Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium, which is a reflection of the overgrowth of oral commensals. This alteration in the oral microbiota initiates inflammation of the gingiva, ...which when left untreated, terminates with the resorption of the alveolar bone that may lead to a poor and hopeless prognosis. With upcoming trends in modulating the host's immunity, the role of regulatory T-cells has gained importance. These T-cells defend against inflammation and autoimmunity as they suppress both. However, in both the conditions, the regulatory cells are invariably reduced in number. Novel methods to enhance the function of Tregs have made their way in dentistry, as a promising approach to cure periodontitis. This article discusses various significant tests and trials of Tregs in the recent years.
Introduction:
Incidence of Gastric cancer (GC) is increasing alarmingly in the recent past due to changing lifestyle and diet pattern. GC usually has poor prognosis due to delayed diagnosis. Salivary ...and serum biomarkers are a potential early diagnostic tool for GC. MicroRNAs are promising biomarkers due to their stability in these body fluids and their pivotal role in carcinogenesis. This study helps to determine the role of serum and salivary microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in gastric cancer.
Materials and Methods:
The systematic review was performed as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study (PICOS) framework was used as a strategy for this review. The data were retrieved from online databases such as Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and SpringerLink. Risk of bias and applicability concerns were evaluated using the four domains of QUADAS-2: patient selection, index test, reference standard, procedure and timing.
Results:
Quality evaluation based on diagnostic accuracy revealed that five studies conducted by Hou
et al.
, Jianhong
et al.
, Kaczor-Urbanowicz
et al.
, Saliminejad
et al.
, and So JBY
et al.
had the lowest risk of bias, according to a risk of bias chart created using Revman 5.4.1 software. A serum 12-miRNA biomarker assay was validated by the low risk of bias research.
Conclusion:
This systematic review provides an insight into the possible role and application of an array of miRNAs from various body fluids as a biomarker for the early detection of gastric cancer. The serum 12-miRNA biomarker assay, validated by a low risk of bias research can serve as a potential diagnostic tool to detect gastric cancer. However, the validation of other salivary, serum, and plasma miRNAs as a diagnostic biomarker for gastric cancer mandates further long-term follow-up studies in diverse ethnicity of populations.
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a biomarker, associated with the pathogenesis of Periodontitis and coronary artery disease (CAD) individually, but their role in patients with both diseases remains unclear. The ...current study aims to evaluate the association of PTX in patients with concomitant periodontitis and CAD.
In a case-control study, 240 participants were selected and divided into four groups. Nonperiodontitis + noncardiac = 60 patients, periodontitis + noncardiac (P + NC) = 60 patients, nonperiodontitis + cardiac (NP + C) = 60 patients, periodontitis + cardiac (P + C) = 60 patients. Demographic variables, cardiac and periodontal parameters were recorded. PTX was evaluated in the subgingival plaque and atheromatous plaque samples using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compared between the groups. The results were statistically analyzed.
Among the demographic variables, age showed a significant difference between the groups. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein, and random blood sugar were significantly higher in NP + C and
+ C groups (
≤ 0.05). The plaque index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss were significantly higher in
+ NC and
+ C groups (
≤ 0.05). PTX was significantly elevated in
+ C group (
= 0.000). Pearson's correlation revealed a significant correlation between the periodontal parameters and PTX in both the cardiac and oral samples.
PTX3 levels were elevated in CAD patients with periodontitis suggesting the influence of periodontal inflammation in the progression of CAD. PTX3 may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for both periodontitis and CAD. This study could provide an understanding and awareness about the potential role of PTX3 in both periodontitis and CAD.
Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the awareness of LASER in periodontal treatment modalities and their advantages and disadvantages among periodontists in Chennai, India. Materials and ...Methods: Seventy periodontists, including postgraduate students, were evaluated on their awareness on LASER using a validated questionnaire. The answers were recorded, and scoring was given based on their choices. The scores were statistically evaluated. Results: The results suggested a profound awareness of LASER (55.7% had more than 3 years of experience and 44.3% had <3 years of experience) toward application for periodontal therapy. Nearly 18.6% of periodontists felt that LASER is a replacement for scalpel, whereas 34.3% felt LASER cannot completely replace scalpel and 47.1% of them felt it debatable. About 34.3% reported LASER as an adjunct, 18.7% reported it to be a standalone surgical tool, and 47.1% of them felt it debatable. Conclusion: This study implies that most of the periodontists have profound knowledge on the basic concepts of LASER and its application in periodontal treatment. The study also infers the use of LASER has become more predominant among periodontists in their day-to-day practice.
