Background: The aim of this study was to measure the normal parameters of the common bile duct (CBD) in Saudi subjects using ultrasound modality. Methods and Results: This descriptive cross-sectional ...study was carried out in Alazhar Medical Group (Alqunfoda town, Saudi Arabia) from July 2022 to October 2022. The study included 150 subjects (43 males and 107 females) aged between 10 and 73 years without known biliary/pancreatic disease or surgery. The data was collected using the ultrasound machine Samsung Medison (SonoAce R7) using the lower frequency 2-8 MHz curvilinear probe. The age, gender, body height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were also recorded. The mean weight, height, and BMI levels were 71.64±17.32 kg, 165.06±11.7 cm, and 26.19±5.66 kg/m2, respectively. The mean CBD diameter was 3.26±0.82 mm, ranging from 1.8 mm to 5.8 mm. There was no statistically significant difference in CBD diameter between male and female subjects. Our study found that the linear regression model partially predicted the value of the CBD diameter with increasing age and weight. Further research on CBD measurement with a larger population sample and using various body positions is needed for more accurate results.
Abstract
In this work, the study of
Hylocereus undatus
properties was done by studying quantitative phytochemical compounds and seeking for total phenolic compounds, synthesis of gold nanoparticles ...was created via reduction of aqueous gold ions with the aqueous fruit extract of The
Hylocereus undatus
(dragon). The synthesized AuNPs were asserted by using (Uv-Vis) spectrophotometer; Fourier transforms infrared (FI-IR) spectroscopy, Atomic force microscope (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Zitasizer. The absorbance for SPR is noticed in 546 nm by using Uv-Visible spectroscopy The SEM and AFM analysis evidenced the particle size between 35-100nm, and spherical in structure. Mechanisms of AuNPs synthesis had been suggested and free radical scavenging activity was examined quantitatively by thin-layer chromatography and quantitatively by DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picsylhydrazyl) assay. The biosynthesized AuNPs showed much higher antioxidant activity compared to The
Hylocereus Undatus
fruit extract alone. The toxicity of the nanoparticles and extract was examined by giving all of them at dose 50mg\b.w orally to mice and the diagnosis of the result of pathological changes, which showed that both extracts are simple toxicity. So, the results confirmed that the fruit extract was a good bio reductant for the synthesis of AuNPs. Which can be applied as good agents for antibacterial applications and Anti-inflammatory and it could be helpful for the preparation of pharmacologically useful drugs.
In this paper, structural and optical analysis of boro-tellurite based glasses co-doped with Dy3+ and Pr3+ ions has been carried out. The glasses were fabricated by traditional melt quenching ...technique. XRD results confirm the amorphous-like nature of the glasses. FTIR spectroscopy was applied to explore the functional groups and interactions for the samples. The transition temperatures of glasses were identified by TGA/DSC analysis. Optical absorption and emission spectra of all the glasses have been recorded in the UV Vis- NIR spectral range. Tauc's method was applied to determine the direct and indirect optical band gaps. Luminescence spectra show intense emission bands at ∼482 nm and ∼574 nm wavelengths under λexc = 388 nm corresponding to Dy3+: 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 and 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transitions. Decay time data revealed the occurrence of a non-radiative energy transfer from Dy3+ to Pr3+ ions. Intense emission bands are identified at ∼602 nm (orange), ∼487 nm (blue) and ∼574 nm (yellow) observed upon λexc = 437 nm, corresponding to Pr3+:1D2→3H4, Pr3+:3P0,1,2 → 3H4/Dy3+: 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 and Dy3+: 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transitions, respectively, where the Dy3+ emissions are due to energy transfer from Pr3+ to Dy3+ ions. The CIE chromaticity results confirm that different colors can be generated by tuning the exciting wavelength, where all the glasses are capable to emit white light under λexc = 388 nm, while at λexc = 437 nm the samples (S2S4) emit reddish orange light. Accordingly, it is plausible to suggest these glasses for white LED and SSL applications.
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•Pr3+/Dy3+ co-doped borotellurite glasses are investigated for WLEDs application.•Existence of BO3 and BO4 structural units is confirmed by both FTIR and Raman spectra.•DSC analysis indicates that all the glasses possess good thermal stability (ΔT>100 °C).•Beyond 0.1 mol% Pr+ concentration fluorescence quenching occurred in codoped glasses.•Emission colors are tuned by varying the excitition wavelength from 388 nm to 437 nm.
