The amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M tuberculosis) direct test (MTD) is reported to be a highly sensitive (92.6%) and specific (100%) test for the detection of M tuberculosis. We report two ...cases of human leprosy in which false-positive amplified MTD testing on skin biopsies led to initial misdiagnoses of cutaneous M tuberculosis.
The expression and inheritance of the NPT II (neomycin phosphotransferase II) gene was studied in four transgenic petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm.) plants and their progeny. The four transgenic plants, ...each of which had more than one site of insertion, were different from each other in the level of foreign gene expression. Transmission of one or more NPT II alleles to progeny as detected by DNA hybridization did not lead to consistent or predictable patterns of NPT II expression. All transgenic plants and their progeny displaying NPT II enzyme activity contained unmethylated SstII (methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme) sites in the nopaline synthase (NOS) promoter (controlling NPT II gene transcription); whereas, 13 of 17 plants which contained the NPT II gene and which showed no NPT II activity had methylated SstII sites. Two progeny of 1 transgenic plant appeared to have some unmethylated SstII sites, but no NPT II enzyme activity was found in leaf tissue samples. DNA methylation of the SstII site in the NOS promoter is strongly correlated with a decrease in NPT II gene expression in transgenic petunia plants and their progeny. However, DNA methylation alone could not account for the variability seen in NPT II gene expression.
Reaction of ruthenium bis-acetylide complexes with 2,6-lutidinium tetrafluoroborate gave butenynyl complexes cis-Ru(η3-RCCCC(H)R)(PMe3)4BF4 in moderate to good yields. The structure of ...cis-Ru(η3-tBuCCCC(H)tBu)(PMe3)4BF4 was determined crystallographically. Attempts to prepare cis-Ru(η3-MeCCCC(H)Me)(PMe3)4BF4 resulted in the formation of two isomers, which differ in the stereochemistry about the double bond. The reaction of two bis-acetylide complexes with methyl triflate afforded butenynyl-type complexes cis-Ru(η3-RCCCC(Me)R)(PMe3)4+ (R = Me, Ph). The mixed acetylide−vinylidene complex trans-Ru(CCSiMe3)(CCH2)(PMe3)4PF6 was prepared by the reaction of trans-Ru(CCSiMe3)2(PMe3)4 with ammonium hexafluorophosphate. In addition, the crystal structure of trans-Ru(CCH)(CCH2)(PMe3)4BF4 is reported.
A series of dinuclear and trinuclear, acetylide-bridged ruthenium(II) complexes was synthesized by the condensation of terminal acetylenes with methyl ruthenium complexes. Dinuclear ruthenium(II) ...complexes trans,trans-(RCC)Ru(dmpe)2(μ-CCC6H4CC)Ru(CCR′)(dmpe)2 (R = R′ = Ph; R = R′ = t Bu; R = Ph, R′ = t Bu; R = t Bu, R′ = 3,5- t Bu2-C6H3) were synthesized by the reaction of trans-(CH3)Ru(dmpe)2(CCR) with the unsymmetrical bis(acetylido)ruthenium(II) complex trans-(R′CC)Ru(dmpe)2(CCC6H4CCH) at ambient temperature and pressure. These complexes were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and trans,trans-( t BuCC)Ru(dmpe)2(μ-CCC6H4CC)Ru(dmpe)2(CC t Bu) was characterized crystallographically. The symmetrical trinuclear ruthenium(II) complexes trans,trans,trans-(RCC)Ru(dmpe)2(μ-CCC6H4CC)Ru(depe)2(μ-CCC6H4CC)-Ru(dmpe)2(CCR) (R = Ph, t Bu, SiMe3) were also prepared and characterized, and the redox behavior of a subset of the complexes was studied using cyclic voltammetry.