Evaluation of TLR2 and 4 in Chronic Periodontitis Ilango, Paavai; Mahalingam, Arulpari; Parthasarathy, Harinath ...
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research,
06/2016, Letnik:
10, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Periodontal disease is the major cause of adult tooth loss and is commonly characterized by a chronic inflammation caused by infection due to oral bacteria. Members of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) family ...recognize conserved microbial structures, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides and activate signalling pathways that result in immune responses against microbial infections.
The aim of the present study was to assess the mRNA expression of Toll-Like Receptor 2 and 4 in tissues with or without chronic periodontitis.
Gingival tissue samples were collected from controls (30 subjects with healthy periodontal tissues) and experimental group (30 subjects with chronic periodontitis). Total RNA was extracted and RT-PCR was done for evaluation of TLR-2 and TLR-4. Mann Whitney U-test, Pearson Chi-square Test was used for statistics.
The results showed that there is a significant (p-value= 0.004) association between TLR-4 and the experimental group comprising of chronic periodontitis patients in comparison to the insignificant (p-value= 0.085) TLR-2 expression.
This study concludes that TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressed in the gingival tissues recognize different bacterial cell wall components thus helping us to associate its potential in diagnosing periodontal disease. Hence, in the future, these scientific findings can pave the way in using TLR as a diagnostic biomarker for periodontal disease.
Although there is ample evidence in the literature supporting a significant positive association between key periodontal pathogens and established inflammatory markers of periodontitis and coronary ...artery disease (CAD), their exact role remain unclear. Especially, the role of viruses in the etiology and specific biomarkers have not been validated. Thus, the current study aims to evaluate the role of periodontal viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV), as well as the inflammatory marker pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and to analyze their association with CAD.
The study included 240 patients divided into four groups of 60 patients each: nonperiodontitis + noncardiac (NP+NC) group, periodontitis + noncardiac patients (P+NC) group, nonperiodontitis + cardiac patients (NP+C) group, and periodontitis + cardiac (P+C) group. The cardiac surgery group (C-S) was a subgroup of NP+C and P+C. It consisted of 60 patients from the abovementioned two cardiac groups in whom coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) was indicated. Demographic variables, cardiac parameters, and periodontal parameters were recorded. The viruses (EBV, CMV, and HSV) and the inflammatory marker PTX3 were evaluated in the subgingival plaque samples of all the four groups and atheromatous plaque samples of the C-S using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively, and were compared between the groups. The results were obtained and statistically analyzed.
The demographic variables did not differ significantly between the groups, except for age. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein, and random blood sugar were significantly higher in NP+C and P+C, whereas high-density lipoprotein was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) in the same. Plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in P+NC and P+C. PTX were significantly elevated in P+C among the four groups. On evaluating the subgingival plaque samples, EBV and CMV were significantly higher in the two periodontitis groups P+NC and P+C (p = 0.000). HSV was significantly higher in the two cardiac groups (NP+C and P+C) (p ≤ 0.05). Cardiac EBV and CMV were significantly elevated in the P+C group with a p value of 0.004 and 0.033, respectively. Cardiac HSV was found in the NP+C group with statistical insignificance (p = 0.410) between the groups. On correlation, oral PTX were significantly associated with bleeding index (BI), PPD, and CAL (p = 0.000). Similarly, cardiac PTX showed significant association with PI, BI, PPD, and CAL (p = 0.000). Oral and cardiac PTX also showed significant correlation with each other. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between CAL and oral EBV (p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, cardiac EBV showed a significant association with CAL and oral EBV (p ≤ 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis also revealed that both cardiac and oral PTX showed a significant association only with oral EBV, CMV, and HSV.
The results of the current study suggest that the clinical severity of periodontitis (CAL), etiology of periodontitis (EBV and CMV), and inflammatory marker of periodontitis (PTX3) were found to be significantly elevated in CAD. These findings suggests that periodontal diseases may be a risk factor that could influence the progression of CAD.
Background
Viruses are considered to be a newer family associated with inflammatory diseases. Yet the role of periodontal viruses in coronary artery diseases (CAD) remains unclear. Thus, the current ...study aims to evaluate the prevalence of periodontal viruses and compare the same in cardiac samples of CAD patients with and without periodontitis.