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in one of the private farms in Fallujah district, west of Baghdad for the autumn season 2020/2021 in a sandy mixture soil to study the effect of adding ...humic acid and nano iron on iron availability, growth and yield of broccoli plant to show the effect of the method of adding humic acid at three levels of 0, 50 and 100 kg. h
-1
and its interaction with the addition of source and iron level at levels without addition (0 mg L
-1
, 50 mg L
-1
nano iron and 100 mg L
-1
metallic iron in some growth and production traits of broccoli plant using a complete randomized block design for a factorial experiment with three replicates and the results were analyzed Statistically at the 0.05 probability level to test for the least significant difference, the results of the study showed that the addition of humic acid caused significant increases compared to the control treatment in the studied traits, the highest average in the traits (number of leaves, leaf area, total plant yield, root weight, root length, iron concentration In leaves) it was 17.89 leaf
-1
, 362.5 cm
2
plant
-1
, 19.81 Mg h
-1
, 81.0 g, 45.1 cm, 16.65 mg kg
-1
, respectively. The treatments of iron spray formulas and concentrations also significantly affected by increasing most of the above characteristics and the superiority of spraying nano iron at a concentration of 50 mg L
-1
) in (plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, total plant yield, root weight, root length, iron concentration in leaves) reached 40.56 cm, 19.22 leaf. plant
-1
, 426.4 cm
2
plant
-1
, 26.06 mg/kg H
-1
, 80.76 gm, 46.0 cm
2
, 19.12 mg kg
-1
, sequentially. The effect of the interaction between the two factors of the study was significant, and the combination of adding humic acid combined with spraying nano iron at a concentration of 50 mg L
-1
) excelled in the traits (number of leaves, leaf area, iron concentration in leaves, total plant yield) which amounted to .20.31 leaf. plant
-1
, 503.4 cm
2
plant
-1
, 20.79 mg kg
-1
, 29.83 mg h
-1
, sequentially.
A new polydentate Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR, electronic, ESR and mass spectra, conductivity and magnetic ...susceptibility measurements as well as thermal analyses. The free ligand was synthesized by condensation of o-acetoacetylphenol with salicylaldehyde hydrazone. The analytical and spectroscopic tools showed that the obtained complexes are mono- and binuclear complexes, which can be generally formulated as: (L)M2X2(H2O)m·nZ; M = Cr, Fe, Ni or Cu, X = OAc or NO3, m = 5 or nil and n = 3, 1.5 or 0.5 and Z = EtOH or H2O, (H2L)2M(X)m.nH2O; M = Mn, Zn, or Cd, X = EtOH, H2O or nil, m = 2 or nil and n = 3.5 or 0, (HL)2Co2·0.5H2O and (H2L)2UO2(H2O). The metal complexes displayed octahedral, tetrahedral and square-planar geometrical arrangements, while uranium complex displayed seven-coordinate. Kinetic parameters (Ea, A, ΔH, ΔS and ΔG) of the thermal decomposition stages have been evaluated using Coats–Redfern equations. The molecular structural parameters of the ligand and its metal complexes have been calculated and correlated with the experimental data such as IR. The antimicrobial activity of the ligand and its complexes was screened against some kinds of bacteria and fungi. The antitumor activity of the ligand and its Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes was investigated against HepG2 cell line.
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•A new Schiff base and its metal complexes were synthesized and characterized.•The complexes exhibited different geometrical arrangements.•Kinetic parameters were calculated.•The ligand and its complexes showed antimicrobial activity.•The antitumor activity of the ligand and its Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes was investigated against HepG2 cell line.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) contain free –COOH which thought to be responsible for the GI irritation associated with all traditional NSAIDs. The esterification of this group is one ...of an approach to ultimate aim for reduce the gastric irritation; so in this study we synthesized and preliminarily evaluated new ester compounds as new analogues with expected selectivity toward COX-2 enzyme. Synthetic procedures have been successfully developed for the generation of the target compounds (III a and b). The synthetic approach involved multi-steps procedures which include: Synthesis of 4-hydroxy benzene sulphonamide ( I b ), synthesis of Naproxen and Ibuprofen acyl chloride and
then reacting them with 4-hydroxy benzene sulphonamide to form final compounds ( III a-b) .The structures of these compounds were identified and characterized using (TLC), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H NMR data and microanalysis (CHN). Pharmacological study as anti-inflammatory activities for the final compounds were studied in rats by induced edema type of inflammation. Moreover, the results of a docking study of compounds III a-b into the COX-2 binding site revealed that its mechanism was possibly similar to that of naproxen, a COX-2 inhibitor. The effect of them on COX-2 antibody was showed it could significantly inhibit COX-2 activity.
