There are many recent problems in several quarries of natural sand containing sulphate ratios outside the limits of the specification has led to difficulty in obtaining sand conforms to ...specifications in terms of the proportion of sulphate. To solve this problem, in this search was used the iron industry waste called slag iron that forming a burden on the environment. Where it was broken down and converted into a sand and then use the replacement rates (0, 25, 35, 50 and 100)% from a failing natural sand. Test conducted compressive strength and electrical resistivity to find out the impact of replaced the slag sand by failing natural sand on its. The results showed that the best replacement ratio was 50% by weight of failing sand and the rate of increase in the compressive strength (31.3 and 7)% at age 28 day compared mixture containing failing natural sand and the mixture containing the successful natural sand respectively. But when the total replacement of the failing sand by slag sand was the percentage increase (79.1 and 46) % compared to the same mixtures and age. The results of electrical resistivity tests showed significantly reduced for the mixtures which were the replacement the failing sand by slag sand with rates (0, 25, 35, 50 and 100) % compared to the mixtures containing successful natural sand where the rate of decline at age 28 day (30.8, 52.7, 60.8, 64.8 and 86.2) % respectively.
The nanoemulsion has a wide range of applications (Fig. 2), such as its application in transdermal, oral, parenteral, nasal, targeting, vaccine, pulmonary, ocular, otic and antimicrobial drug ...delivery systems. Construction of Phase Diagram: Construction of the pseudo-ternary or triangular coordinate diagrams of water, emulsifiers, and oil are obtained at fixed emulsifier (surfactant: co-surfactant) mixture (Smix) weight ratios (Fig.3). Preparation of Nanoemulsion: The drug is to be dissolved in the oil phase of the nanoemulsion and the surfactant and a cosurfactant are added after dissolving the drug then the water phases (deionized water) is included at a moderate rate with a slow mixing until the framework is straightforward. Spontaneous Emulsification: This technique includes three major steps: i Preparation of uniform andthe homogeneous organic solution contains a surfactant (hydrophilic and lipophilic) and oil in a non-aqueous solvent. ii The organic solution was dispersed in the water at persistent stirrer until the formation of stable o/w emulsion. iii Evaporation of the aqueous solvent by reducing the pressure 15.
We have studied new subclass B (A, B,γ) over multivalent functions. We have present some effects because of the category B (A, B,γ). We bear mentioned simple properties, convolution properties, ...incomplete sums, weighted mean, arithmetic mean, linear combination, inclusion rapport and neighborhood properties, software concerning fractional calculus then vile residences because of both the classes...
The deterioration of concrete in places exposed to sulphate salts, chlorides and groundwater movement is a major problem. In this research, polymer concrete was produced by testing four mixtures ...using different sizes of aggregates with epoxy adhesive and two mixtures were reinforced with polypropylene fibers (0.5 and 1)% by weight of Epoxy in addition to the reference mix consisting of cement and sand. Compressive strength, electrical resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, flexural and porosity testing were performed at ages 7, 14, 28, and 60 days. The highest compressive strength, electrical resistance, ultrasonic pulse velocity and zero porosity for mixture had a maximum size of sand less than 600 microns and more than 150 microns, where the rate of increase (272.9, 635.9, 45.9 and 57.7)% respectively compared to the reference mixture. The results showed also that the highest flexural strength was for the mix reinforced with 1% polypropylene fiber. In addition, the specimens at age 28 day submerged in the diluted solution of sulfuric acid at 5 and 10% for 11 weeks. The results showed that there were no change in the volume and weights of the specimens that were submerged.
...in- vitro dissolution analysis and antimicrobial studies were performed to ensure the proper releases and the effectiveness of the formulas. ...the antimicrobial study proves the effectiveness of ...the prepared formula with greater zone of inhibition compared to the conventional ciprofloxacin eye drop. ...we can conclude the successful preparation of sustained release ocular in-situ gel of ciprofloxacin and naproxen that can be considered as an effective replacement to the available eye drops of both drugs which used to prevent bacterial infection and minimizing the inflammation followed the surgical operation of cataract. ...most of the administered drug from the conventional ocular delivery systems, like solutions, suspensions and ointments, are no longer sufficient to ful fil the present day requirements of providing a constant rate delivery for prolonged time 4.