Methods
A total of 60 patients with CAD indicated for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) were included. These were grouped into 36 patients with healthy periodontium (CAD only) and 24 patients with periodontitis (CAD + P). The demographic variables, cardiac parameters and periodontal parameters were recorded. Cardiac tissue samples were collected during the CABG surgery and were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for periodontal viruses such as Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes simplex virus. All the parameters were statistically analyzed.
Results
Among the demographic variables, age was statistically significant between the groups. Plaque index, bleeding index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level (CAL) were significantly higher in CAD+P group (P ˂0.05). Periodontal viruses such as EBV and CMV were significantly higher (62.5% and 75% respectively, P ˂0.05) in the cardiac samples of the CAD+P than CAD only (25% and 47.2%, respectively). A significant association between EBV and CAL was revealed by multiple logistic regression analysis. (B = 0.374, P = 0.046)
Conclusions
The results revealed a higher prevalence of periodontal viruses such as EBV and CMV in CAD patients with periodontitis suggesting it as one of the risk factors for CAD. This is supported by the fact that severity of periodontal disease (CAL) is associated with the presence of EBV in coronary artery plaque samples in the current study.
Objectives
The current study aimed in evaluating the prevalence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in periodontitis and/or coronary artery disease ...(CAD) patients to compare with their healthy controls and insist their significance in the same.
Methodology
Two hundred and forty patients were divided into 4 groups. Non‐periodontitis+non‐cardiac (NP+NC) = 60 patients, periodontitis+non‐cardiac patients (P+NC) = 60 patients, non‐periodontitis+cardiac patients (NP+C) = 60 patients, and periodontitis+cardiac (P+C) = 60 patients. Demographic variables, cardiac and periodontal parameters were recorded. EBV, CMV, and HSV were evaluated in the subgingival plaque samples using RT‐PCR (real‐time polymerase chain reaction) and compared between the groups. The results were statistically analyzed using Student's t‐test, Pearson's chi‐square, Turkey post hoc analysis, and multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results
The demographic variables did not differ significantly between the groups, except for age. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, low‐density lipoprotein, and random blood sugar were significantly higher in NP+C and P+C (p ≤ 0.05). The plaque index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss (p ≤ 0.05) were significantly higher in P+NC and P+C. EBV and CMV were significantly higher in the two periodontitis groups P+NC and P+C (p‐value = 0.000). HSV was significantly higher in the two cardiac groups (NP+C and P+C) (p≤0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between EBV and CAL (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion
The study concluded that higher prevalence of EBV and CMV was found in groups with periodontitis patients. This indicates the significant role of the viruses in periodontitis as confirmed by association between EBV and CAL. The viruses were said to be highest in periodontitis patients with CAD. This could pave a new link in the risk of CAD in periodontitis patients.
Evidence revealing the role of T cell regulators Thanigaimalai, Abirami; Reddy, Vineela; Kumar, Dhanapriya ...
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology,
07/2021, Letnik:
25, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Context: Chemical plaque control agents and local drug delivery used in the management of periodontal therapy possess many adverse effects upon long-term usage. Hence, there is a search of herbal ...antibacterial agents with least adverse effects, which are being experimented to be used as an alternative to chemical agents. Nigella sativa is one such herb known for its antibacterial activity against many microorganisms. In this study, N. sativa is tested for its efficacy against significant periodontal pathogens. Aims: The study aims were to evaluate the antibacterial activity of N. sativa against significant periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella Intermedia, and to compare its efficacy with tetracycline. Materials and Methods: Methanolic extract of N. sativa seeds with three different concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/ml was prepared, and the antibacterial activity of N. sativa seeds was tested against bacterial strains of P. gingivalis and P. intermedia in culture plates. Zones of inhibition of bacterial growth were measured in three different concentrations and compared with tetracycline. Statistical Analysis Used: The results were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Although the results of N. sativa were slightly lesser than those of tetracycline (15.3 mm and 16.5 mm), the methanolic extract of N. sativa showed highly statistically significant (P < 0.001) antibacterial activity with zone of inhibition of 5.4 and 7.4 mm at 25 mg/ml and 9.4 and 10.1 mm at 50 mg/ml concentration against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia, respectively. Conclusions: N. sativa is found to possess antibacterial efficacy against periodontal pathogens such as P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. Hence, it can be used as a safe adjunct in periodontal therapy. Further clinical studies are required to check its efficacy clinically in patients with periodontitis.
PDF
