The CFD simulations in spacer-filled membrane modules reveal complex fluid structure in diamond-type spacers as flow directional changes are seen due to inclined spacer filaments. Despite this ...complex fluid behavior the flow remains steady for the Reynolds number considered in this study. However, the flow in a parallel-type spacer earlier thought to be less complicated has shown three dimensionality as well as time dependency. Due to this transient nature, the flow becomes asymmetric with flapping motion. The eddies appear immediately behind the transverse filaments, grow in size and finally dissipate in the center of the filaments. The flow unsteadiness also causes the shear and mass transfer rates to vary in time and major fluctuations are seen in the center of the spacer filaments which may be useful in the periodic removal of foulants from membrane surfaces, thus improving the process efficiency.
Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a common problem, and many self‐report questionnaires are available for its evaluation. Pakistani women with sexual problems feel shy to consult with their ...physician. A validated self‐report questionnaire, in the local language with modest expressions is required for these women.
The aim of this study was to translate, cross‐culturally adapt, and perform a psychometric validation of an Urdu translation of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).
The FSFI was translated in Urdu, and its precision was ascertained through reverse translation. It was pretested on 22 bilingual women and refined again to reach at a reliable Urdu version of the questionnaire FSFI‐U. One hundred sixteen bilingual women, in a stable sexual relationship over the previous 6 months were finally asked to fill out the FSFI and FSFI‐U. Their sexual function was then clinically evaluated and responses were compared with the clinical assessment as well as with each other.
The responses were analyzed through descriptive statistics for reliability, face validity, agreement between the responses to the original English version and to the FSFI‐U, and also for test–retest consistency. The data were analyzed statistically using Cronbach's alpha analysis, Intraclass correlation coefficients, Pearson correlation, and Student's t‐test.
FSFI was found to be easily understandable and capable of adequately evaluating and measuring various aspects of female sexual function. A high degree of internal consistency was demonstrated on Cronbach's alpha analysis. Cronbach's α coefficient for various domains was sufficiently high ranging from 0.84 to 0.97. The clinical assessment of the presence and severity of FSD also matched with the self‐report questionnaire. Similarly, various domains of FSFI had high degree of correlation in the Urdu version of FSFI (P < 0.001).
The Urdu translation version of FSFI is valid and reliable for use in the literate population of Pakistan. Rehman KU, Asif Mahmood M, Sheikh SS, Sultan T, Khan MA. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): Translation, Validation, and Cross‐Cultural Adaptation of an Urdu Version “FSFI–U”. Sex Med 2015;3:244–250.
A series of W-type Ba-based Co-W ferrites with composition BaCoxCd2-xFe16O27 (x ═ 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 & 0.5) were fabricated by co-precipitation process at sintering 1100 °C for 8 h. In order to ...investigate structural, optical, electrical and magnetic properties XRD, FTIR, IV and VSM tools were employed to confirm the formation of ferrites phase. Crystallite size was observed in the range of 71.79 – 27.88 nm with the increase of cobalt contents to confirm the formation of W-type phase. FTIR investigated the existence of metal oxide (M – O). Electrical resistivity increased in the range of 0.2315 x 107 – 0.5329 x 107 ohm.cm. Saturation magnetization (Ms) of the synthesized sample were observed in the range (37.36 emu/g to 87.42 emu/g) and remanance (Mr) found (2.21 emu/g to 27.81 emu/g) while coercivity (Hc) observed in the range (42.58 Oe to 346.55 Oe). Explored results revealed that such type of behavior by material is suitable for application of magnetic recording media.
Introduction: Platelet Lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has been found to be a good predictor of future adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Aim: ...Investigation was done in the aim to detect the role of Platelet Lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting in-hospital adverse cardiac events in patients with STEMI thrombolysed with streptokinase in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study carried out in the Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh for fifteen-month duration from January, 2018 to March, 2019, in STEMI patients, who were thrombolysed with inj. Streptokinase (STK) had blood samples at admission, analyzed complete blood counts for PLR calculation. They were grouped into two, low and high PLR, taking 150 as cut-off. Chi square test was used to compare rate of adverse events and death in hospital stay. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate predictive ability of PLR for in-hospital cardiac events. Results: A total of 79 patients among 217 patients had complications. Patients in high PLR group had higher rate of complications (63.6% vs. 21.4%, p <0.001) in hospital than those in low PLR group. Arrhythmias (13.0% vs. 5.0%, p <0.036), Heart failure (45.5% vs. 15.0%, p=0.001), Cardiogenic shock (10.4% vs.3.6%, p <0.001), Death (9.1% vs. 6.4%, p=0.473), occurred more in high PLR group. Mean PLR was significantly different between Group-I and Group-II (96.21±27.79 vs. 233.21±88.20, p<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed PLR an independent predictor of in-hospital adverse cardiac events (at 10% level of significance, p = 0.001). Conclusion: High admission PLR is an independent predictor for in-hospital adverse cardiac events in patients hospitalized for STEMI thrombolysed with streptokinase.
Achilles tendinopathy is one of the common disorders seen in athletes. It is a degenerative rather than an inflammatory, condition. There is a lifetime risk of 52% in former elite male distance ...runners. This condition is difficult to manage and up to 29% of Achilles tendinopathy patients may require surgery. It often results in chronic pain and discomfort along with failure to regain full function. It can be complicated by partial tears or complete rupture causing long-term burden on healthcare system and making treatment quite difficult.
Carbon nanotubes were produced from the aerosol-assisted catalytic CVD method using palm oil as the precursor and ferrocene as the catalyst. The CNTs were yielded at optimized temperature of 700oC ...and the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope showed the image of CNTs produced. Raman Spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray and Thermogravimetric Analysis were then used to further study the Raman Spectra, purity and identification of samples.