Activation of autophagy, a process of cellular stress response, leads to the breakdown of proteins, organelles, and other parts of the cell in lysosomes, and can be linked to several ailments, such ...as cancer, neurological diseases, and rare hereditary syndromes. Thus, its regulation is very carefully monitored. Transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms domestically or in whole organisms utilized to control the autophagic activity, have been heavily researched. In modern times, microRNAs (miRNAs) are being considered to have a part in post-translational orchestration of the autophagic activity, with miR-21 as one of the best studied miRNAs, it is often more than expressed in cancer cells. This regulatory RNA is thought to play a major role in a plethora of processes and illnesses including growth, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and inflammation. Different studies have suggested that a few autophagy-oriented genes, such as PTEN, Rab11a, Atg12, SIPA1L2, and ATG5, are all targeted by miR-21, indicating its essential role in the regulation.
For many years oral solid dosage forms were the most preferred dosage form for a wide range of populations due to their safety, efficacy, stability cheapness, and ease of administration. Although, ...they possess certain drawbacks mainly swallowing difficulties and bioavailability problems. Therefore, oral jellies were developed in an attempt to overcome these restrictions. In this study, six valsartan oral jellies were prepared using three different gelling agents (xanthan gum, sodium alginate, and gelatin) in different concentrations that are designed especially for pediatric patients with swallowing problems. These oral jellies were optimized by the evaluation of the physical appearance, pH, viscosity, and syneresis. In addition to the study of taste masking, content uniformity, and in vitro release profile. Furthermore, FT-IR and stability analyses were performed on the optimum formula. As a result oral jelly (F6) containing 6% gelatin was selected as the optimum formula possessing an acceptable physical property with a pH value of (7.25±0.47) and viscosity of (91200±1.95, 42170 ±2.7) cps at 5 and 10 rpm respectively which showing no syneresis. Moreover, F6 had an acceptable content uniformity of (96.30±1.38) and higher percent drug released in 30 minutes (98.40 ± 1.04) with good taste masking (1.22%±1.18, 4.37%±1.06) after 1 and 2 minutes respectively. Furthermore, the absence of any interactions or instability was assured by the result of the FT-IR and stability analysis. In a conclusion, this study was succeeded to formulate a valsartan oral jelly that can be used as a new easily swallowed form of the antihypertensive drug for the dysphagic population with improved bioavailability.
Solubility can be defined as the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at certain conditions to yield a single-phase system. Solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients is considered the main ...parameter to get the most desired drug concentration in general circulation
in order to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Poor aqueous solubility considered the main problem occurs in the formulation progress of new chemical entities; in addition to the standard improvement; solubility is the main dispute for formulation scientists. The drug must appear as solution at the site of absorption in order to be absorbed. Many physical or chemical modification techniques are used to improve the solubility of low aqueous soluble drugs, in addition to other techniques such as particle size reduction, crystal engineering, salt formation, solid dispersion, use of surfactant and complexation. The selection of the solubility improvement methods depends on drug characteristics, location of absorption and the features of the administered dosage form.
Self-repairing technology based on micro-capsules is an efficient solution for repairing cracked cementitious composites. Self-repairing based on microcapsules begins with the occurrence of cracks ...and develops by releasing self-repairing factors in the cracks located in concrete. Based on previous comprehensive studies, this paper provides an overview of various repairing factors and investigative methodologies. There has recently been a lack of consensus on the most efficient criteria for assessing self-repairing based on microcapsules and the smart solutions for improving capsule survival ratios during mixing. The most commonly utilized self-repairing efficiency assessment indicators are mechanical resistance and durability. On the other hand, Nondestructive methods have been widely used to visualize and assess cementitious composites, self-repairing behavior. However, certain issues remain, such as crack spread behavior, repairing agent kinetics on discrete crack surfaces, and the influence of inserted capsules on the mechanical characteristics of self-repaired cementitious composites, all of which require more investigations.
For many years, oral solid dosage forms were the most preferred dosage forms for a wide range of population due to their safety, efficacy, stability, cheapness and ease of administration. Swallowing ...difficulties and bioavailability problems are the main disadvantages for this rout.
For this reason, researchers try to develop easier rout of administration such as orodispersible tablet, mucoadhesive, sublingual and oral jelly was developed in an attempt to overcome this restriction. The ultimate purpose for this research is to introduce opportunities of providing the oral jelly as a suitable alternative to the readily available solid dosage forms of the same medicament, representing by that easily swallowed dosage form with improved bioavailability
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