Le fourmilion est une larve qui construit un piège en forme d’entonnoir dont le sable s’éboule sur la proie qui y a pénétré. Un journal japonais utilise cette métaphore en 1933 pour désigner la ...situation de femmes japonaises attirées par des Chinois originaires de la région de Fuqing, une province située presque en face de Taiwan, et qui avaient émigré au Japon. A partir de l’examen de ces cas tels qu’ils sont rapportés par les autorités et les médias nippons, l’auteur analyse à la fois la rhétorique et la politique nationalistes de l’Empire, mais s’attache aussi à montrer que ces femmes des milieux populaires ne sont pas seulement des victimes : en restituant leur puissance d’agir, il les inscrit dans une histoire des migrations en Asie orientale, où migrer peut également apparaître comme un moyen, même illusoire, de construire son destin. Au début du 20e siècle, les journaux japonais rapportèrent l’« enlèvement » de Japonaises parties à Fuqing, au Fujian, en compagnie de colporteurs chinois qu’elles avaient rencontrés au Japon. Les autorités japonaises, soucieuses de sauvegarder le prestige national, s’efforcèrent de les rapatrier et d’empêcher l'émigration d’autres femmes à Fuqing, mais il leur fallut affronter la coopération douteuse des forces chinoises à une époque d’hostilité croissante envers le Japon. De plus, l’idée même qu’avaient ces femmes de leur propre intérêt allait souvent à l’encontre de la rhétorique et de la politique officielles. Cet article explore ces relations interethniques intimes et leurs rapports à l’impérialisme japonais avant 1937. During the early 20th century, the Japanese press reported on the "abduction" of Japanese women who had migrated to Fuqing, Fujian, in the company of Chinese peddlers they had met in Japan. Concerned about national prestige, Japanese authorities endeavoured to repatriate these women and to prevent others from migrating to Fuqing, but they had to contend with the questionable cooperation of local Chinese forces at a time of mounting anti-Japanese sentiment. Meanwhile, the womens perceptions of their own self-interest often conflicted with official rhetoric and policy. This article explores these intimate interethnic relations and their connection to Japanese imperialism prior to 1937.
Background and Aims
Research into the active ingredients of behavioral interventions for alcohol use disorders (AUD) has focused upon treatment‐specific factors, often yielding disappointing results. ...The present study examines common factors of change in motivational enhancement therapy, cognitive–behavioral therapy and 12‐Step facilitation therapy by (1) estimating transitional probabilities between therapist behaviors and subsequent client Change (CT) and Sustain (ST) Talk and (2) examining therapist skillfulness as a potential predictor of transition probability magnitude.
Design
Secondary data analysis examined temporal associations in therapy dialogues.
Setting
United States: data were from Project MATCH (Matching Alcoholism Treatments to Client Homogeneity) (1997).
Participants
One hundred and twenty‐six participants who received motivational enhancement therapy, cognitive–behavioral therapy or 12‐Step facilitation therapy.
Measurements
Therapist behaviors were measured in three categories (exploring, teaching, connecting) and client statements included five categories (CT‐distal, ST‐distal, CT‐proximal, ST‐proximal, neutral). Therapist skillfulness was measured using a five‐point ordinal scale.
Findings
Relative to chance, therapist exploratory behaviors predicted subsequent client discussion of distal, drinking behavior odds ratio (OR) = 1.37–1.78, P < 0.001 while suppressing discussion of proximal coping and neutral content (OR = 0.83–0.90, P < 0.01). Unexpectedly, therapist teaching suppressed distal drinking language (OR = 0.48–0.53, P < 0.001) and predicted neutral content (OR = 1.45, P < 0.001). Connecting behaviors increased both drinking and coping language, particularly language in favor of change (CT OR = 1.15–1.84, P < 0.001). Analyses of exploring and connecting skillfulness revealed that high skillfulness maximized these behaviors effect on client responses, but not teaching skillfulness.
Conclusions
In motivational enhancement therapy, cognitive–behavioral therapy, and 12‐Step facilitation therapy for alcohol use disorders, the therapists who explore and connect with clients appear to be more successful at eliciting discussion about change than therapists who engage in teaching behavior. Therapists who are more skilled achieve better results than those who are less skilled.
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