The white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, is both one of the largest apex predators in the world and among the most heavily protected marine fish. Population genetic diversity is in part shaped by ...recent demographic history and can thus provide information complementary to more traditional population assessments, which are difficult to obtain for white sharks and have at times been controversial. Here, we use the mitochondrial control region and 14 nuclear-encoded microsatellite loci to assess white shark genetic diversity in 2 regions: the Northwest Atlantic (NWA, N = 35) and southern Africa (SA, N = 131). We find that these 2 regions harbor genetically distinct white shark populations (Φ ST = 0.10, P < 0.00001; microsatellite F ST = 0.1057, P < 0.021). M-ratios were low and indicative of a genetic bottleneck in the NWA (M-ratio = 0.71, P < 0.004) but not SA (M-ratio = 0.85, P = 0.39). This is consistent with other evidence showing a steep population decline occurring in the mid to late 20th century in the NWA, whereas the SA population appears to have been relatively stable. Estimates of effective population size ranged from 22.6 to 66.3 (NWA) and 188 to 1998.3 (SA) and evidence of inbreeding was found (primarily in NWA). Overall, our findings indicate that white population dynamics within NWA and SA are determined more by intrinsic reproduction than immigration and there is genetic evidence of a population decline in the NWA, further justifying the strong domestic protective measures that have been taken for this species in this region. Our study also highlights how assessment of genetic diversity can complement other sources of information to better understand the status of threatened marine fish populations.
ABSTRACT—Systemic hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are major risk factors for myocardial infarction. Yet, glucose intolerance, a prelude stage to type 2 diabetes, is associated with reduced ...infarct size. Since chronic hypertension adversely affects the myocardium, we tested the hypothesis that the coexistence of systemic hypertension and glucose intolerance reverses the cardioprotection associated with impaired glucose tolerance. Hearts from 9-month-old animals were subjected to a 40-minute occlusion of the left coronary artery followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Before ischemia, similar values for the four experimental groups were observed for the coronary flow, heart rate, and maximum ventricular pressure. During the course of the ischemia-reperfusion insult, the two hypertensive groups displayed greater reductions in contractility than their normotensive counterparts. Infarct size was lower in the normotensive glucose-intolerant rat than in the normotensive control rat. Surprisingly, the hypertrophied hearts of the hypertensive and hypertensive glucose-intolerant rats displayed reduced infarct size (P <0.05). However, raising the afterload pressure from 100 to 160 cm H2O increased infarct size in the two hypertensive groups. This narrowed the differential between the hypertensive glucose-intolerant (160 cm H2O) and the normotensive control (100 cm H2O) rats. Nonetheless, at the higher afterload pressure, infarct size was less in the hypertensive glucose-intolerant rats than in their hypertensive counterparts. In conclusion, the impairment in contractile function despite the reduction in infarct size underscores the increased susceptibility of the hypertrophied, hypertensive heart to ischemic injury. Furthermore, exacerbation of cell death at elevated afterload pressure indicates the potential benefit of aggressive antihypertensive therapy.
Nitrate (NO
3
−
) and Phosphate (H
2
PO
4
−
) leaching was studied under laboratory and field conditions to assess the effect of soil structure development on nutrient leaching losses. Laboratory ...leaching studies were conducted using undisturbed columns excavated from calcareous soils varying in clay content and structure development, i.e., Shahdara (Fluventic Camborthid), Sultanpur (Typic Torrifluvent), Lyallpur (Ustalfic Haplargid), and Pacca (Ustolic Camborthid). The NO
3
−
and H
2
PO
4
−
breakthrough curves (BTCs) were fitted to deterministic equilibrium and non-equilibrium convective dispersive equation (CDE) and transport parameters were determined. In addition, a field study was conducted in Shahdara and Lyallpur soils, sown with a maize (Zea mays L)-maize-potato (Solanum tuberosum L) sequence to assess the leaching losses of surface applied nitrogen and phosphorus at high rates. The NO
3
−
and H
2
PO
4
−
concentrations of the soil profile were monitored over a period of three years.
In all Lyallpur and Pacca columns, both NO
3
−
and H
2
PO
4
−
appeared in the effluent almost immediately after pulse application and peaked after 0.045 m of cumulative drainage. In contrast, appearance of NO
3
−
in effluent was delayed until 0.055 m cumulative drainage in the Sultanpur columns and until 0.073 m cumulative drainage in Shahdara columns and peaked at ≈0.14 m cumulative drainage. The appearance of H
2
PO
4
−
in the effluent was further delayed until 0.10 and 0.13m cumulative drainage, respectively. The deterministic equilibrium CDE domain fitted well (r
2
= 0.92-0.98) only to the Shahdara and Sultanpur BTCs whereas a deterministic non-equilibrium fit was equally good for all four soils (r
2
= 0.90-0.99). In situ, there was an obvious increase in NO
3
−
concentration in the plots receiving recommended and higher fertilizer rates to a depth of 0.50 m but thereafter a small increase was observed only in plots receiving higher rates of fertilizer. The increase in NO
3
−
concentration was more obvious in Shahdara soil than that of Lyallpur soil. The increase in phosphate concentration in Shahdara and Lyallpur soil profiles was comparable to that of NO
3
−
but the magnitude was less. Both laboratory and field studies highlighted the role of soil structure variability in loss of applied fertilizer.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Dosegli ste najvišje možno število prikazanih rezultatov iskanja.
Zaradi večje učinkovitosti iskanje ponudi največ 1.000 rezultatov na poizvedbo (oz. 50 strani, če je izbrana možnost 10/stran).
Za nadaljnje pregledovanje rezultatov razmislite o uporabi filtrov rezultatov ali spremembi razvrstitve rezultatov.
PDF
