abundance, relative frequency, relative density, relative abundance and importance value index were calculated. In general, 24, 7, 17 and 14 weed species were identified, distributed in 23, 3, 8 and 6 families, respectively, in April, June, October and December. The largest number of weed species was identified in Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Cyperaceae families. The ones classified as the most important and with occurrence over all periods of year were Trifolium repens (Fabaceae), Soliva pterosperma (Asteraceae) and Oxalis corniculata (Oxalidaceae).
RESUMO Gramados com a grama denominada sempre-verde (Axonopus compressus) são muito comuns na região Sul do Brasil, onde normalmente apresentam boa tolerância ao frio e alta diversidade de infestação de plantas daninhas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a realização de um levantamento fitossociológico de plantas daninhas em gramado composto por grama-sempre-verde do campus universitário CEDETEG/UNICENTRO, localizado em Guarapuava-PR, em diferentes épocas do ano de 2013. Cento e oitenta amostras de 0,5 x 0,5 m foram coletadas em quatro meses, a partir das quais foram calculados os parâmetros frequência, densidade, abundância, frequência relativa, densidade relativa, abundância relativa e índice de valor de importância. De modo geral, foram identificadas 24, 7, 17 e 14 espécies de plantas daninhas, distribuídas em 23, 3, 8 e 6 famílias, respectivamente, nos meses de abril, junho, outubro e dezembro. O maior número de espécies de plantas daninhas foi identificado para as famílias Asteraceae, Fabaceae e Cyperaceae; aquelas que as classificadas como as mais importantes e com ocorrência em todas as épocas do ano foram Trifolium repens (Fabaceae), Soliva pterosperma (Asteraceae) e Oxalis corniculata (Oxalidaceae).
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