New mono-, bi- and trinuclear metal complexes of Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and UO2(VI) with a new Schiff base ligand H3L; ...((E)-2-hydroxy-N′-(4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxobutan-2-ylidene)) benzohydrazide (H3L) have been synthesized. The ligand and its metal complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR, electronic, ESR and mass spectra, conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements as well as thermal analyses. The metal complexes exhibited octahedral and tetrahedral geometrical arrangements. Kinetic parameters (Ea, A, ΔH, ΔS and ΔG) of the thermal decomposition stages have been evaluated using Coats–Redfern equations. Structural parameters of the synthesized compounds were calculated on the basis of DFT level implemented in the Gaussian 09 program and Hyperchem 7.52 and correlated with the experimental data. The antimicrobial activity of the present compounds was screened against Gram–positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), Gram–negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli), yeast (Candida albicans) and fungus (Aspergillus fumigatus). The antitumor activity of the ligand and its Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes was investigated against HepG2 cell line.
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•A new polydentate Schiff base ligand was synthesized and characterized.•Mono-, bi- and tri -nuclear complexes were synthesized and characterized.•The complexes exhibited octahedral and tetrahedral geometrical arrangements.•The ligand and some complexes showed antimicrobial and antitumor activity.•Molecular orbital calculations were performed.
There are two advantages of using porous media. First, its dissipation area is greater than the conventional fins that enhances the heat convection. Second is the irregular motion of the fluid flow ...around the individual beads which mixes the fluid more effectively. Nanofluids result from the mixtures of base fluid with nanoparticles having dimensions of (1–100) nm, with very high thermal conductivities; as a result, it would be the best convection heat transfer by using two applications together: porous media and nanofluids. This article aims to summarize the published articles in respect to porosity, permeability (K) and inertia coefficient (Cf) and effective thermal conductivity (keff) for porous media, also on the thermophysical properties of nanofluid and the studies on convection heat transfer in porous media with nanofluid.
Low back pain is highly prevalent and the main cause of years lived with disability (YLDs). We present the most up-to-date global, regional, and national data on prevalence and YLDs for low back pain ...from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021.
Population-based studies from 1980 to 2019 identified in a systematic review, international surveys, US medical claims data, and dataset contributions by collaborators were used to estimate the prevalence and YLDs for low back pain from 1990 to 2020, for 204 countries and territories. Low back pain was defined as pain between the 12th ribs and the gluteal folds that lasted a day or more; input data using alternative definitions were adjusted in a network meta-regression analysis. Nested Bayesian meta-regression models were used to estimate prevalence and YLDs by age, sex, year, and location. Prevalence was projected to 2050 by running a regression on prevalence rates using Socio-demographic Index as a predictor, then multiplying them by projected population estimates.
In 2020, low back pain affected 619 million (95% uncertainty interval 554–694) people globally, with a projection of 843 million (759–933) prevalent cases by 2050. In 2020, the global age-standardised rate of YLDs was 832 per 100 000 (578–1070). Between 1990 and 2020, age-standardised rates of prevalence and YLDs decreased by 10·4% (10·9–10·0) and 10·5% (11·1–10·0), respectively. A total of 38·8% (28·7–47·0) of YLDs were attributed to occupational factors, smoking, and high BMI.
Low back pain remains the leading cause of YLDs globally, and in 2020, there were more than half a billion prevalent cases of low back pain worldwide. While age-standardised rates have decreased modestly over the past three decades, it is projected that globally in 2050, more than 800 million people will have low back pain. Challenges persist in obtaining primary country-level data on low back pain, and there is an urgent need for more high-quality, primary, country-level data on both prevalence and severity distributions to improve accuracy and monitor change.
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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